{"id":37847,"date":"2019-10-31T22:20:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:20:09","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:09","slug":"kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ya-proektiruyu-sks","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas ma projekteerin struktuurset kaablit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas
\n
\nSee artikkel s\u00fcndis vastusena artiklile \u201eIdeaalsele kohalikele v\u00f5rkudele\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Ma ei n\u00f5ustu autori enamikku v\u00e4idetega ja tahan selles artiklis mitte ainult neid \u00fcmber l\u00fckata, vaid ka esitada oma v\u00e4iteid, mida kaitsen hiljem kommentaarides. J\u00e4rgnevalt r\u00e4\u00e4gin m\u00f5nest p\u00f5him\u00f5ttest, millest ma l\u00e4htun kohaliku v\u00f5rgu projekteerimisel igas ettev\u00f5ttes.<\/p>\n

Esimene p\u00f5him\u00f5te on - usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus. Ebausaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne v\u00f5rk osutub alati kallimaks, arvestades selle hoolduskulusid, seiskumise t\u00f5ttu tekkivaid kahjusid ja kahjusid kolmandate isikute sekkumise t\u00f5ttu. L\u00e4htudes sellest p\u00f5him\u00f5ttest projekteerin alati p\u00f5hiv\u00f5rgu ainult kaabeldatuna ja vajadusel t\u00e4iendavana juhtmevaba (k\u00fclalisv\u00f5rk v\u00f5i mobiilterminalide v\u00f5rk). Miks on juhtmevaba v\u00f5rk v\u00e4hem usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne? Igale juhtmevabale v\u00f5rgule on iseloomulik rida turvalisuse, stabiilsuse ja \u00fchilduvuse probleeme. Liialt palju riske t\u00f5sise ettev\u00f5tte jaoks. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus m\u00e4\u00e4rab ka v\u00f5rgu struktuuri. 'T\u00e4ht' topoloogia on ideaal, mille poole tuleks p\u00fc\u00fcelda. 'T\u00e4ht' v\u00e4hendab vajalike l\u00fclitite arvu ja haavatavate trunkliinide arvu, lihtsustades hooldust. Kui palju lihtsam on probleemide leidmine \u00fches l\u00fclitis kui mitmes, mis on laiali jaotatud kontorites, nagu autor eespool nimetatud artiklis soovitab. Pole sugugi juhuslik, et kasutatakse v\u00e4ljendit 'l\u00fclitite loomaaed'.<\/p>\n

Kuid sageli tuleb praktikas ikkagi kasutada kas 'fraktaalset t\u00e4hte' v\u00f5i 'segatud topoloogiat'. See on seotud kauguse piirangutega kommutaatori ja t\u00f6\u00f6jaama vahel. Just seet\u00f5ttu usun, et optilised v\u00f5rgud asendavad aja jooksul t\u00e4ielikult keeratud paari.<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKui ei \u00f5nnestu k\u00f5iki l\u00fcliteid \u00fches kohas paigutada, on segatud topoloogia eelistatav, kuna k\u00f5ik trunkid kulgevad erinevaid marsruute pidi, mis v\u00e4hendab samal ajal mitme p\u00f5hiliini kahjustamise t\u00f5en\u00e4osust. <\/p>\n

R\u00e4\u00e4kides trunkidest. Kommutaatorid, mis on \u00fchendatud trunkide kaudu, peaksid alati omama var kanalit, et \u00fche liini kahjustumise korral j\u00e4\u00e4ks side s\u00f5lmede vahel p\u00fcsima ja \u00fckski \u00fchendus ei katkeks. Vigastatud juhe saab rahulikult \u00fcmber t\u00f5mmata. Seet\u00f5ttu v\u00f5ib trunkide jaoks, isegi l\u00fchikeste vahede puhul, kasutada kiiremat ja \u00f5hemat optilist patch kaablit.<\/p>\n

Teine printsii sks-i ehitamiseks on ratsionaalsus ja praktilisus. Just ratsionaalsus ei luba kasutada \"kaasaegset\" optikat t\u00f6\u00f6jaamade ja teiste seadmete \u00fchendamisel. Nagu \u00f5igesti m\u00e4rkis \u00fclalmainitud artikli autor \u2014 k\u00f5ik t\u00f6\u00f6tab praegu p\u00f6\u00f6ratud paariga. See on v\u00e4ga praktiline. Kuid optiliste kanalite kaudu saab enda t\u00f6\u00f6tama panna seni suhteliselt v\u00e4he, ilma lisaseadmeteta. Iga lisaseade on mitte ainult haavatavuse allikas, vaid ka t\u00e4iendav kulu. Siiski on see tulevik. Kunagi, kui peaaegu iga seade omab sisse ehitatud optilist porti, asendab optika t\u00e4ielikult p\u00f6\u00f6ratud paari. <\/p>\n

Ratsionaalsus ja praktilisus v\u00f5ivad ilmneda ka RJ45 pesa arvu osas t\u00f6\u00f6kohal. Praktiline on kasutada kahe pesa vahel t\u00f6\u00f6kohas. Teine pesa v\u00f5ib n\u00e4iteks olla m\u00f5eldud analoogse (digitaalse) telefoni \u00fchendamiseks v\u00f5i lihtsalt varupesana. Nii projekteeritakse tavaliselt SKS suuremates ettev\u00f5tetes. V\u00e4ike- ja keskmise suurusega ettev\u00f5tete puhul on ratsionaalsem kasutada \u00fchte arvutipesa t\u00f6\u00f6koha kohta, kuna IP telefonidel on enamasti kaks porti \u2014 sisene link ja teine arvuti \u00fchendamiseks. Ahnade printerite jaoks on alati soovitatav projekteerida eraldi t\u00f6\u00f6koht ning paigutada see v\u00f5imalusel mugavalt k\u00f5igile kasutajatele, n\u00e4iteks koridoridesse. Mis on t\u00e4htsam \u2014 ratsionaalsus v\u00f5i praktilisus, peaks otsustama IT-valdkonna spetsialist, kuna me k\u00f5ik teame, mida tavaliselt valivad juhid.<\/p>\n

On veel \u00fcks oluline punkt, mille ma seostan ratsionaalsuse ja praktilisusega. See on m\u00f5istlik \u00fcleliigsus. Praktilisem on omada kontorites nii palju t\u00f6\u00f6kohti, kui seal saab mahutada inimesi, mitte kui palju seal praegu t\u00f6\u00f6tab. Siin peab j\u00e4lle otsustama kompetentne t\u00f6\u00f6taja, kes tunneb ettev\u00f5tte rahalisi v\u00f5imalusi ja m\u00f5istab, et uute soovide tekkimisel tuleb tal lahendada istekohtade puuduse probleem.<\/p>\n

Ja ja, ratsionaalsuse ja praktilisuse p\u00f5him\u00f5tte alla kuulub ka varustuse ja materjalide valik. N\u00e4iteks, kui ettev\u00f5te on v\u00e4ike ja ei suuda palgata osavat v\u00f5rguadministraatorit, kes suudab tegeleda L2 l\u00fclititega, on m\u00f5istlik kasutada mittehalduslikke l\u00fcliteid, kuid reservtrunkid peavad siiski olemas olema, ehkki mitte aktiivsed. Materjalide pealt ei tohiks kokku hoida. Kasutades vaskkaabli asemel n\u00e4iteks kattega vaskkaabli, garanteerite, et paar aastat hiljem seisate silmitsi kehva \u00fchenduse probleemiga. Patsipaneelidest, tehasepat\u0161korvidest ja korraldajatest loobumine toob paratamatult kaasa segaduse serveriruumis, pidevalt \u201e\u00e4ra tulevad\u201c \u00fchendused ning pistikute oks\u00fcdeerumise. Samuti ei tasu kokku hoida serveriruumilt. Suurem m\u00f5\u00f5t v\u00f5imaldab mitte ainult rohkem varustust mahutada, vaid ka lihtsustab selle hooldamist. <\/p>\n

\u00c4rge kokku hoidke patchkaablitelt. Head tehasepatchkaablid peavad olema nii t\u00f6\u00f6kohtadel kui ka serveri kappides. Kui arvestada aega, mis kulus pistikute krimpleerimisele, ja materjalide maksumust, siis osutub tehasepatchkaabli ostmine odavamaks. Lisaks on kaabel j\u00e4ik, pistikud v\u00f5ivad olla halvad, pistikud oks\u00fcdeeruvad palju kiiremini, krimpleerimist\u00f6\u00f6riist v\u00f5ib olla kehv, silm v\u00f5ib muutuda v\u00e4sinuks, ja on veel palju p\u00f5hjuseid, miks mitte kasutada ise valmistatud patchkaablit. <\/p>\n

Minu arvates, kui ei ole vaja, et t\u00f6\u00f6jaam t\u00f6\u00f6taks kiirusel 10G, on m\u00f5istlikum kasutada kategooria 5e p\u00f6\u00f6rdelinti, mitte 6. kategooria, kuna see on mitte ainult odavam, vaid ka \u00f5hem, paindlikum ja seega mugavam paigaldada. <\/p>\n

Ja l\u00f5puks, kolmas p\u00f5him\u00f5te on korrastatus. Mida suurem on v\u00f5rk, seda olulisem on selles kord. Pistikud ja patchpaneelide portid peaksid olema kindlasti nummerdatud. Nummerdamine algab tavaliselt t\u00f6\u00f6kohtadest vasakult paremale ruumi sissep\u00e4\u00e4su juurest. Kohustuslik on kinnitatud ruumide plaan pistikute asukoha ja nummerdamisega.
\nPatch paneele kasutatakse pigem v\u00f5rgu j\u00e4rjestuse s\u00e4ilitamiseks kui f\u00fc\u00fcsiliseks eraldamiseks. Kui artikli autor, \"keda ma olen juba mitmel korral maininud\", arvab, et tema riistvara kapis ei ole midagi eriliselt \u00fchendamiseks, siis meie ei saa endale sellist luksust lubada. <\/p>\n

Ja see on k\u00f5ik. Need kolm p\u00f5hialust m\u00e4\u00e4ravad iga minu SCS projekti. K\u00e4esolevas artiklis ei saanud ma k\u00f5ike k\u00e4sitleda, palju on kindlasti t\u00e4helepanuta j\u00e4\u00e4nud, v\u00f5ib-olla on m\u00f5ni koht valesti. Olen alati konstruktivseteks aruteludeks avatud, kui keegi kutsub mind v\u00f5i kirjutab isiklikult.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Ma ei n\u00f5ustu autori enamikku seisukohti ning tahan selles artiklis mitte ainult neid \u00fcmber l\u00fckata, vaid ka esitada oma seisukohad, mida kavatseme hiljem kommentaarides kaitsta. Edasi r\u00e4\u00e4gin mitmest p\u00f5him\u00f5ttest, millest ma l\u00e4htun iga ettev\u00f5tte lokaalv\u00f5rgu projekteerimisel. 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