{"id":39389,"date":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:31:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:31:46","slug":"kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-v-arduino-sozdavat-programmy-dlya-windows","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas luua Arduino programmid Windowsile","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKord tuli mulle p\u00e4he hull m\u00f5te tuua kokku 500 laserpunktijat \u00fchte kohta<\/a><\/noindex>. Ma kulutasin sellele palju aega ja tegin selle \u00e4ra. Tuli silmapaistev ja kasutu, aga mulle meeldis. Pool aastat tagasi tuli mulle veel \u00fcks hull m\u00f5te. Seekord ei olnud see \u00fcldse silmapaistev, aga palju kasulikum. Samuti kulutasin sellele palju aega. Ja selles artiklis esitan oma teise hullumeelse idee beetaversiooni.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNimetasime projekti Nanonyam ja isegi kujundasin logo (j\u00f5udsin joonistada lausa 5 minutit).<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nNeile, kes m\u00f5tlevad Arduino terminoloogias, v\u00f5ib \u00f6elda, et Nanonyam on virtuaalne Arduino shield Windowsi juhtimiseks.<\/p>\n

Teisis\u00f5nu, Nanonyam on virtuaalne masin, kus AVR mikrokontrolleri (soovitatav ATMEGA2560) p\u00fcsivara kasutatakse baitkoodina. Selles virtuaalses masinas on AVR tuuma simulaator, kuid selle asemel, et perifeersed seadmed asuksid SRAM aadressidel 0x0060 kuni 0x01FF, on seal spetsiaalne liides virtuaalsete funktsioonide jaoks (sealhulgas Windows API funktsioonid). On \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt oluline kohe selgeks teha, et Nanonyami jaoks kirjutatud kood ei tohi sisaldada mingeid viiteid nimetatud m\u00e4lu vahemikule, et mitte kogemata k\u00e4ivitada n\u00e4iteks failide kustutamise v\u00f5i ketta vormindamise funktsioone. \u00dclej\u00e4\u00e4nud SRAM m\u00e4lu vahemik aadressidel 0x0200 kuni 0xFFFF (mis on rohkem kui reaalses mikrokontrolleris) on kasutajale vabalt kasutamiseks. Tahan kohe m\u00e4rkida, et on olemas spetsiaalne kaitse reaalse mikrokontrolleri (v\u00f5i muu arhitektuuri p\u00fcsivara) juhusliku k\u00e4ivitamise eest: enne \u201eohtlike\u201c funktsioonide aktiveerimist tuleb kutsuda spetsiaalne keeruline virtuaalne funktsioon. On olemas ka muid kaitseelemente.<\/p>\n

Nanonyam-i jaoks programmide loomiseks tuleb kasutada spetsiaalseid teeke, kus on rakendatud k\u00f5ik praegu saadaval olevad virtuaalsed funktsioonid. Laadi alla Nanonyam-i virtuaalmasin ja selle teegid. siit<\/a><\/noindex>. Ja siin virtuaalsete funktsioonide kirjeldamise leht<\/a><\/noindex>. Jah, minu veebisait on v\u00e4ga primitiivne ja mitte mobiilseadmetele kohandatud.<\/p>\n

Nanonyam on tasuta koduseks ja kommertskasutuseks. Nanonyam'i programm antakse v\u00e4lja \u201enagu on\u201c tingimustel. Algkoodi ei jagata.<\/b><\/p>\n

Praegu on programm testimise faasis. Rakendatud on umbes 200 virtuaalset funktsiooni, mis v\u00f5imaldavad luua lihtsaid programme Windowsile.
\nSelgelt, et sellises virtuaalses masinas on keeruliste asjade loomine v\u00f5imatu, kuna koodile on ainult 256 kB m\u00e4lu. Andmeid saab salvestada eraldi failides, graafika osa vahemeri on rakendatud v\u00e4liselt. K\u00f5ik funktsioonid on lihtsustatud ja kohandatud 8-bitisele arhitektuurile.<\/p>\n

Mida on v\u00f5imalik Nanonyam'is teha? Olen v\u00e4lja m\u00f5elnud mitmeid \u00fclesandeid.<\/p>\n

Programmi plokkide t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine<\/h4>\n

\n\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 128×64 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f Nanonyam. \u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e OLED-\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nNanonyam (oma l\u00f5plikus kontseptsioonis) on hea t\u00f6\u00f6riist mikrokontrollerite tarkvarablokkide arendamiseks, kuna seal on graafikafunktsioonid (saab simuleerida ekraane ja indikaatoreid), failihaldus (v\u00f5ib teha logisid, lugeda testandmeid), klaviatuuri kasutamine (saab lugeda kuni 10 nuppu korraga), COM-portide kasutamine (siin on eraldi punkt).<\/p>\n

Kiirete programmide loomine<\/h4>\n

\nN\u00e4iteks peate kiiresti t\u00f6\u00f6tlema 100500 tekstifaili. Iga fail tuleb avada, veidi muuta m\u00f5ne lihtsa algoritmi j\u00e4rgi, salvestada ja sulgeda. Kui olete Python'i meister, siis on teil k\u00f5ik olemas. Kuid kui olete j\u00e4ik arduino kasutaja (nagu paljud meist), siis aitab Nanonyam teid selle \u00fclesande lahendamisel. See on minu teine eesm\u00e4rk Nanonyamis: lisada palju kasulikke funktsioone, nagu tekstide t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine, ekraanipiltide loomine v\u00f5i klahvivajutuste simuleerimine s\u00fcsteemis (need funktsioonid on juba olemas) ning palju muid funktsioone igap\u00e4evaste \u00fclesannete t\u00e4itmiseks.<\/p>\n

Riistvaratootjate testimine COM-pordi kaudu<\/h4>\n

\nNanonyam v\u00f5ib tegutseda teie algoritmi j\u00e4rgi t\u00f6\u00f6tava terminalina. V\u00f5ite joonistada v\u00e4ikese men\u00fc\u00fc seadme juhtimiseks ja kuvada portaali kaudu saadud andmeid. Andmeid on v\u00f5imalik salvestada ja faile lugeda anal\u00fc\u00fcsi jaoks. See on mugav t\u00f6\u00f6riist lihtsaks riistvara t\u00f5rkeotsinguks ja kalibreerimiseks, samuti lihtsate virtuaalsete kontrollpaneelide loomiseks seadme jaoks. \u00dcli\u00f5pilastele ja noortele teadlastele v\u00f5ib see projekt olla v\u00e4ga kasulik.<\/p>\n

Programmeermise koolitus<\/h4>\n

\nKuid nagu kogu Arduino projektis seisneb Nanonyami p\u00f5hiline kasulikkus funktsioonide, liidese ja laadija lihtsuses. Seet\u00f5ttu peaks see projekt huvitama algajaid programmeerijaid ja neid, kes on rahul Arduino tasemega. Muide, ma pole ise veel Arduino't detailselt uurinud, kuna olen alati kasutanud WinAVR-i v\u00f5i AVR Studio't ning alustasin assembleerimisest. Seega on allolev programm n\u00e4ide veidi vale, kuid t\u00e4iesti t\u00f6\u00f6tav.<\/p>\n

Tere, Habr!<\/h4>\n

\nOn aeg tutvuda m\u00f5ne Nanonyami funktsiooniga ja kirjutada lihtne programm. Kirjutame Arduino's, kuid mitte nii, nagu tavaliselt, vaid nii, nagu ma praegu oskan (ma juba mainisin, et ma pole selle keskkonnaga veel v\u00e4ga h\u00e4sti tuttav). Esiteks loome uue skeemi ja valime Mega2560 plaadi.<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nSalvestame skeemi faili ja kopeerime k\u00f5rval Nanonyami teegi<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00d5ige oleks lisada teekide pealkirjad, kuid ma ei tea, kuidas Arduino's eraldi failide kompileerimist kirjutada, seega lisame praegu teegid otse (ja k\u00f5ik korraga):<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>\n#include \"NanonyamnN_System_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Keyboard_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_File_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Math_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Text_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_Graphics_lib.c\"\n#include \"NanonyamnN_RS232_lib.c\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOlen juba m\u00f5elnud spetsiaalse mooduli loomisele \u201eNanonyam for Arduino\u201d, mille saab otse Arduino'sse installida. Kui ma sellega harjun, teen selle valmis, aga praegu n\u00e4itan lihtsalt, kuidas virtuaalne masin t\u00f6\u00f6tab. Kirjutame sellise koodi:<\/p>\n
\/\/\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435\nvoid setup() {\n  sys_Nanonyam();\/\/\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b\n  g_SetScreenSize(400,200);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u044f 400\u0445200 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a\n  sys_WindowSetText(\"Example\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\n  g_ConfigExternalFont(0,60,1,0,0,0,\"Arial\");\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0451\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442 Windows \u0432 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0\n  g_SetExternalFont(0);\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432 0 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\n  g_SetBackRGB(0,0,255);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439\n  g_SetTextRGB(255,255,0);\/\/\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0451\u043b\u0442\u044b\u0439\n  g_ClearAll();\/\/\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d (\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430)\n  g_DrawTextCenterX(0,400,70,\"Hello, Habr!\");\/\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\n  g_Update();\/\/\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\n}\n\n\/\/\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0451\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b\nvoid loop() {\n  sys_Delay(100);\/\/\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSelle programmi skeem on saadaval siit<\/a><\/noindex>. Funktsioonide \u00fcksikasjaliku kirjelduse leiate veebisaidilt<\/a><\/noindex>. Loodan, et selle koodi kommentaarid on piisavad, et m\u00f5ista p\u00f5hisisu. Siin funktsioon sys_Nanonyam()<\/b> teenib \u201eparooli\u201d rolli virtuaalsele masinale, mis eemaldab piirangud virtuaalsetele funktsioonidele. Ilma selle funktsioonita programm sulgeb end kolme sekundiga.<\/p>\n
Klickime nuppu \u201eKontrolli\u201d ja vigu ei tohiks olla.<\/p>\n
\"Kuidas
\n
\n\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0443). \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e «Skeem>>Ekspordib binaarfaili (CTRL+ALT+S)<\/i>«.<\/p>\n
\"Kuidas
\n
\nSellega kopeeritakse skeemi kausta kaks HEX-faili. Me v\u00f5tame ainult faili, millel ei ole eelnevat \u201ewith_bootloader.mega\u201d.<\/b><\/p>\n
On mitu viisi, kuidas m\u00e4\u00e4rata HEX-fail virtuaalsele masinale Nanonyam, k\u00f5ik need on kirjas sellel lehel<\/a><\/noindex>. Soovitan luua faili k\u00f5rval Nanonyam.exe<\/i> fail Nanonyam.path<\/i>, kus on kirjas t\u00e4ielik tee meie HEX-failini. P\u00e4rast seda saab alustada Nanonyam.exe<\/i>. Saame akna koos meie kirjutisega.<\/p>\n
\"Kuidas
\n
\nSamuti saab programme luua ka muudes keskkondades, nagu AVR Studio v\u00f5i WinAVR.<\/p>\n
Sellega l\u00f5petame tutvumise Nanonyamiga. Peamine idee peaks olema arusaadav. Veel n\u00e4iteid on veebisaidil<\/a><\/noindex>. Kui on piisavalt soovijaid selle projekti kasutamiseks, siis teen rohkem n\u00e4iteid ja j\u00e4tkan virtuaalsete funktsioonide raamatukogude \"t\u00e4iendamist\". Konkreetsed ideed projekti arendamiseks ja aruanded probleemide, t\u00f5rgete ja vigade kohta on teretulnud. Soovitatav on neid saata kontaktide kaudu, mis on toodud veebisaidil<\/a><\/noindex>. Arutelu on kommentarides teretulnud.<\/p>\n
K\u00f5igile t\u00e4nud t\u00e4helepanu eest ja edu programmeerimisel!
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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