{"id":55209,"date":"2020-01-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-14T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:18","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:18","slug":"it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/it-tehnicheskaya-storona-yahtinga","title":{"rendered":"IT tehnikapoolne k\u00fclg jahinduses","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V artiklis<\/a><\/noindex> \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044f \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0445\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b: «\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0451\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u044e».<\/p>\n

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P\u00fc\u00fcan r\u00e4\u00e4kida, milline elektrivarustus oli minu jahil ja kuidas see oli \u00fchendatud. Minu arvates on jahti p\u00f5hijaanus maksimaalne kaasaegsete tehnoloogiate kasutamine, mis on vajalik loodusj\u00f5udude \u00fcleelamiseks. Selliseks loodusj\u00f5uks on torm, tugev tuul, vihm, k\u00fclm, niiskus v\u00f5i k\u00f5ik see koos. Seet\u00f5ttu peab jaht v\u00e4ljast olema piisavalt tugev ja vastupidav, et loodusj\u00f5ududele vastu pidada, samas kui seest peab olema mugav inimese viibimiseks ja juhtimiseks ning \u00f5igeid otsuseid langetamiseks looduskatastroofide ajal.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"IT<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sellel fotol on n\u00e4ha masti tipp. Enne, kui mast paigaldatakse jahti, mis reeglina on juba vette lastud, installitakse k\u00f5ik vajalik masti ja mastisse maapinnal.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Masti sees rohkelt elektrijuhtmeid, mis viivad mastis asuvate navigatsioonitulede ja ankrisignaalide elektrienergiaga. Kui VHF-antenn on paigaldatud, on selle jaoks antennijuhe ja ilmajaama kaabel. Minu mastis olid ainult signaali- ja navigatsioonituli, samas kui VHF- ja GPS-antennid paiknesid jahti tagaosa peal. Masti paigaldatakse ka aktiivsed radarpeegeldid ja radarantenne koos vastava kaabliga.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Elektritoites\u00fcsteem<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Spray-hudi (minitent rubriigi sissek\u00e4igu kohal) v\u00f5i tagaosas olevatel konstruktsioonidel on k\u00f5ige sagedamini p\u00e4ikeseenergiapaneelid.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tagaosas, kokpiti istmete all asuvates hoidlates, asuvad akud. Viimastel aastatel on jahimeeste seas populaarsed lennunduse litiom-fosfaatakud (LiFePO4, LFP). Need on v\u00e4ga mahukad ja kerged. Seet\u00f5ttu on olemas p\u00e4ikeseenergiapaneelide kontroller ja akulaadimise kontroller. Samuti on olemas muundur, mis muudab 12-voldise laevav\u00f5rgu energia 19 voldiks, et \u00fchendada s\u00fclearvutit, ja sigaretis\u00fc\u00fctaja pistikud nagu autos.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ranniku toite s\u00fcsteem on varustatud 220 voldiga. See koosneb termokaitsetest, tavalistest pistikupesadest ja universaalsetest pistikute pikendustest, mis on k\u00f5ige populaarsemad jahisadamate toitev\u00f5rku \u00fchendamiseks (sadamas). Samuti on olemas tavaline elektriline akulaadija ranniku toitev\u00f5rgust.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u00fcsivale diiselgeneraatorile on tavaliselt paigaldatud elektrigeneraator. Vanematel mootorimudelitel on see konstruktiivselt \u00fchendatud mootori elektristarteriga.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

M\u00f5nikord paigaldatakse jahtidele tuulegeneraatorid, et katta pilvise ilma korral (p\u00e4ikesepaneelid on sellistes ilmastikutingimustes ebaefektiivsed) v\u00f5i generaatori rikke korral.<\/p>\n

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Navigeerimist abistavad t\u00f6\u00f6riistad<\/h2>\n

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Kapteni k\u00f5ige olulisem t\u00f6\u00f6riist on kalas\u00fcvendi m\u00f5\u00f5tja. See seade n\u00e4itab reaalajas vedelkristallkuval false keelest ja kummipaadist t\u00f5husat vahet kauguse kohta p\u00f5hja. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Doppleri akustiline h\u00fcdroakustiline logi v\u00f5i esivaatamiseks m\u00f5eldud echolot suudab kuvada mitte ainult paadi absoluutkiirus maapinna suhtes, vaid ka reljeefi ise\u00e4rasusi jahtide nina ees. See seade ei ole iga jahti peal. Eriti v\u00f5ib see n\u00e4idata kala, delfiine ja vaalu otse jahti all monitori ekraanil. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Vanematel jahtidel on tavaliselt elektrimehaaniline logi. Tegelikult on see lihtsalt propeller, mille p\u00f6\u00f6rdeid loetakse elektromagnetilise anduri abil.<\/p>\n

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Seal on magnetkompass koos elektrilise valgustusega.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ilmajaam, mis sisaldab lisaks muudele seadmetele anemomeetrit tuule kiirusen\u00e4itajaks. Jaam v\u00f5imaldab registreerida ka tuule suunda ja \u00f5hur\u00f5hku.<\/p>\n

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On veel \u00fcks h\u00e4daolukorra navigeerimisvahend t\u00e4he j\u00e4rgi \u2014 sekstant. Kuid seda oskab kasutada vaid v\u00e4ike hulk jahtide mehi. Kuna see seade asendab GPS-vastuv\u00f5ttu. Ja h\u00e4daolukorra sekstandi asemel v\u00f5etakse varu k\u00e4sitsi GPS, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab akudega. S\u00fclearvuti jaoks on vajalik USB GPS. Jahtidel ei ole GPSi kunagi liiga palju \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

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Radar on seade, mis n\u00e4itab takistusi vahemikus m\u00f5ni tuhat meetrit, kuid halva ilma ja vihmaga on selle n\u00e4htavus kehv. Samuti ei n\u00e4e see kokkup\u00f5rkevahendeid kalju v\u00f5i neemekanali taga. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Merel kasutatakse \u00fcha enam AIS-i. Automaatne identifitseerimisseade on digitaalne seade, mis vahetab raadiokanali kaudu laevade koordinaate ja kursse, kui need asuvad 3\u20134 miili raadiuses, s\u00f5ltuvalt saatjate v\u00f5imsusest. See seade ei kannata radarite puudusi, kuid ainult siis, kui k\u00f5ik vastas olevad jahtid on varustatud sarnaste seadmetega. Mida ei juhtu sugugi alati. Samuti saab kapten selle seadme v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitada.<\/p>\n

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Espot ja EPIRB (H\u00e4daolukordade Positsiooni N\u00e4itav Raadio M\u00e4rguanne) nagu ka satelliittelefon v\u00f5imaldavad edastada satelliitide kaudu mere kauguses jahtide asukoha teavet p\u00e4\u00e4ste keskusesse v\u00f5i lihtsalt internetti. jahti asukoha teenus<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

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Ja l\u00f5puks on v\u00e4ga t\u00f5hus vahend ookeanis koordinaatide ja ilmaennustuse saamiseks \u2013 VHF raadiojaam. Tuleb oodata n\u00e4htavusse m\u00f6\u00f6duva laeva ilmumist ja k\u00fcsida raadios vajalikku teavet. T\u00fc\u00fcpiliselt sisaldab see ilmaennustust l\u00e4hitulevikuks ja praegust koordinaati.<\/p>\n

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Ekstreemsituatsioonidest<\/h3>\n

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Kui laeva kronomeeter puudub v\u00f5i on katki, v\u00f5ib raadios k\u00fcsida ka t\u00e4pset aega. Kuid kui kellelgi on kaasa v\u00f5etud modernne ja laetud mobiiltelefon, siis sellist vajadust enam praktiliselt ei ole.<\/p>\n

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Veidi laeva kronomeetrist. T\u00fc\u00fcpiliselt on see mehhaanilised v\u00f5i kvartsikellad, mille t\u00e4psus on paigutatud veekindlasse klaasist ja vaskkonteinerisse. See on ette n\u00e4htud olukorraks, kui seade peaks ajutiselt vees viibima, juhuks kui, jumal hoidku, jaht p\u00f6\u00f6reb t\u00e4ielikult \u00fcmber oma pikitelje (overkill). Overkill ajal kaotavad kaasaegsed jahid tavaliselt mastid. <\/p>\n

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\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u0445\u0442\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0433. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u044f\u0445\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0447\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n

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\u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430 2000 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n

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\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u2014 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 Panasonic Toughpad FZ-M1 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0448\u0435\u0442 (Hugerock T-70S<\/a><\/noindex>). \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0418 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0445\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e OSS \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 OpenCPN<\/a><\/noindex> \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b. \u041b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434. \u0412\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u043e 10 \u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n

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\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0420\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u0439 4 \u0441 OpenCPN \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e- \u0438 \u043f\u044b\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0435<\/a><\/noindex> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435<\/a><\/noindex> aga radiaator, aku ja kondensaadi adsorbeerimise jaoks vajaliku materjali pead siiski lisama.) \u2014 100 eurot (v\u00f5i Olimex<\/a><\/noindex>, tal on aku \u00fchendamiseks pesa v\u00f5i Orange \u2014 v\u00e4ga odav). <\/p>\n

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Sarnane kaitstud (IP65 \/ NEMA4) monitor 200 eurot (saab kokku panna ka puutetundliku monitori, mis t\u00f6\u00f6taks veega<\/a><\/noindex> ekraanipinnal 145 euro eest + alused ja veekindel tihendusmaterjal). Veekindlad kaablid ja pistikud Hiinast \u2014 30 eurot.<\/p>\n

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3 p\u00e4eva ilmaennustus OpenCPN-i jaoks, kui on installitud plugin ja WiFi kaudu internetti \u00fchendatud, saab laadida ilma serveritest. Oluline on seda teha enne v\u00e4ljumist ja ainult ilmaennustuse ja teiste tegurite (jahti ja meeskonna valmisolek) p\u00f5hjal otsustada jahiga merre v\u00e4ljumise \u00fcle. See otsus, arvestades k\u00f5iki tegureid, m\u00f5jutab jahta ohutust ookeanis.<\/p>\n

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Samuti saab ehitada odava AIS vastuv\u00f5tja<\/a><\/noindex>, mis p\u00f5hineb digitaalset televisiooni vastuv\u00f5tu moodulil 20 euro eest (nimetatakse \"dongliteks\", \"viledeks\" habr.com\/post\/149702 habr.com\/post\/373465), kuid sellise seadme tundlikkus ja usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus v\u00f5ivad olla kahtlased. Parim on osta spetsialiseeritud seade.<\/p>\n

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Meie navigeerimisseadmestiku \u00fchendamine<\/h2>\n

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\"IT<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e «\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e» \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430) \u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e DB-9 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 USB cp2102 adapter<\/a><\/noindex>. Pange t\u00e4hele, et k\u00f5ik kaablid ja pistikud peavad olema veekindlad.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lihtne elektriline autopiloot<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"IT<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

See seade<\/a><\/noindex> on v\u00f5imalik otse\u00fchendada OpenCPN-iga nagu igasugune teine jahiseade. See hoiab kursi t\u00e4pselt teie plaani j\u00e4rgi, kuid peate j\u00e4rgima tuule muutumist. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Tuule muutumisel hoiatab teid ilmapost ja peate seadma purjed uuele kurssi.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dchest uuemast akust, mis on p\u00e4evas laaditud kahe p\u00e4ikesepaneeliga, t\u00f6\u00f6tab see seade umbes 8 tundi. See annab teile v\u00f5imaluse korralikult magada. Tormiga ei ole sellise klassi seade kahjuks piisavalt tugev jahtide juhtimiseks. Seet\u00f5ttu vajate kaass\u00f5itjat v\u00f5i peate paigaldama v\u00f5imsama h\u00fcdraulilise seadme. Alternatiivselt v\u00f5ite kasutada mehaanilist tuulejuhtimisseadet.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mikrolaineahi<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

See on v\u00e4ga kasulik seade jahtidel. Fakt on selles, et tormi ajal saab k\u00f5ik tundlikud elektroonikaseadmed (tahvelarvuti, mobiiltelefonid, s\u00fclearvuti) mikrolaineahi peita. See tagab teie navigeerimisseadmete ohutuse, kui \u00e4ikese ajal langeb v\u00e4lk mastile ja elektrit\u00fchjenemine voolab l\u00e4bi jahti.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lisaks saab sadamas, sadamakoha juures, \u00fchendades mikrolaineahju 220 voldise v\u00f5rku, toitu valmistada ja kiiresti tooteid sulatada.<\/p>\n

Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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