{"id":53753,"date":"2019-12-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:01:41","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:01:41","slug":"nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/nastupaet-epoha-arm-serverov","title":{"rendered":"Kas algab ARM-serverite ajaj\u00e4rk?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kas<\/a><\/noindex>
\nSynQuacer E-Series emaplaadi 24-tuumalise ARM-serveri jaoks ARM Cortex A53 protsessoriga, millel on 32 GB m\u00e4lu, detsember 2018<\/a><\/noindex><\/i> <\/p>\n

Aastaid on ARM protsessorid, millel on l\u00fchendatud k\u00e4suhulk (RISC), domineerinud mobiilseadmete turul. Kuid nad pole suutnud murda andmekeskustesse, kus isiklikele protsessoritele Intel ja AMD oma x86 k\u00e4sukogudega endiselt valitsevad. Aeg-ajalt ilmuvad m\u00f5ned eksootilised lahendused, n\u00e4iteks 24-tuumaline ARM-server Banana Pi platvormil,<\/a><\/noindex>kuid t\u00f5siseid pakkumisi pole seni olnud. T\u00e4psemalt, ei olnud kuni selle n\u00e4dalani.<\/p>\n

Sel n\u00e4dalal k\u00e4ivitas AWS oma pilves enda 64-tuumalised ARM-protsessorid, Graviton2,<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0see on s\u00fcsteem \u00fches kristallis ARM Neoverse N1 tuumaga. Ettev\u00f5te v\u00e4idab, et Graviton2 on oma eelmistest ARM-protsessoritest EC2 A1 instantsides oluliselt kiirem, ning see on esimesed s\u00f5ltumatud testid.<\/a><\/noindex>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nInfrastruktuuri\u00e4ri t\u00e4hendab numbrite v\u00f5rdlemist. P\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt ei huvita andmekeskuse v\u00f5i pilveteenuse kliente, milline arhitektuur protsessoritel on. Neid huvitab hinna ja tootlikkuse suhe. Kui t\u00f6\u00f6 ARM-is on odavam kui x86-s, siis valitakse see. <\/p>\n

Kuni viimaseni ei olnud selge, et ARM-il p\u00f5hinevad arvutused oleksid odavamad kui x86-l. N\u00e4iteks 24-tuumaline ARM Cortex A53 server mudel, SocioNext SC2A11,<\/a><\/noindex> maksab umbes 1000 dollarit, mis suutis t\u00f5sta veebiserveri Ubuntu peal, kuid j\u00e4\u00e4b oluliselt maha x86 protsessoritest.<\/p>\n

Kuid ARM-protsessorite h\u00e4mmastav energiat\u00f5husus paneb neid ikka ja j\u00e4lle vaatama. N\u00e4iteks SocioNext SC2A11 tarbib vaid 5 W. Elektrienergia osakaal on peaaegu 20% andmekeskuse kuludest. Kui need kiibid n\u00e4itavad k\u00f5lbulikku j\u00f5udlust, siis ei j\u00e4\u00e4 x86-l enam v\u00f5imalusi.<\/p>\n

Esimene ARM-i tulemine: EC2 A1 instantsid<\/h2>\n

\n2018. aasta l\u00f5pus tutvustas AWS EC2 A1 instantsid<\/a><\/noindex> oma ARM-protsessoritel. See oli kindlasti signaal t\u00f6\u00f6stusele v\u00f5imalike muutuste kohta turul, kuid benchmarkide tulemused olid pettumust valmistavad.<\/p>\n

Allj\u00e4rgnevas tabelis on stressitesti tulemused<\/a><\/noindex> EC2 A1 (ARM) ja EC2 M5d.metal (x86) instantside kohta. Testimiseks kasutati t\u00f6\u00f6riista stress-ng.<\/code>:<\/p>\n

stress-ng --metrics-brief --cache 16 --icache 16 --matrix 16 --cpu 16 --memcpy 16 --qsort 16 --dentry 16 --timer 16 -t 1m<\/code><\/p>\n

Nagu n\u00e4ha, on A1 k\u00f5ikides testides, v\u00e4lja arvatud vahem\u00e4lu osas, madalamad tulemused. Enamikus teistes m\u00f5\u00f5dikutest j\u00e4i ARM v\u00e4ga maha. See j\u00f5udluse erinevus on suurem kui 46% hinnaerinevus A1 ja M5 vahel. Teisis\u00f5nu, x86-p\u00f5hised instantsid olid endiselt soodsamad hinna ja j\u00f5udluse suhte poolest:<\/p>\n

tuleb kasutada testimise eesm\u00e4rkide eelnevaks seadistamiseks v\u00f5i nende k\u00e4ttesaadavuse kontrollimiseks. Koormuse allikate keskkonda seadistama ei pea, need on eelnevalt loodud Docker-piltidena ja v\u00e4ljastatud docker registrisse: piisab, kui m\u00e4\u00e4rata vajalik versioon etapis Test. Kuid neid saab ka uuesti ehitada ja luua oma modifitseeritud pildid.
\nEC2 A1
\nEC2 M5d.metal
\nVahe<\/p>\n

cache
\n1280
\n311
\n311,58%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n18209
\n34368
\n-47,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

matrix
\n77932
\n252190
\n-69,10%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n9336
\n24077
\n-61,22%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n21085
\n111877
\n-81,15%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n522
\n728
\n-28,30%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n1389634
\n2770985
\n-49.85%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n4970125
\n15367075
\n-67,66%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nMuidugi, mikrobenshmarkid ei n\u00e4ita alati objektiivset pilti. Oluline on see, kuidas tegelik j\u00f5udlus rakenduses v\u00e4lja n\u00e4eb. Kuid ka siin oli pilt mitte parem. Scylla kolleegid v\u00f5rdlesid instantsse a1.metal ja m5.4xlarge sama protsessorite arvuga. Tavalises NoSQL andmebaasi lugemise testis \u00fche s\u00f5lmega n\u00e4itas esimene 102 000 lugemise operatsiooni sekundis, samas kui teine 610 000. M\u00f5lemal juhul kasutati k\u00f5iki saadaolevaid protsessoreid 100% ulatuses. See vastab umbes kuuekordsele j\u00f5udluse langusele, mida madalam hind ei kompenseeri.<\/p>\n

Lisaks t\u00f6\u00f6tavad A1 instantsid ainult EBS-il, ilma NVMe kiirete seadmete toeta, nagu teistes instantsides.<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5ttes on A1 seni t\u00f5usnud uude suunda, kuid ei ole ootusile vastanud ARM-ile.<\/p>\n

ARM-i teine tulek: EC2 M6 instantsid<\/h2>\n

\n\"Kas<\/p>\n

K\u00f5ik muutus sel n\u00e4dalal, kui AWS esitles uut ARM-serverite klassi ja mitu instantsi uutelt protsessoritelt Graviton2,<\/a><\/noindex>, sealhulgas M6g ja M6gd<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nende instantside v\u00f5rdlemine n\u00e4itab juba t\u00e4iesti teistsugust pilti. M\u00f5nedes testides n\u00e4itavad ARM end paremini, m\u00f5nes isegi tunduvalt paremini kui x86.<\/p>\n

Siin on tulemused sama stressitestimise k\u00e4su t\u00e4itmisest:<\/p>\n

tuleb kasutada testimise eesm\u00e4rkide eelnevaks seadistamiseks v\u00f5i nende k\u00e4ttesaadavuse kontrollimiseks. Koormuse allikate keskkonda seadistama ei pea, need on eelnevalt loodud Docker-piltidena ja v\u00e4ljastatud docker registrisse: piisab, kui m\u00e4\u00e4rata vajalik versioon etapis Test. Kuid neid saab ka uuesti ehitada ja luua oma modifitseeritud pildid.<\/strong>
\nEC2 M6g<\/strong>
\nEC2 M5d.metal<\/strong>
\nVahe<\/strong><\/p>\n

cache
\n218
\n311
\n-29,90%<\/strong><\/p>\n

icache
\n45887
\n34368
\n33,52%<\/strong><\/p>\n

matrix
\n453982
\n252190
\n80,02%<\/strong><\/p>\n

cpu
\n14694
\n24077
\n-38,97%<\/strong><\/p>\n

memcpy
\n134711
\n111877
\n20,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

qsort
\n943
\n728
\n29,53%<\/strong><\/p>\n

dentry
\n3088242
\n2770985
\n11,45%<\/strong><\/p>\n

timer
\n55515663
\n15367075
\n261,26%<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nSee on juba t\u00e4iesti teine asi: M6g on viis korda kiirem A1-st Scylla NoSQL andmebaasist lugemise operatsioonide t\u00e4itmisel, ja uusimates M6gd instantsides t\u00f6\u00f6tavad kiirete NVMe salvestusseadmed.<\/p>\n

ARM-i sissetung k\u00f5igis valdkondades<\/h2>\n

\nProtsessor AWS Graviton2 on vaid \u00fcks n\u00e4ide ARM-i kasutamisest andmekeskustes. Kuid signaalid tulevad eri suundadest. N\u00e4iteks 15. novembril 2019 t\u00f5i USA idufirma Nuvia kaasa $53 miljoni suurune riskikapitalifinantseerimine<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Idufirma on asutatud kolme tippprogrammeerija poolt, kes t\u00f6\u00f6tasid Apple'is ja Google'is protsessorite loomise kallal. Nad lubavad arendada andmekeskustele m\u00f5eldud protsessoreid, mis konkureerivad Inteliga ja AMD-ga.<\/p>\n

Ajal oleva info kohaselt<\/a><\/noindex>, Nuvia projekteeris nullist protsessorituuma, mis v\u00f5ib olla ehitatud ARM arhitektuuri 'peale', kuid ilma ARM-i litsentsi saamata.<\/p>\n

K\u00f5ik see viitab sellele, et ARM-protsessorid on valmis vallutama serveriturgu. L\u00f5ppude l\u00f5puks elame me post-PC ajastus. Aastased x86 tarned on langenud peaaegu 10% v\u00f5rreldes 2011. aasta tipuga, samas kui RISC-kiibid on t\u00f5usnud 20 miljardi juurde. T\u00e4na on 99% 32- ja 64-bitistest protsessoritest maailmas RISC.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcri auhinna laureaadid John Hennessy ja David Patterson avaldasid veebruaris 2019 artikli \u201eUus kuldaeg arvutitest\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Siin on, mida nad kirjutavad: <\/p>\n

Turg on lahendanud RISC ja CISC vaidluse. Kuigi CISC v\u00f5itis PC ajastu hilisemaid etappe, kuid RISC v\u00f5idab n\u00fc\u00fcd, kui on alanud post-PC ajastu. CISC-uusi ISA-d pole aastak\u00fcmnetes loodud. Meie \u00fcllatuseks kaldub \u00fcldine arvamus parimate ISA p\u00f5him\u00f5tete kohta \u00fcldotstarbeliste protsessorite osas t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval endiselt RISC-i poole, 35 aastat p\u00e4rast selle leidmist\u2026 Avatud l\u00e4htekoodiga \u00f6kos\u00fcsteemides n\u00e4itavad oskuslikult disainitud kiibid veenvalt saavutusi ja kiirendavad sellega kaubanduslikku kasutuselev\u00f5ttu. Nende kiipide \u00fcldotstarbeliste protsessorite filosoofia t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt tugineb ajaproovile vastu pidanud RISC-ile. Oodake sama kiiret innovatsiooni nagu eelneval kuldaajal, kuid seekord hindade, energia ja turvalisuse, mitte ainult j\u00f5udluse osas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u201eJ\u00e4rgmise k\u00fcmnendi jooksul toimub kambriumi plahvatus uute arvutiarhitektuuride k\u00e4ivitamisel, mis t\u00e4hendab p\u00f5nevaid aegu arvutiarhitektide jaoks nii akadeemilistes ringkondades kui ka t\u00f6\u00f6stuses,\u201c toovad nad v\u00e4lja artikli l\u00f5pus.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043dc\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 SynQuacer E-Series \u0434\u043b\u044f 24-\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ARM-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435 ARM Cortex A53 \u0441 32 \u0413\u0411 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b ARM \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (RISC) \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 Intel \u0438 AMD \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 x86. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Kas ARM-serverite ajastu on saabumas? 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