{"id":37750,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:31","slug":"distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","title":{"rendered":"Distri — paketihaldustehnoloogiate testimiseks m\u00f5eldud jaotamine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Michael Stapelberg, i3wm mozaikakenalduse halduri looja ja endine aktiivne Debian arendaja (toetas umbes 170 paketti), standardi C raamatukogu<\/a><\/noindex> eksperimentaalne jaotur distri<\/a><\/noindex> ja samanimeline pakihaldur. Projekt positsioneeritakse kui uurimus v\u00f5imalikke viise pakihalduse s\u00fcsteemide j\u00f5udluse suurendamiseks ning kehastab m\u00f5ningaid uusi ideid jaotiste koostamise kohta. Pakihalduri kood on kirjutatud Go keeles ja levitatakse<\/a><\/noindex> BSD litsentsi all.<\/p>\n

Pakettide formaadi peamine omadus, mis on pakutud jaotises, on paketi tarnimine SquashFS piltide kujul, mitte kompressitud tar-arhiividena. SquashFS-i rakendamine, analoogselt AppImage ja Snap formaatidega, v\u00f5imaldab paketti \"mountida\" ilma, et oleks vaja dekompressiooni teostada, mis s\u00e4\u00e4stab salvestusruumi, v\u00f5imaldab atomaarseid muudatusi ja muudab paketi sisu kohe k\u00e4ttesaadavaks. Samuti sisaldavad distri paketid, nagu ka klassikalises \"deb\" formaadis, ainult eraldi komponente, mis on seotud s\u00f5ltuvustega teiste pakettidega (raamatukogusid ei dubleerita pakettides, vaid installitakse s\u00f5ltuvustena). Teisis\u00f5nu, distri p\u00fc\u00fcab \u00fchendada klassikaliste jaotiste, nagu Debian, granuleeritud pakettide struktuuri rakenduste tarnimise meetoditega mountitavatesse konteineritesse.<\/p>\n

Iga pakett distris mountitakse oma katalooge ainult lugemisre\u017eiimis (n\u00e4iteks zsh pakett on saadaval kui \"\/ro\/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3\"), mis m\u00f5jutab positiivselt turvalisust ja kaitseb juhuslike v\u00f5i pahatahtlike muudatuste eest. Teeninduskataloogide hierarhia, nagu \/usr\/bin, \/usr\/share ja \/usr\/lib, loomiseks rakendatakse spetsiaalset FUSE moodulit, mis \u00fchendab k\u00f5ik installitud SquashFS piltide sisud \u00fcheks tervikuks (n\u00e4iteks kataloog \/ro\/share annab juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su k\u00f5ikide pakettide share alamkataloogidele). <\/p>\n

Pakettide<\/a><\/noindex> distri puhul on p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt vabastatud<\/a><\/noindex> installimise protsessis kutsutud t\u00f6\u00f6tlejatest (ei ole h\u00e6kke ja triggereid), ning erinevad paketi versioonid v\u00f5ivad \u00fcksteisega olemas olla, mist\u00f5ttu pakettide installimise paralleelt\u00f6\u00f6tlus on v\u00f5imalik. Ettepanekud struktuur piirab pakihalduri j\u00f5udlust ainult v\u00f5rgu l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imega, mille kaudu paketid alla laaditakse. Paketi paigaldamine v\u00f5i v\u00e4rskendamine toimub aatomaaru reeglina ja ei n\u00f5ua sisu dubleerimist. <\/p>\n

Pakettide installimise konfliktid on v\u00e4listatud, kuna iga pakett on seotud oma kataloogiga ning s\u00fcsteemis v\u00f5ib samaaegselt eksisteerida erinevaid versioone \u00fchest paketist (kataloogist lisatakse kokkuv\u00f5tlike kataloogide sisu uuema versiooniga \u00fchendatud paketist). Pakettide koostamine toimub samuti v\u00e4ga kiiresti ja ei n\u00f5ua paketide paigaldamist eraldi koostamiskeskkonda (koostamiskeskkonnas luuakse vajalikest s\u00f5ltuvustest vaated kataloogist \/ro).<\/p>\n

Toetatakse<\/a><\/noindex> T\u00fc\u00fcpilised paketihalduse k\u00e4sud, nagu \"distri install\" ja \"distri update\", ning informatiivsete k\u00e4skude asemel saab kasutada tavap\u00e4rast utiliiti \"ls\" (n\u00e4iteks installitud pakettide vaatamiseks piisab, kui kuvada kataloogide nimekiri hierarhias \"\/ro\", ja et teada saada, millise paketi koostisosana fail kuulub, vaadata, kuhu viib selle faili link).<\/p>\n

Eksperimentideks ette n\u00e4htud distributsi protot\u00fc\u00fcp sisaldab umbes 1700 paketti<\/a><\/noindex> ja valmis paigalduskujutised<\/a><\/noindex> , millega on varustatud nii peamise operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi paigaldamiseks kui ka QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud ja VirtualBoxis k\u00e4ivitamiseks. Toetatakse kr\u00fcpteeritud kettaosa kaudu k\u00e4ivitamist ja pakettide jaoks m\u00f5eldud standardrakenduste komplekti, mis luuakse i3 aknahalduse p\u00f5hjal (brauserina on soovitatud Google Chrome'i). Pakkuda<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00e4ielik t\u00f6\u00f6riistakomplekt distributsi koostamiseks, pakettide ettevalmistamiseks ja vormistamiseks, pakettide levitamiseks peeglite kaudu jne.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u2014 pakettide kiire haldamise tehnoloogiate katsetamiseks m\u00f5eldud distributsioon | ProHoster","description":"Michael Stapelberg, i3wm mozaikakenalduse halduri looja ja endine aktiivne Debian arendaja (toetas umbes 170 paketti),","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/distri-distributiv-dlya-obkatki-tehnologij-bystrogo-upravleniya-paketami","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Distri \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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