{"id":37655,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:51","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:51","slug":"live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/live-distributiv-knoppix-posle-4h-let-ispolzovaniya-otkazalsya-ot-systemd","title":{"rendered":"Live-distro Knoppix loobus 4-aastase kasutuse j\u00e4rel systemd-st.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast nelja aastat systemd kasutamist on Debianil p\u00f5hinev Knoppix distributsioon eemaldanud vaidlusaluse initsialiseerimiss\u00fcsteemi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Sel p\u00fchap\u00e4eval (18. augustil *<\/b>) ilmus Knoppixi populaarse Linuxi distributsiooni versioon 8.6, mis p\u00f5hineb Debianil. Vabastamine p\u00f5hineb 9. juulil v\u00e4lja antud Debian 10 (Buster) versioonil ning seal on terve hulk pakette testimis- ja ebastabiilsetest harudest, et toetada uusi graafikakaarte. Knoppix on \u00fcks esimesi live-CD Linuxi distributsioone ning on endiselt v\u00e4ga populaarne entusiastide seas.<\/p>\n

Knoppix 8.6 v\u00e4ljaanne \u2014 esimene avalik versioon distributsioonist, mis on loobunud systemd'ist, Lennart Poetteringi Red Hatis v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud initsialiseerimiss\u00fcsteemist, mis on m\u00f5eldud sysvinit'i asendamiseks. Kuigi systemd kohandamine on olnud vastuoluline ja kriitika objekt, on systemd praegu voolavates s\u00fcsteemides vaikimisi valik. Seda kasutatakse Knoppix'i upstream'is \u2014 Debianis; RHEL, CentOS ja Fedora; openSUSE ja SLES, samuti Mageia ja Archis.<\/p>\n

Rahulolematus systemd'ga on peamiselt seotud funktsioonide \u00fclem\u00e4\u00e4rase koormamisega, mida alams\u00fcsteem endale v\u00f5tab, kuna projekt ei vasta Unix'i p\u00f5hifilosoofiale \"tee \u00fcks \u00fclesanne ja tee seda h\u00e4sti\". Muud aspektid, n\u00e4iteks logid binaarses vormingus (erinevalt inimloetavatest tekstilogidest), p\u00f5hjustavad samuti kriitikat.<\/p>\n

Tehniliselt oli esimene Knoppixi versioon, mis eemaldas systemd, 8.5; kuid seda versiooni levitati eksklusiivselt koos Linux Magazine Germany tr\u00fcki v\u00e4ljaannete, mis ilmusid varem sel aastal, ja see ei olnud avalikuks allalaadimiseks saadaval. Knoppixi looja Klaus Knopper kirjutas l\u00fchidalt otsusest systemd selle versioonist eemaldada (saksa keelest t\u00f5lgitud, lingid lisatud konteksti jaoks):<\/p>\n

\"Endiselt vastuoluline systemd algatus, mis on hiljuti p\u00f5hjustanud pahameelt seoses turvavigadega<\/a>, integreeriti Debiani alates versioonist 8.0 (Jessie) ja eemaldati Knoppixi 8.5 v\u00e4ljaandest. Ma \u00fcletasin karmid s\u00f5ltuvused s\u00fcsteemis laadimise kaudu oma pakettidega (parandused) *<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Et s\u00e4ilitada systemd-sarnane seansihalduse s\u00fcsteem ja seega s\u00e4ilitada tavalise kasutaja kaudu s\u00fcsteemi v\u00e4ljal\u00fclitamise ja taask\u00e4ivitamise v\u00f5imaluse, kasutasin seansihaldurit elogind. See v\u00f5imaldas v\u00e4ltida systemd sekkumist paljusid s\u00fcsteemikomponente ja v\u00e4hendas s\u00fcsteemi keerukust. Kui peate k\u00e4ivitama oma teenuseid alguses, ei ole teil vaja luua mingeid systemd \u00fcksusi, lihtsalt kirjutage oma teenused tekstifaili \/etc\/rc.local, mis sisaldab n\u00e4iteid koos selgitustega.\"<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Knoppix kasutas systemd'd 2014. aastast 2019. aastani, saades teiseks v\u00e4ga l\u00fchikeses loendis distributsioonidest, mis integreerisid ja seej\u00e4rel systemd'ist loobusid \u2014 Void Linux oli selle nimekirja esimene. Samuti loodi 2016. aastal Debian'i fork \u2014 Devuan, mis loodi systemd-vabade p\u00f5him\u00f5tete \u00fcmber. (On olemas analoogiline fork Arch Linux'ist \u2014 Artix, mis kasutab openRC). *<\/b>)<\/p>\n

Knoppix sisaldab ka s\u00fcsteemi inimestele, kellel on piiratud v\u00f5imekus, ADRIANE (Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment), mis on \"r\u00e4\u00e4kiva men\u00fc\u00fc s\u00fcsteem, mille eesm\u00e4rk on h\u00f5lbustada t\u00f6\u00f6 ja interneti ligip\u00e4\u00e4su arvutikasutajatele, isegi kui neil ei ole visuaalset kontakti arvuti ekraaniga,\" mis valikuliselt sisaldab ekraanilugeja s\u00fcsteemi, mis p\u00f5hineb Compiz'il.<\/p>\n

* \u2014 t\u00f5lkija m\u00e4rkus<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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