{"id":38564,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","slug":"novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","title":{"rendered":"Uued l\u00e4henemisviisid APT haldamiseks, kasutades veebitehnoloogiaid","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tehnoloogia areng on oluliselt m\u00f5jutanud juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrolli s\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri. J\u00e4lgides selle arengu teed, saab ennustada, mis meid l\u00e4hitulevikus ees ootab. <\/i><\/p>\n

Minevik<\/h4>\n

\nKauges minevikus olid arvutiv\u00f5rgud veel suur haruldus. Tol ajal ehitati juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrolli s\u00fcsteeme j\u00e4rgmiselt: master-juhtimisseade teenindas piiratud arvu kontrollerite t\u00f6\u00f6tlust, samas kui arvuti toimis terminalina nende programmeerimiseks ja teabe kuvamiseks. T\u00f6\u00f6 loogikat m\u00e4\u00e4ras master-juhtimisseade, mis juhtis sekundaarseid kontrollerite. <\/p>\n

Sekundaarsete kontrollerite vahel ei saanud teavet otse vahetada, poolteave toimus master-juhtimisseadmest l\u00e4bi. Selline mudel seadis juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrolli s\u00fcsteemide arengule olulised piirangud.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nArvutitehnika ja v\u00f5rguseadmete areng on m\u00f5jutanud s\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri, mille tulemusena on tekkinud multi-serveriga juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrolli s\u00fcsteemid. Muutused puudutasid tarkvara, kuid kontrollerid j\u00e4id muutumatuks, mis piiras s\u00fcsteemi arendamist ja laienemist. <\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n<\/p>\n

Sissejuhatus<\/h4>\n

\nMikroeletroonika areng on andnud seadmete tootjatele v\u00f5imaluse muuta p\u00e4\u00e4stes\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt. Varasem mudel on asendatud arhitektuuriga, kus kontrollerid saavad omavahel andmeid otse vahetada. <\/p>\n

Sellises mudelis v\u00f5is tarkvara paigaldada igal pool kohaliku v\u00f5rgu piires, integreerimine teiste turvas\u00fcsteemidega lihtsus, kasutades \u00fchte teabevahetuse keskkonda.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\nSee mudel t\u00f6\u00f6tab edukalt siiani, kuid praegune tehnoloogia areng v\u00f5imaldab ehitada s\u00fcsteeme t\u00e4iesti teistsuguse arhitektuuriga. On olemas lai valik f\u00fc\u00fcsilisi ja loogilisi variante s\u00fcsteemi komponentide vahelise suhtluse tagamiseks ning kasutajate ja s\u00fcsteemi vahelise interaktsiooni vahendite tagamiseks. Nende hulka kuuluvad konsoolirakendused, spetsialiseeritud kontrollerid graafilise liidese ja erinevate puldid, tahvelarvutid ja telefonid ning standardsete veebibrauserite kasutamine. Mikrokontrollerite v\u00f5imalused \u00fcletavad juba ammu esimeste p\u00e4\u00e4stes\u00fcsteemide kasutuses olnud arvutite ressursse. <\/p>\n

J\u00e4tkuv arendus SSKUD-i arhitektuuris<\/h4>\n

\nKontroller serverina<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

SKUD-server on vajalik, et \u00f5igesti teostada s\u00fcsteemi \u00e4ri-logiikat, salvestada kasutajate ja s\u00fcndmuste andmeid. 20 aastat tagasi suutis sellega toime tulla ka peamine kontroller. Alates sellest ajast on juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sus\u00fcsteemide n\u00f5uded oluliselt t\u00f5usnud, kuid kaasaegsete kontrollerite v\u00f5imalused \u00fcletavad 20 aasta taguste arvutite omadusi. <\/p>\n

S\u00fcsteemi server v\u00f5ib olla paigaldatud ka kontrollerisse, kui sellel on vastavad ressursid. Kontrollerite m\u00e4lus k\u00e4ivitav s\u00fcsteemi server omab m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rseid eeliseid. \u00dcks neist on s\u00fcsteemi lihtsus k\u00e4ivitamisel. <\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\n\u00dcks s\u00fcsteemi kontrolleritest m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse serveri (v\u00f5i masterina, nagu kunagi varem), kes saab juhised, milliste kontrolleritega ta t\u00f6\u00f6le hakkab. K\u00f5ik, s\u00fcsteem on valmis. Kaugobjektidega t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks antakse serveriks m\u00e4\u00e4ratud kontrollerile \"valge\" IP, mille teised kontrollerid saavad ja nad \u00fchendavad end iseseisvalt selle juurde. 1C integreerimiseks tuleb lihtsalt edastada programmile kontrolleri aadress. Numbrite tuvastamise s\u00fcsteemiga integreerimiseks tuleb n\u00e4idata p\u00e4\u00e4sme numbrina auto numbrit ja kaamera v\u00f5i s\u00fcsteemi IP-aadressi, mis suudab tuvastada autode numbreid.<\/p>\n

TUV as a service<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Teine oluline eelis on kasutajate mugavus. Tellijal ei pea enam m\u00f5tlema, millisel arvutil s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitada, kus see seisab ja kes seda teenindab. N\u00fc\u00fcd saab klient lihtsalt IP-aadressi, kasutajanime ja parooli \u2013 ning saab j\u00e4lgida t\u00f6\u00f6tajate distsipliini, m\u00e4\u00e4rata juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su\u00f5igusi ja v\u00e4ljastada k\u00fclalisp\u00e4\u00e4smeid igas sobivas brauseris. Piisab, kui osta p\u00f6\u00f6rded ja kontroller (v\u00f5i valmis lahendus \u2013 elektrooniline l\u00e4bip\u00e4\u00e4s) ja identifikaatorid. Ja s\u00fcsteem on valmis.<\/p>\n

T\u00fc\u00fcpiliselt vastab selline l\u00e4henemine t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva trendile, kus SKE (juhtimise ja kontrolli s\u00fcsteem) on teenusena. Tellija ei pea muretsema s\u00fcsteemi paigaldamise ja hooldamise p\u00e4rast, kuna k\u00f5ik see toimub kaugelt spetsialiseeritud isikute poolt. Siinkohal tekib paratamatult k\u00fcsimus kontrolleri reageerimiskiirusest ja tema v\u00f5imest t\u00f6\u00f6tada 10 000 kasutajaga ning 200 p\u00f6\u00f6rdlukuga? Praegu ei tundu see v\u00f5imalik, kuid andmebaasi saab paigutada pilve v\u00f5i eraldi serverisse. serveril<\/a>Aja jooksul kontrollerite v\u00f5imalused suurenevad ning eespool kirjeldatud s\u00fcsteemi saab rakendada isegi suurtesse ettev\u00f5tetesse, kus on suur hulk t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid ja k\u00e4iteseadmeid. <\/p>\n

Tulevik<\/h4>\n

\nStandardiseerimine kui trend<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

SKE arhitektuur p\u00f5hineb \"nutikatel\" kontrolleritel, mis suudavad iseseisvalt omavahel suhelda, omades mitmeid pea-kontrolle, mis toimivad serverina. Need suudavad ka \u00fchineda \u00fche (v\u00f5i mitme) serverite<\/a>) serveriga, mis tagab vajaliku suhtluse loogika.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\nTuru standardiseerimine peab olema toetatud k\u00f5igi turuosaliste poolt \u2013 mitte ainult suhtluse tasandil kontrolleriga, vaid ka s\u00fcsteemide omavahelise koost\u00f6\u00f6 tasandil. <\/p>\n

V\u00f5imalik, et \u00fchtse standardi v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tamine toimub kauges tulevikus. Kuid isegi kui seda ei juhtu, peavad REST API baasil suhtlemise standardiseerimine ja teabele ligip\u00e4\u00e4s l\u00e4bi brauseri toimuma v\u00f5imalikult kiiresti.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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