{"id":39479,"date":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:33:41","slug":"5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","title":{"rendered":"5 kasulikku kasutusviisi Raspberry Pi-le","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tere, Habr.<\/p>\n

Raspberry Pi on ilmselt peaaegu iga\u00fche kodus olemas ning julgen v\u00e4ita, et paljudel see starib kasutuseta. Raspberry ei ole vaid v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslik komponent, vaid ka t\u00f5hus fanless-arvuti, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab Linuxil. T\u00e4na vaatame l\u00e4bi Raspberry Pi kasulikud v\u00f5imalused, mille kasutamiseks ei pea \u00fcldse keelt kirjutama.
\n\"5
\nNeile, keda huvitab, leiate \u00fcksikasjad p\u00e4rast l\u00f5iku. Artikkel on suunatud algajatele.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nM\u00e4rkus<\/i>: artikkel on suunatud algajatele, kuid kes omavad v\u00e4hemalt p\u00f5hiarusaamu IP-aadressist, kuidas Raspberry Pi-le SSH kaudu putty v\u00f5i m\u00f5ne muu terminali abil sisse logida ja kuidas faile redigeerida nano redaktoriga. Eksperimendi k\u00e4igus ei hakka ma seekord lugejat koormama Python'i koodiga, programmeerimist ei tule siin \u00fcldse. K\u00f5ik, mis j\u00e4rgneb, n\u00f5uab vaid k\u00e4surea kasutamist. Hinnates, kui n\u00f5utud see formaat on, j\u00e4lgin tekstihinnangute kaudu.<\/p>\n

Loomulikult ei k\u00e4sitle ma \u00fclikliske asju nagu FTP-server v\u00f5i v\u00f5rgufailide jagamine. Allpool olen p\u00fc\u00fcdnud v\u00e4lja tuua midagi veidi kasulikku ja originaalset.<\/p>\n

Enne kui hakkame midagi installima, on oluline n\u00f5uanne<\/b>: \u00f5ige toiteplokk (parem on kasutada originaali, mille voolutugevus on 2,5A, mitte anon\u00fc\u00fcmset telefoni laadijat) ja protsessori jahuti on Raspberry Pi stabiilse t\u00f6\u00f6 jaoks \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt olulised. Ilma nendeta v\u00f5ib Raspberry hanguda, esineda faili kopeerimise vigu jne. Nende vigade ohtlikkus seisneb selles, et need ilmnevad harva, n\u00e4iteks CPU tipukoormuse v\u00f5i suurte failide SD-kaardile kirjutamise hetkel.<\/p>\n

Enne komponentide installimist on soovitatav s\u00fcsteem uuendada, vastasel juhul ei pruugi apt k\u00e4su vanad aadressid t\u00f6\u00f6tada:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd v\u00f5ib alustada installimist ja seadistamist.<\/p>\n
1. WiFi ligip\u00e4\u00e4supunkt<\/h2>\n
\nRaspberry Pi on lihtne muuta juhtmevabaks ligip\u00e4\u00e4supunktiks, ning ei pea midagi juurde ostma, WiFi on juba \"laeva peal\" olemas. Selleks tuleb installida 2 komponenti: hostapd (Host access point daemon, ligip\u00e4\u00e4supunkti teenus) ja dnsmasq (DNS\/DHCP-server).<\/p>\n
Installeerime dnsmasq ja hostapd:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq hostapd<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSeame staatilise IP-aadressi, millel Raspberry Pi WiFi-v\u00f5rgus on. Selleks tuleb redigeerida fail dhcpcd.conf, sisestades k\u00e4su sudo nano \/etc\/dhcpcd.conf<\/i>. Faili tuleb lisada j\u00e4rgmised read:<\/p>\n
interface wlan0\n  static ip_address=198.51.100.100\/24\n  nohook wpa_supplicant\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNagu n\u00e4ha, on meie Raspberry Pi WiFi-v\u00f5rgus aadress 198.51.100.100 (see on oluline meeles pidada, kui seal t\u00f6\u00f6tab m\u00f5ni server, mille aadress tuleb brauserisse sisestada).<\/p>\n
J\u00e4rgmiseks peame aktiveerima IP edastamise, selleks t\u00e4idame k\u00e4su sudo nano \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/i> ja eemaldame kommentaari realt net.ipv4.ip_forward=1<\/i>.<\/p>\n
N\u00fc\u00fcd on vaja seadistada DHCP-server \u2014 see jagab IP-aadresse \u00fchendatud seadmetele. Sisestame k\u00e4su sudo nano \/etc\/dnsmasq.conf<\/i> ja lisame j\u00e4rgmised read:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndhcp-range=198.51.100.1,198.51.100.99,255.255.255.0,24h\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNagu n\u00e4ha, saavad \u00fchendatud seadmed IP-aadresse vahemikus 198.51.100.1\u2026 198.51.100.99.<\/p>\n
L\u00f5puks on aeg seadistada Wi-Fi. Redigeerime faili \/etc\/default\/hostapd<\/i> ja sisestame sinna rea DAEMON_CONF=»\/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf»<\/i>. N\u00fc\u00fcd redigeerime faili hostapd.conf, sisestades k\u00e4su sudo nano \/etc\/hostapd\/hostapd.conf<\/i>.
\nSisestame p\u00e4\u00e4supunkti seadistused:<\/p>\n
interface=wlan0\ndriver=nl80211\nssid=Raspberry Pi\nhw_mode=g\nchannel=7\nwmm_enabled=0\nmacaddr_acl=0\nauth_algs=1\nignore_broadcast_ssid=0\nwpa=2\nwpa_passphrase=12345678\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSiin on oluline p\u00f6\u00f6rata t\u00e4helepanu parameetritele \u201essid\u201d (juurdep\u00e4\u00e4supunkti nimi), \u201ewpa_passphrase\u201d (parool), \u201echannel\u201d (kanali numbrile) ja \u201ehw_mode\u201d (t\u00f6\u00f6re\u017eiim, a = IEEE 802.11a, 5 GHz, b = IEEE 802.11b, 2.4 GHz, g = IEEE 802.11g, 2.4 GHz). Kahjuks automaatset kanali valikut ei ole, seega tuleb valida k\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem h\u00f5ivatud WiFi kanali ise.<\/p>\n
Oluline<\/b>: selles testn\u00e4ites on parooliks 12345678, kuid reaalses juurdep\u00e4\u00e4supunktis tuleks kasutada midagi keerukamat. On olemas programme, mis teevad s\u00f5nastiku p\u00f5hjal paroolide r\u00fcndamist, ja lihtsa parooliga juurdep\u00e4\u00e4supunkti v\u00f5idakse murda. Kaasaegsete seaduste j\u00e4rgi v\u00f5ib interneti jagamine kolmandatele isikutele olla problemaatiline.<\/p>\n
K\u00f5ik on valmis, n\u00fc\u00fcd saab aktiveerida k\u00f5ik teenused. <\/p>\n
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd\nsudo systemctl enable hostapd\nsudo systemctl start hostapd\nsudo systemctl reload dnsmasq<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd peaksime juba n\u00e4gema uut WiFi juurdep\u00e4\u00e4supunkti v\u00f5rkude loendis. Kuid et sellele tekiks internet, tuleb aktiveerida paketivahetus Ethernetist WLAN-i, selleks sisestage k\u00e4sk sudo nano \/etc\/rc.local<\/i> ja lisame iptables seadistuse rea:<\/p>\n
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd on k\u00f5ik. Taask\u00e4ivitame Raspberry Pi ja kui k\u00f5ik on \u00f5igesti tehtud, n\u00e4eme juurdep\u00e4\u00e4supunkti ja saame sellele \u00fchenduda.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nNagu n\u00e4ha, pole kiirus sugugi halb ning sellise WiFi kasutamine on t\u00e4iesti v\u00f5imalik.<\/p>\n
Muide, v\u00e4ike n\u00f5uanne<\/b>: Raspberry Pi v\u00f5rgu nime saab muuta, k\u00e4ivitades k\u00e4su sudo raspi-config<\/i>. \u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e (\u0441\u044e\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437:) raspberrypi. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c «.local». \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 Raspberry Pi \u043f\u043e SSH \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 putty pi@raspberrypi.local<\/i>. Siinkohal on siiski \u00fcks n\u00fcanss: see t\u00f6\u00f6tab Windowsis ja Linuxis, kuid Androidis see ei toimi \u2014 seal tuleb IP-aadress ikka k\u00e4sitsi sisestada.<\/p>\n
2. Meedia server<\/h2>\n
\nRaspberry Pi-l v\u00f5ib meedia serveri loomiseks olla 1001 v\u00f5imalust, kuid vaatan vaid k\u00f5ige lihtsamat. Oletame, et meil on lemmik MP3-failide kogu ja tahame, et see oleks kohalikus v\u00f5rgus k\u00f5igile meedia seadmetele kergesti k\u00e4ttesaadav. Paigaldame Raspberry Pi-le MiniDLNA serveri, mis suudab selle meie eest \u00e4ra teha. <\/p>\n
Paigaldamiseks sisestame k\u00e4su sudo apt-get install minidlna<\/i>. P\u00e4rast seda tuleb seadistada konfiguratsioon, sisestades k\u00e4su sudo nano \/etc\/minidlna.conf<\/i>. Siia tuleb lisada vaid \u00fcks rida, mis n\u00e4itab meie failide teed: media_dir=\/home\/pi\/MP3<\/i> (tee v\u00f5ib loomulikult olla muu). Faili sulgedes taask\u00e4ivitame teenuse:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart minidlna<\/i><\/p>\n
Kui oleme k\u00f5ik \u00f5igesti teinud, saame valmi meedia serveri kohalikus v\u00f5rgus, mille kaudu saab kuulata muusikat l\u00e4bi lauaja WiFi-raadio v\u00f5i VLC-m\u00e4ngija Androidis:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nN\u00f5uanne<\/b>: faile Raspberry Pi-le \u00fcles laadida on v\u00e4ga mugav WinSCP-i abil \u2014 see programm v\u00f5imaldab t\u00f6\u00f6tada RPi kaustadega sama lihtsalt nagu kohalikega.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n<\/p>\n
3. SDR vastuv\u00f5tja<\/h2>\n
\nKui meil on RTL-SDR v\u00f5i SDRPlay vastuv\u00f5tja, saame seda kasutada Raspberry Pi peal GQRX v\u00f5i CubicSDR programmiga. See v\u00f5imaldab meil omada iseseisvat ja vaikset SDR-vastuv\u00f5tjat, mis suudab t\u00f6\u00f6tada isegi \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4evaringselt.<\/p>\n
Vabandan ekraani pildi kvaliteedi p\u00e4rast televiisori pealt:<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nRTL-SDR v\u00f5i SDRPlay abil on v\u00f5imalik vastu v\u00f5tta erinevaid raadiosignaale sagedusel kuni 1 GHz (isegi veidi \u00fcle). N\u00e4iteks saan kuulata mitte ainult tavap\u00e4rast FM-raadiot, vaid ka pilootide v\u00f5i teiste teenistuste vestlusi. Muide, raadioamat\u00f6\u00f6rid saavad Raspberry Pi abil t\u00e4iesti h\u00e4sti vastu v\u00f5tta, dekodeerida ja serverisse edastada signaale WSPR ja teiste digitaalsete re\u017eiimide<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
SDR-raadio p\u00f5hjalik k\u00e4sitlus ulatub kaugemale sellest artiklist, lisainfot saab lugeda. siit<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n
4. Nutika kodu server<\/h2>\n
\nNeile, kes soovivad oma kodu muuta nutikamaks, on saadaval tasuta programm OpenHAB. <\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nSee pole lihtsalt programm, vaid kogu raamistik, millel on erinevad pistikprogrammid ja skriptid, v\u00f5imaldades hallata erinevaid seadmeid (Z-Wave, Philips Hue jne). Huvi korral saab rohkem teada ametlikult veebisaidilt. https:\/\/www.openhab.org<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Muide, kuna jutuks tuli nutikas kodu, siis Raspberry Pi-l v\u00f5ib t\u00f6\u00f6tada ka MQTT-server, mida saavad kasutada erinevad kohalikud seadmed.<\/p>\n
5. Klient FlightRadar24 jaoks<\/h2>\n
\nKui armastate lennundust ning elate piirkonnas, kus FlightRadar katvus j\u00e4tab soovida, saate aidata kogukonda ja k\u00f5iki reisijaid, paigaldades vastuv\u00f5tja enda juurde. Selleks on vajalik vaid RTL-SDR vastuv\u00f5tja ja Raspberry Pi. Boonusena saad tasuta juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su FlightRadar24 Pro kontole.<\/p>\n
\"5
\n
\nP\u00f5hjalik juhend on juba avaldatud<\/a><\/noindex> Habr's.<\/p>\n
Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h2>\n
\nMuidugi on siin loetletud alles v\u00e4ike osa. Raspberry Pi omab head arvutusv\u00f5imet ja seda saab kasutada v\u00e4ga erinevates \u00fclesannetes, alates retro m\u00e4ngukonsoolidest v\u00f5i videovalvestusest kuni numberplaatide tuvastamise v\u00f5i isegi astronoomiateenusteni. k\u00f5ik-taeva kaamerad<\/a><\/noindex> meteooride j\u00e4lgimiseks. <\/p>\n
Muide, kirjutatu kehtib mitte ainult Raspberry Pi, vaid ka erinevate \"klonide\" (Asus Tinkerboard, Nano Pi jne) kohta; k\u00f5ik programmid t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt t\u00f6\u00f6tavad ka seal.<\/p>\n
Kui publikul on huvi (mis selgub artikli hindetest), saab teemat j\u00e4tkata. <\/p>\n
Ja nagu tavaliselt, soovin k\u00f5igile h\u00e4id katsetusi.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. Raspberry Pi \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0410 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c Raspberry \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 fanless-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441 Linux. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Raspberry Pi, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":39480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd475 kasulikku viisi Raspberry Pi kasutamiseks | ProHoster","description":"Tere, Habr. Raspberry Pi on kindlasti peaaegu igas kodus olemas ja julgen oletada, et paljudel see seisab lihtsalt niisama. Aga Raspberry ei ole mitte ainult v\u00e4\u00e4rtuslik keha, vaid ka \u00fcsna v\u00f5imas ventilaatorivaba arvuti Linuxiga. T\u00e4na vaatame Raspberry Pi kasulikke v\u00f5imalusi, mille jaoks koodit kirjutama ei pea.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/5-sposobov-poleznogo-ispolzovaniya-raspberry-pi","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd475 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Raspberry Pi | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. 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