{"id":39116,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:55","slug":"ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ispolzovanie-nvme-ssd-kak-sistemnogo-nakopitelya-na-kompyuterah-so-starym-bios-i-os-linux","title":{"rendered":"NVME SSD kasutamine s\u00fcsteemi salvestusena vana BIOS-i ja Linuxi ops\u00fcsteemiga arvutites","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"NVME
\n
\n\u00d5ige seadistuse korral on v\u00f5imalik vanematelt s\u00fcsteemidelt k\u00e4ivitada NVME SSD-kettalt. Eeldatakse, et operatsioonis\u00fcsteem (OS) toetab NVME SSD-d. R\u00e4\u00e4gin just OS-i k\u00e4ivitamisest, kuna olemasolevate OS-i draiveritega on NVME SSD s\u00fcsteemis n\u00e4htav p\u00e4rast k\u00e4ivitamist ning seda saab kasutada. T\u00e4iendavat tarkvara (SO) Linuxile ei ole vajalik. BSD ja muude Unixite perede OS-ide jaoks sobib t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt sama meetod.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nK\u00e4ivitamiseks m\u00f5nest kettaseadmest on vajalik, et alglaadimisse programm (BIOS v\u00f5i EFI\/UEFI) sisaldaks draivereid selle seadme jaoks. NVME SSD kettad on v\u00f5rreldes BIOS-iga \u00fcsna uued seadmed, ning vanade emaplaatide BIOS-i alglaadimisse pakettides selliseid draivereid ei ole. EFI-s, ilma NVME SSD toe, on v\u00f5imalik lisada vastav kood, mis teeb selle seadme t\u00e4ieliku kasutamise v\u00f5imalikuks \u2014 saate installida operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi ja k\u00e4ivitada selle. Vanemate s\u00fcsteemide puhul nn \u201elegacy BIOS\u201d korral ei \u00f5nnestu OS-i k\u00e4ivitamine selliselt, kuid seda on v\u00f5imalik m\u00f6\u00f6da minna.<\/p>\n

Kuidas teha<\/h4>\n

\nKasutasin openSUSE Leap 15.1. Teiste Linuxite puhul on toimingud ligikaudu samad. <\/p>\n

1. Valmistame arvuti operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi installimiseks ette.
\nVajalik on arvuti v\u00f5i server, millel on vaba PCI-E 4x pesa v\u00f5i pikem, versioonil pole t\u00e4htsust, piisab ka PCI-E 1.0-st. Muidugi, mida uuem on PCI-E versioon, seda suurem on kiirus. Ja samas NVME SSD koos M.2 \u2014 PCI-E 4x adapteriga.
\nSamuti on vajalik m\u00f5ni salvestusseade mahuga alates 300 MB, mis on BIOSis n\u00e4htav ja millelt saab OS-i k\u00e4ivitada. See v\u00f5ib olla HDD, mis on \u00fchendatud IDE, SATA, SCSI v\u00f5i SAS kaudu. V\u00f5i USB m\u00e4lupulk v\u00f5i m\u00e4lukaart. Disketti ei mahu. CD-ROM ei sobi, vajalik on kirjutatav. DVD-RAM \u2014 ei oska \u00f6elda. Nimeta seda asja tinglikult \"legacy BIOS salvestusseadmeks\".<\/p>\n

2. Laadime Linuxi installimiseks (optikadiskilt v\u00f5i k\u00e4ivitatavalt m\u00e4lupulgalt jne).<\/p>\n

3. Ketaste jagamisel jaotame OS-i olemasolevatele salvestusseadmetele:
\n3.1. Loome GRUBi laadijale osa \"legacy BIOS ketta\" alguses, mille suurus on 8 MB. Tahan m\u00e4rkida, et siin kasutatakse openSUSE erip\u00e4ra \u2014 GRUB eraldi osas. OpenSUSE kasutab vaikimisi failis\u00fcsteemi (FS) BTRFS. Kui paigutada GRUB BTRFS failis\u00fcsteemiga osasse, siis s\u00fcsteem ei k\u00e4ivitu. Seet\u00f5ttu kasutatakse eraldi osa. GRUB-i saab paigutada ka mujale, peaasi, et see k\u00e4ivituks.
\n3.2. P\u00e4rast GRUB-i osa loome osa s\u00fcsteemi kaustast (\"juurte\"), nimelt \"\/boot\/\" suurusega 300 MB.
\n3.3. J\u00e4\u00e4nud osa \u2014 s\u00fcsteemi kausta j\u00e4\u00e4k, swap osa, kasutaja \"\/home\/\" osa (kui otsustasite selle luua) saab paigutada NVME SSD-le.<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast installimist laadib s\u00fcsteem GRUB-i, mis laadib failid \/boot\/, p\u00e4rast mida NVME SSD on saadaval, seej\u00e4rel toimub s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitamine NVME SSD-lt.
\nPraktikas sain m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rset kiirendust.<\/p>\n

\"Legacy BIOS ketta\" mahtuvuse n\u00f5uded: 8 MB GRUB-i osale \u2014 see on vaikimisi, ja umbes 200 MB \/boot\/-le. 300 MB olen v\u00f5tnud varu eest. Tuuma v\u00e4rskendamisel (ja uute installimisel) t\u00e4idab Linux osa \/boot\/ uute failidega.<\/p>\n

Kiirus ja hind<\/h4>\n

\nNVME SSD 128 GB hind on umbes 2000 \u20ac.
\nM.2 adapteri hind \u2014 PCI-E 4x on umbes 500 \u20ac.
\nM\u00fc\u00fcgilt leiate ka M.2 adaptereid \u2014 PCI-E 16x neljale NVME SSD-le, hind umbes 3000 \u20ac \u2014 kui see on vajalik. <\/p>\n

Maksimaalsed kiirus:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x umbes 3900 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x 2000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x 1000 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x k\u00f5vakettad saavutavad praktikas kiirus umbes 3500 MB\/s.
\nSaab eeldada, et saavutatav kiirus on j\u00e4rgmine:
\nPCI-E 3.0 4x umbes 3500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 2.0 4x umbes 1800 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 4x umbes 900 MB\/s<\/p>\n

See on kiiremini kui SATA 600 MB\/s. Saavutatav kiirus SATA 600 MB\/s puhul on umbes 550 MB\/s.
\nSamuti, vanadel emaplautadel v\u00f5ib SATA kontrolleri kiirus olla mitte 600 MB\/s, vaid 300 MB\/s v\u00f5i 150 MB\/s. Siin t\u00e4hendab emaplaadi kontroller = SATA kontroller, mis on sisse ehitatud chipset'i l\u00f5unabis.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4htis on m\u00e4rkida, et NVME SSD-del t\u00f6\u00f6tab NCQ, kuid vanadel emaplaadi kontrolleritel ei pruugi seda olla.<\/p>\n

Olen arvutanud PCI-E 4x jaoks, kuid m\u00f5ned k\u00f5vakettad omavad PCI-E 2x buss. See on piisav PCI-E 3.0 jaoks, kuid vanemate standardite PCI-E \u2014 2.0 ja 1.0 \u2014 puhul on selliseid NVME SSD-sid parem mitte osta. Samuti on m\u00e4lupiiri kiibiga varustatud k\u00f5vaketas kiirem kui ilma selleta.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4ielikult SATA kontrollerist loobuda soovijatele soovitan kasutada Asmedia ASM 106x (1061 jne) kontrollerit, mis pakub kahte SATA 600 (sise- v\u00f5i v\u00e4lispinda) porti. See t\u00f6\u00f6tab \u00fcsna h\u00e4sti (p\u00e4rast tarkvara uuendamist), AHCI re\u017eiimis toetab see NCQ-d. \u00dchendatakse PCI-E 2.0 1x kaudu.<\/p>\n

Selle piirkiirus on:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 500 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 250 MB\/s
\nSaadaval kiirus on j\u00e4rgmine:
\nPCI-E 2.0 1x 460 MB\/s
\nPCI-E 1.0 1x 280 MB\/s<\/p>\n

Seda jagub \u00fche SATA SSD v\u00f5i kahe HDD jaoks.<\/p>\n

Tuvastatud puudused<\/h4>\n

\n1. Ei loeta SMART parameetreid<\/a><\/noindex> NVME SSD-dega, saadaval on ainult \u00fcldised andmed tootjast, seerianumbrist jne. V\u00f5imalik, et liiga vanade emaplaatide (mp) t\u00f5ttu. Otsisin oma inimsusevastaste katsete jaoks k\u00f5ige vanema emaplaadi, mille suutsin leida, nForce4 chipsetiga. <\/p>\n

2. TRIM peaks t\u00f6\u00f6tama, kuid seda tuleb kontrollida.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h4>\n

\nOn ka teisi v\u00f5imalusi: osta SAS kontroller PCI-E 4x v\u00f5i 8x pesaga (kas on \u00fcldse 16x v\u00f5i 32x?). Siiski, kui nad on odavad, toetavad nad SAS 600, kuid SATA 300, kallimad on aga kallimad ja aeglasemad kui eespool pakutud lahendus.<\/p>\n

M$ Windowsiga kasutamiseks saab installida t\u00e4iendavat tarkvara \u2014 k\u00e4ivitaja, millel on sisse ehitatud NVME SSD-driiverid. <\/p>\n

Vaata siit:
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t871f50-Guide-How-to-get-full-NVMe-support-for-all-Systems-with-an-AMI-UEFI-BIOS.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.win-raid.com\/t3286f50-Guide-NVMe-boot-for-systems-with-legacy-BIOS-and-older-UEFI-DUET-REFIND.html<\/a><\/noindex>
\nforum.overclockers.ua\/viewtopic.php?t=185732<\/a><\/noindex>
\npcportal.org\/forum\/51-9843-1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nmrlithium.blogspot.com\/2015\/12\/how-to-boot-nvme-ssd-from-legacy-bios.html<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pakun lugejat hindama, kas NVME SSD-i kasutamine on vajalik, v\u00f5i on parem osta uus emaplaat (+ protsessor + m\u00e4lu) koos M.2 PCI-E pesaga, mis toetab NVME SSD laadimist EFI-s.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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