{"id":38564,"date":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:24:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:24:34","slug":"novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/novye-podhody-k-postroeniyu-skud-pri-ispolzovanii-web-tehnologij","title":{"rendered":"Uued l\u00e4henemisviisid juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrolli s\u00fcsteemide loomisel kasutades WEB-tehnoloogiaid","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tehnoloogia areng on oluliselt m\u00f5jutanud juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri. J\u00e4lgides selle arenguteed, saab ennustada, mis meie tulevikus ootab. <\/i><\/p>\n

Minevik<\/h4>\n

\nKauges minevikus olid arvutiv\u00f5rgud veel suur haruldus. Toona olid juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemid j\u00e4rgmise p\u00f5him\u00f5tte kohaselt: meistrikontroller haldas piiratud arvu alamkontrolle, samas kui arvuti toimis nende programmeerimise ja teabe n\u00e4itamise terminalina. T\u00f6\u00f6loogikat m\u00e4\u00e4ras meistrikontroller, kes juhtis teiseseid kontrollereid. <\/p>\n

Teised kontrollerid ei saanud omavahel otse teavet vahetada; vahetus toimus meistrikontrolleri kaudu. Selline mudel seadis juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemide arengule olulisi piiranguid.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nArvutitehnika ja v\u00f5rguseadmete arengud m\u00f5jutasid s\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri, mille tulemuseks olid mitme serveriga juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemid. Muutused puudutasid tarkvara, kuid kontrollerid j\u00e4id samaks, mis kehtestas piiranguid s\u00fcsteemi laiendamiseks ja arendamiseks. <\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n<\/p>\n

K\u00e4esolev<\/h4>\n

\nMikroelektroonika areng v\u00f5imaldas seadmete tootjatel t\u00e4ielikult muuta juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuri. Varasema mudeli asemel tuli arhitektuur, milles kontrollerid said omavahel otse andmeid jagada. <\/p>\n

Sellises mudelis v\u00f5is tarkvara olla paigaldatud \u00fcksk\u00f5ik kuhu kohaliku v\u00f5rgu piires, integreerimine teiste turvas\u00fcsteemidega lihtsustus \u00fchise teabevahetuskeskkonna kasutamise t\u00f5ttu.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\nSee mudel t\u00f6\u00f6tab edukalt ka t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval, kuid t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva tehnoloogia areng v\u00f5imaldab luua s\u00fcsteeme t\u00e4iesti erineva arhitektuuriga. On olemas lai valik f\u00fc\u00fcsilisi ja loogilisi variante s\u00fcsteemi komponentide vahelise \u00fchenduse tagamiseks ja kasutajate ning s\u00fcsteemi vahelise suhtluse vahendite tagamiseks. Nende hulka kuuluvad konsooli rakendused, spetsialiseeritud kontrollerid graafilise kasutajaliidese, erinevad juhtpuldid, tahvelarvutid ja telefonid, samuti standardsete veebibrauserite kasutamine. Mikroprotsessorite v\u00f5imalused \u00fcletavad juba mitmeid kordi esialgsetes juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemides kasutatavate arvutite ressursse. <\/p>\n

Edasiareng juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sukontrollis\u00fcsteemide arhitektuuris<\/h4>\n

\nKontroller serverina<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

SKUD-server on vajalik, et s\u00fcsteemi \u00e4ri- loogikat \u00f5igesti t\u00e4ita, salvestada teavet kasutajate ja s\u00fcndmuste kohta. 20 aastat tagasi piisab selleks ka meistrikontrollerist. Sellest ajast alates on juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sus\u00fcsteemide n\u00f5uded oluliselt kasvanud, kuid t\u00e4nap\u00e4eva kontrollerite v\u00f5imalused \u00fcletavad 20 aasta taguste arvutite v\u00f5imeid. <\/p>\n

S\u00fcsteemi server v\u00f5ib olla paigaldatud ka kontrollerisse, kui sellel on vastavad ressursid. Kontrollerite m\u00e4lus t\u00f6\u00f6tav s\u00fcsteemi server omab m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rseid eeliseid. Esimene neist on s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitamise lihtsus. <\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\n\u00dcks s\u00fcsteemi kontrolleritest m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse serveriks (v\u00f5i meistriks, nagu kunagi). Ta saab juhised, millega kontrolleritega ta t\u00f6\u00f6le hakkab. K\u00f5ik, s\u00fcsteem on valmis. Kaugobjektide t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks antakse kontrollerile, mis on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud serveriks, 'valge' IP, mis antakse teistele kontrolleritele ja nad \u00fchenduvad iseseisvalt selle juurde. 1C integreerimiseks tuleb programmile lihtsalt anda kontrolleri aadress. Numbrite tuvastamise s\u00fcsteemiga integreerimiseks tuleb registreerimiskaardi numbrina m\u00e4rkida autode number ja kaamera v\u00f5i s\u00fcsteemi IP-aadress, mis suudab autode numbreid tuvastada.<\/p>\n

SKUD teenusena<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Teine oluline eelis on kasutajate mugavus. Klient ei pea enam m\u00f5tlema, millisel arvutil s\u00fcsteem k\u00e4ivitada, kus see asub, ja kes seda hooldab. N\u00fc\u00fcd saab klient lihtsalt IP-aadressi, sisselogimise ja parooli \u2013 ja saab j\u00e4lgida t\u00f6\u00f6tajate distsipliini, m\u00e4\u00e4rata juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su\u00f5igusi ja anda k\u00fclalispasse mistahes mugavas brauseris. Piisab, kui osta p\u00f6\u00f6rd- ja kontroller (v\u00f5i valmis lahendus \u2013 elektrooniline l\u00e4bip\u00e4\u00e4s) ja identifikaatorid. Ja s\u00fcsteem on valmis.<\/p>\n

Selline l\u00e4henemine vastab maksimaalselt kaasaegsele trendile tajuda SKUD-i teenusena. Klient ei pea m\u00f5tlema s\u00fcsteemi paigaldamisele ja hooldamisele, seda teostavad k\u00f5ik kaugelt spetsialistid. Siinkohal tekib paratamatult k\u00fcsimus kontrolleri kiirusest ja v\u00f5imest t\u00f6\u00f6tada 10 000 kasutaja ja 200 p\u00f6\u00f6rdurega? Praegu ei tundu see v\u00f5imalik, kuid andmebaasi saab hostida pilves v\u00f5i eraldatud serveris. serveris<\/a>Aja jooksul kasvavad kontrollerite v\u00f5imalused ning eespool kirjeldatud s\u00fcsteemi saab rakendada isegi suurtes ettev\u00f5tetes, kus on palju t\u00f6\u00f6tajaid ja t\u00e4idesaatvaid seadmeid. <\/p>\n

Tulevik<\/h4>\n

\nStandardiseerimine kui trend<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

S\u00fcsteemide juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su kontrolli arhitektuur p\u00f5hineb \"intelligentsetel\" kontrolleritel, mis suhtlevad omavahel iseseisvalt, omades mitmeid peasi kontrollerite, mis t\u00e4idavad serveri rolli. Need saavad samuti \u00fchineda \u00fche (v\u00f5i mitme) \u00fchise serveri baasil, serverid<\/a>, mis tagab vajaliku suhtlemisloogika.<\/p>\n

\"Uued
\n
\nOn oluline, et protokollide standardiseerimist toetaksid k\u00f5ik turuosalised - mitte ainult kontrolleriga suhtlemise tasandil, vaid ka s\u00fcsteemide omavahelisel suhtlemisel. <\/p>\n

V\u00f5imalik, et ainulaadse standardi v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tamine teostatakse kauges tulevikus. Kuid isegi kui see ei juhtu, siis peaks REST API p\u00f5hine suhtlusteave ja juurdep\u00e4\u00e4s teabele l\u00e4bi brauseri olema teostatavad nii kiiresti kui v\u00f5imalik.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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