{"id":55018,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:05","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:05","slug":"linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/linus-torvalds-poyasnil-v-chyom-problemy-realizatsii-zfs-dlya-yadra-linux","title":{"rendered":"Linus Torvalds selgitas, milles on probleem ZFS teostamisel Linuxi tuumas.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Arutelude k\u00e4igus teste<\/a><\/noindex> \u00fclesannete planeerija, \u00fcks arutelu osaleja t\u00f5i v\u00e4lja n\u00e4ite sellest, et hoolimata v\u00e4idetest, et Linuxi tuuma arendamisel on vajalik s\u00e4ilitada \u00fchilduvus, rikkusid viimased muudatused tuumas korrektset t\u00f6\u00f6tlust mooduli «ZFS on Linux<\/a><\/noindex>«. Linus Torvalds , miks on vaikeseade just selline:<\/a><\/noindex>, et p\u00f5him\u00f5te «\u00e4ra riku<\/a><\/noindex> kasutajate<\/a><\/noindex>» seondub tuuma v\u00e4liste liideste s\u00e4ilitamisega, mida rakendused kasutavad kasutajaruumi, samuti tuuma enda osas. Kuid see ei h\u00f5lma eraldi arendatavaid kolmandate osapoolte kihtide kohta tuuma, mis pole tuuma p\u00f5hikoosseisu vastu v\u00f5etud, mille autorid peavad oma riski ja vastutuse all tuuma muudatusi j\u00e4lgima.<\/p>\n

Mis puutub projekti «ZFS on Linux», siis Linus ei soovitanud kasutada zfs moodulit, kuna CDDL ja GPLv2 litsentside vahel on \u00fchilduvusprobleem. Olukord on selline, et Oracle\u2019i litsentsipoliitika t\u00f5ttu on ZFS-i v\u00f5imalused kunagi tuuma p\u00f5hikoosseisu sattuda v\u00e4ga v\u00e4ikesed. Litsentside \u00fchilduvuse v\u00e4ltimiseks pakutud kihid, mis t\u00f5lgivad juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su tuuma funktsioonidele v\u00e4listele koodidele, on kahtlase v\u00e4\u00e4rtusega lahendus — juristid j\u00e4tkavad vaidlustamist<\/a><\/noindex> selle \u00fcle, kas GPL-i funktsioonide reeksporditamine tuumast \u00fcmberpakendamise kaudu toob kaasa tuletatud t\u00f6\u00f6 loomise, mida tuleb tarnida GPL-i litsentsi all.<\/p>\n

Ainus variant, mille puhul Linus oleks n\u00f5us ZFS-i koodi p\u00f5hituuma vastu v\u00f5tma, on saada Oracle'ilt ametlik luba, mille on allkirjastanud peajurist, v\u00f5i veelgi parem, Larry Ellison ise. Vahepealsed lahendused, nagu kihid tuuma ja ZFS-i koodi vahel, on vastuv\u00f5etamatud, arvestades Oracle'i agressiivset poliitikat tarkvaraliideste intellektuaalse omandi osas (n\u00e4iteks kohtuasi<\/a><\/noindex> Google'i vastu Java API kohta). Lisaks peab Linus ZFS-i kasutamist ainult moes j\u00e4rgmiseks, mitte tehnilisteks eelistuseks. V\u00f5rdlusuuringud, mida Linus on uurinud, ei kinnita ZFS-i kasuks, ja t\u00e4ieliku toe puudumine ei taga pikaajalist stabiilsust.<\/p>\n

Tuletame meelde, et ZFS-i kood on levitatud tasuta CDDL litsentsi alusel, mis on GPLv2-ga \u00fchilduv, mis ei v\u00f5imalda integreerida ZFS-i Linuxisse Linuxi tuuma p\u00f5hikoosseisu, kuna GPLv2 ja CDDL litsentside koodi segamine on vastuv\u00f5etamatu. Selle litsentside \u00fchilduvuse probleemi v\u00e4ltimiseks on projekt «ZFS on Linux» otsustanud levitada toodet t\u00e4ielikult CDDL litsentsi alusel eraldi laaditava moodulina, mis tarnitakse tuumast eraldi. <\/p>\n

Valmidus jagada valmis ZFS moodulit distributiivide koosseisus tekitab juristide seas vaidlusi. Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) juristid arvavad<\/a><\/noindex>, v\u00e4idavad, et binaarse mooduli pakkumine distributiivis moodustab koost\u00f6\u00f6lise GPL toodete kombinatsiooni, mis n\u00f5uab l\u00f5pliku t\u00f6\u00f6 levitamist GPL all. Canonicali juristid ei ole n\u00f5us<\/a><\/noindex> ja v\u00e4idavad, et ZFS mooduli pakkumine on lubatud, kui komponent antakse v\u00e4lja iseseisva moodulina, eraldi pakist, mis sisaldab kerneli. Canonical m\u00e4rgib, et distributiivid on juba ammu kasutanud sarnast l\u00e4henemist patenteeritud draiverite, nagu NVIDIA draiverite, pakkumiseks. <\/p>\n

Teine osapool vastab, et igasuguste patenteeritud draiverite \u00fchilduvuse probleem kerneli suhtes lahendatakse v\u00e4ikeses vahekihis, mis levitatakse GPL litsentsi all (kerneli laadib GPL litsentsiga moodul, mis seej\u00e4rel laadib patenteeritud komponente). ZFS-i jaoks saab sarnase vahekihiga valmistada ainult Oracle'i litsentsi erandite olemasolul. Oracle Linuxis lahendatakse GPLiga \u00fchilduvus Oracle'i litsentsi erandiga, mis vabastab kombinatsioonit\u00f6\u00f6 litsentsimise n\u00f5udest CDDL all, kuid see erand ei kehti teiste distributiivid jaoks. <\/p>\n

\u00dcks lahendus on pakkuda distributiivis ainult mooduli l\u00e4htekode, mis ei p\u00f5hjusta seondumist ja mida k\u00e4sitletakse kaht eraldi tootena. Debianis kasutatakse selle jaoks DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support) s\u00fcsteemi, kus moodul antakse v\u00e4lja l\u00e4htekoodina ja kogutakse kasutaja s\u00fcsteemis otse p\u00e4rast paketi installimist.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f «ZFS on Linux«. \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f «\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439» \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 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