{"id":39116,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","slug":"ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","title":{"rendered":"NVME SSD kasutamine s\u00fcsteemidiskina vanade BIOS-idega arvutites ja Linuxi OS-is","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"NVME
\n
\n\u00d5ige seadistuse korral saab isegi vanadelt s\u00fcsteemidelt k\u00e4ivitada NVME SSD salvestusseadmest. Eeldatakse, et operatsioonis\u00fcsteem (OS) oskab kasutada NVME SSD-d. R\u00e4\u00e4gin otseselt OS-i k\u00e4ivitamisest, kuna olemasolevate NVME SSD draiveritega on SSD OS-is n\u00e4htav p\u00e4rast k\u00e4ivitamist ja seda saab kasutada. T\u00e4iendavat tarkvara (SO) Linuxi jaoks pole vajalik. BSD perekonna ja teiste Unixide puhul sobib see meetod t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt samuti.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nK\u00e4ivitamiseks m\u00f5nest salvestusseadmest peab esialgse laadimisprogrammi (POST) BIOS-is v\u00f5i EFI (UEFI) olema selle seadme draiverid. NVME SSD-d on suhteliselt uued seadmed v\u00f5rreldes BIOS-iga, ja vanade emaplaatide POST-firmware'is ei ole selliseid draivereid. EFI-s, mis ei toeta NVME SSD-d, saab lisada vastavat koodi, mis v\u00f5imaldab selle seadmega t\u00e4ielikku koost\u00f6\u00f6d - operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi saab installida ja selle k\u00e4ivitamine on v\u00f5imalik. Vanade s\u00fcsteemide puhul, kus on nn \"legacy BIOS\", on see keeruline. Siiski on v\u00f5imalik seda m\u00f6\u00f6da minna.<\/p>\n

Kuidas teha<\/h4>\n

\nKasutasin openSUSE Leap 15.1. Teiste Linuxi distributsioonide puhul on toimingud ligikaudu samad. <\/p>\n

1. Valmistame arvuti operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi installimiseks ette.
\nVajalik on arvuti v\u00f5i server, millel on vaba PCI-E 4x v\u00f5i pikem pesa, ei ole oluline, mis versioon, piisab isegi PCI-E 1.0-st. Loomulikult, mida uuem on PCI-E versioon, seda k\u00f5rgem on kiirus. Ja loomulikult NVME SSD koos M.2 - PCI-E 4x adapteriga.
\nSamuti on vajalik m\u00f5ni salvestusseade, mille maht on v\u00e4hemalt 300 MB ja mis on BIOS-is n\u00e4htav ning millelt saab OS-i k\u00e4ivitada. See v\u00f5ib olla HDD, mis on \u00fchendatud IDE, SATA, SCSI v\u00f5i SAS kaudu. V\u00f5i USB-m\u00e4lupulk v\u00f5i m\u00e4lukaart. Disketile ei mahu. CD-ROM ei sobi, on vajalik uuesti kirjutamine. DVD-RAM \u2014 ei oska \u00f6elda. Tinglikult nimetame seda seadet \"legacy BIOS salvestusseade\".<\/p>\n

2. Laadime Linuxi installimiseks (kas optilise ketta, k\u00e4ivitusm\u00e4lupulga vms kaudu).<\/p>\n

3. Ketaste jaotamisel paigutame OS-i olemasolevatele salvestusseadmetele:
\n3.1. Loome GRUB-i laadija jaoks partitsioon \"legacy BIOS-m\u00e4luseadmest\", mille suurus on 8 MB. Tahan m\u00e4rkida, et siin kasutatakse openSUSE-spetsiifikat \u2014 GRUB asub eraldi partitsioonil. OpenSUSE kasutab vaikimisi failis\u00fcsteemi (FS) BTRFS. Kui GRUB asub BTRFS-failis\u00fcsteemiga partitsioonil, ei k\u00e4ivitu s\u00fcsteem. Seet\u00f5ttu kasutatakse eraldi partitsiooni. Saate GRUB-i mujale paigutada, kui see k\u00e4ivitub.
\n3.2. P\u00e4rast GRUB-i partitsiooni loome partitsiooni osa s\u00fcsteemikaustast (\u201ejuur\u201c), nimelt \u201e\/boot\/\u201c, suurusega 300 MB.
\n3.3. \u00dclej\u00e4\u00e4nud osa \u2014 s\u00fcsteemikausta j\u00e4\u00e4k, swap-partitsioon, kasutaja partitsioon \u201e\/home\/\u201c (kui otsustasite selle luua) saab paigutada NVME SSD-le.<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast installimist k\u00e4ivitab s\u00fcsteem GRUB-i, mis laadib failid \/boot\/ist, seej\u00e4rel muutub NVME SSD k\u00e4ttesaadavaks ja seej\u00e4rel k\u00e4ivitub s\u00fcsteem NVME SSD-lt.
\nPraktikas sain m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rse kiiruskasvu.<\/p>\n

\u201eLegacy BIOS-m\u00e4luseadmest\u201c n\u00f5utav maht: 8 MB GRUB-i partitsiooniks \u2014 see on vaikimisi, ning kuskil 200 MB \/boot\/ jaoks. 300 MB v\u00f5tsin varuks. Tuumauuenduse (ja uute installimise) korral t\u00e4iendab Linux partitsiooni \/boot\/ uute failidega.<\/p>\n

Kiirus- ja hinnangud<\/h4>\n

\n128 GB NVME SSD hind \u2014 alates umbes 2000 r.
\nM.2 adapteri hind \u2014 PCI-E 4x \u2014 alates umbes 500 r.
\nM\u00fc\u00fcgisl on ka M.2 adapterid \u2014 PCI-E 16x neljale NVME SSD-le, hinnaga kuskil alates 3000 r. \u2014 kui kellelgi on seda vaja. <\/p>\n

Piirkiirused:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x umbes 3900 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x-seadmed saavutavad praktikas kiirus umbes 3500 MB\/s.
\nSaame eeldada, et saavutatud kiirus on selline:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x umbes 3500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x umbes 1800 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x umbes 900 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Miski, mis on kiirem kui SATA 600 MB\/s. SATA 600 MB\/s jaoks saavutatud kiirus on umbes 550 MB\/s.
\nSamuti v\u00f5ib vanadel emaplaatidel SATA-sisest kontrollijat kiirus olla mitte 600 MB\/s, vaid 300 MB\/s v\u00f5i 150 MB\/s. Siin sisejuht = SATA kontrollija, mis on integreeritud chipseti l\u00f5unasilma.<\/p>\n

Tahan m\u00e4rkida, et NVME SSD jaoks t\u00f6\u00f6tab NCQ, kuid vanadel sisemistel kontrollijatel seda ei pruugi olla.<\/p>\n

Teostasime arvutusi PCI-E 4x-le, kuid m\u00f5nel seadmel on PCI-E 2x buss. Seda piisab PCI-E 3.0 jaoks, kuid vanematest PCI-E standarditest \u2014 2.0 ja 1.0 \u2014 selliseid NVME SSD-sid on parem mitte v\u00f5tta. Samuti on m\u00e4lu kiipide kujul oleva m\u00e4lupuhvri omamine kiiremini kui ilma selleta.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4ielikust SATA-kontrollerist loobuda soovijatele soovitan kasutada Asmedia ASM 106x (1061 jne) kontrollerit, mis pakub kahte SATA 600 porti (sisemisi v\u00f5i v\u00e4liseid). See t\u00f6\u00f6tab \u00fcsna h\u00e4sti (p\u00e4rast firmware'i v\u00e4rskendamist), AHCI-re\u017eiimis toetab see NCQ-d. \u00dchendamine toimub PCI-E 2.0 1x bussiga.<\/p>\n

Tema maksimaalne kiirus:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB\/s
\nSaavutatav kiirus on j\u00e4rgmine:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Seda piisab \u00fchele SATA SSD-le v\u00f5i kahele HDD-le.<\/p>\n

Tuvastatud puudused<\/h4>\n

\n1. SMART parameetreid ei loeta NVMe SSD-de puhul, on olemas vaid \u00fcldised andmed tootja, seerianumbri jne kohta. V\u00f5imalik, et see on tingitud liiga vanast emaplaadist (mp). Oma etteexperimentide jaoks kasutasin ma k\u00f5ige vanemat mp, mille suutsin leida, nForce4 kiibit\u00fckiga.<\/a><\/noindex> 2. TRIM peaks t\u00f6\u00f6tama, kuid seda tuleb kontrollida. <\/p>\n

On veel muid v\u00f5imalusi: osta SAS kontroller PCI-E 4x v\u00f5i 8x pesaga (leidub ka 16x v\u00f5i 32x?). Kuid odavad mudelid toetavad SAS 600, kuid SATA 300, kallimad on kallimad ja aeglasemad kui eespool pakutud meetod.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h4>\n

\nM$ Windowsiga kasutamiseks saab installida t\u00e4iendavat tarkvara \u2014 k\u00e4ivitaja koos NVMe SSD-de sisseehitatud draiveritega.<\/p>\n

Vaata siit: <\/p>\n

www.win-raid.com\/t871f50-Guide-How-to-get-full-NVMe-support-for-all-Systems-with-an-AMI-UEFI-BIOS.html
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t3286f50-Guide-NVMe-boot-for-systems-with-legacy-BIOS-and-older-UEFI-DUET-REFIND.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nforum.overclockers.ua\/viewtopic.php?t=185732<\/a><\/noindex>
\npcportal.org\/forum\/51-9843-1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nmrlithium.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/how-to-boot-nvme-ssd-from-legacy-bios.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSoovitan lugejal ise hinnata, kas selline NVMe SSD rakendus on vajalik, v\u00f5i on parem osta uus emaplaat (+ protsessor + m\u00e4lu) koos olemasoleva M.2 PCI-E pesaga ja NVMe SSD toetusega EFI all k\u00e4ivitamiseks.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\ud83e\udd47 NVMe SSD kasutamine s\u00fcsteemi salvestusseadmestena vanade BIOS-ide ja Linuxi operatsioonis\u00fcsteemide arvutites | ProHoster
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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