{"id":55712,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-26T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/tri-urovnya-avtomasshtabirovaniya-v-kubernetes-kak-ih-effektivno-ispolzovat"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:51","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:51","slug":"tri-urovnya-avtomasshtabirovaniya-v-kubernetes-kak-ih-effektivno-ispolzovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tri-urovnya-avtomasshtabirovaniya-v-kubernetes-kak-ih-effektivno-ispolzovat","title":{"rendered":"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/0b076d65db116cabdd1b4ae380d3777d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKubernetesi t\u00e4ielikuks valdamiseks on oluline tundma \u00f5ppida erinevaid klastrite ressursside skaleerimise meetodeid: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/speakerdeck.com\/thockin\/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-resource-scheduling-dot-dot-dot-almost\">s\u00fcsteemi arendajate s\u00f5nul,<\/a><\/noindex>on see \u00fcks Kubernetes'i peamisi \u00fclesandeid. Oleme koostanud k\u00f5rgetasemelise \u00fclevaate horisontaalsest ja vertikaalsest automaatse skaleerimisest ning klastrite suuruse muutmisest, samuti soovitusi nende t\u00f5husaks kasutamiseks.<\/p>\n<p>Artikkel <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.magalix.com\/blog\/kubernetes-autoscaling-101\">Kubernetesi Automaatne Skaleerimine 101: Klastri Automaatne Skaleerija, Horisontaalne Automaatne Skaleerija ja Vertikaalne Pod Automaatne Skaleerija<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00f5lkis meeskond, kes rakendas automaatset skaleerimist <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mcs.mail.ru\/containers\/\">Kubernetes aaS Mail.ru-lt<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Miks on oluline m\u00f5elda skaleerimisele <\/h2>\n<p>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/mcs.mail.ru\/blog\/kubernetes-for-much-stuff\">Kubernetes<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 ressursside haldamise ja orkestreerimise t\u00f6\u00f6riist. Loomulikult on tore katsetada v\u00f5imalusi juurutamiseks, j\u00e4lgimiseks ja pod'i haldamiseks (pod\u2019i moodul \u2014 konteinerite r\u00fchm, mida k\u00e4itatakse vastuseks p\u00e4ringule). <\/p>\n<p>Siiski tuleb m\u00f5elda ka j\u00e4rgmistele k\u00fcsimustele:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kuidas skaleerida mooduleid ja rakendusi?\n<\/li>\n<li>Kuidas hoida konteinereid t\u00f6\u00f6valmis ja t\u00f5husana?\n<\/li>\n<li>Kuidas reageerida pidevatele muudatustele koodis ja kasutajate koormustes?\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nKubernetes'i klastrite seadistamine ressursside ja j\u00f5udluse tasakaalu saavutamiseks v\u00f5ib olla keeruline \u00fclesanne ning see n\u00f5uab ekspertteadmisi Kubernetes'i sisemisest toimimisest. Teie rakenduste v\u00f5i teenuste koormus v\u00f5ib p\u00e4eva jooksul v\u00f5i isegi tunni jooksul k\u00f5ikuda, seega on tasakaalustamist parem pidada pidevaks protsessiks.<\/p>\n<h2>Kubernetes'i automaatse skaleerimise tasemed<\/h2>\n<p>\nT\u00f5hus automaatne skaleerimine n\u00f5uab koordineerimist kahe tasandi vahel: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler, HPA) \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Vertical Pod Autoscaler, VPA). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.\n<\/li>\n<li>Klastri tase, mida haldab klastrite automaatse skaleerimise s\u00fcsteem (Klastri Automaatne Skaleerija, CA), mis suurendab v\u00f5i v\u00e4hendab klastri sees olevate s\u00f5lmede arvu.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Horisontaalne automaatse skaleerimise moodul (HPA)<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, HPA \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/#support-for-custom-metrics\">kasutajate metrika p\u00f5hjal,<\/a><\/noindex>nende <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/#support-for-multiple-metrics\">kombinatsioonide<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00f5i isegi <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/kubernetes-engine\/docs\/tutorials\/external-metrics-autoscaling\">v\u00e4listest metrikatest.<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>HPA t\u00f6\u00f6 k\u00f5rgetasemeline skeem:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>HPA j\u00e4lgib pidevalt paigaldamisel m\u00e4\u00e4ratud meetrikaid, mille vaikeintervall on 30 sekundit.\n<\/li>\n<li>HPA proovib suurendada moodulite arvu, kui on saavutatud m\u00e4\u00e4ratud l\u00e4viv\u00e4\u00e4rtus.\n<\/li>\n<li>HPA v\u00e4rskendab koopiate arvu juurutamis-\/koopiajuhis.\n<\/li>\n<li>Juurutus-\/koopiajuhis seej\u00e4rel juurutab k\u00f5ik vajalikud t\u00e4iendavad moodulid.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e98534431712eb3303668446b0fe567b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>HPA k\u00e4ivitab moodulite juurutusprotsessi, kui meetrika l\u00e4viv\u00e4\u00e4rtus on saavutatud.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>HPA kasutamisel pidage meeles j\u00e4rgmist:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HPA vaikimisi kontrollimise vahemaa on 30 sekundit. See seadistatakse lipuga. <i>horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period<\/i> juhija s\u00fcstemaatikas.\n<\/li>\n<li>Vaikimisi suhteline viga on 10%.\n<\/li>\n<li>P\u00e4rast viime suurendamist HPA ootab meetrikate stabiliseerumist kolm minutit. See vahemaa seadistatakse lipuga. <i>horizontal-pod-autoscaler-upscale-delay<\/i>.\n<\/li>\n<li>P\u00e4rast viimast v\u00e4hendamist HPA ootab stabiliseerumist viie minuti jooksul. See vahemaa seadistatakse lipuga. <i>horizontal-pod-autoscaler-downscale-delay<\/i>.\n<\/li>\n<li>HPA t\u00f6\u00f6tab k\u00f5ige paremini juurutusobjektidega, mitte koopiamanipulaatoritega. Horisontaalne automaatne skaleerimine ei \u00fchildu j\u00e4rjestikuste uuendustega (rolling update), mis manipuleerib otseselt koopiamanipulaatoritega. Juhtumisel s\u00f5ltub koopiate arv otseselt juurutusobjektidest.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (VPA) \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435) \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f (stateful) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e (stateless), \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f stateful-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c VPA \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. <\/p>\n<p>VPA \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f OOM (out of memory, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 VPA \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/\">pods distribution budget, PDB<\/a><\/noindex>), et tagada minimaalne moodulite arv. <\/p>\n<p>Saate m\u00e4\u00e4rata iga mooduli jaoks minimaalsete ja maksimaalsete ressursihulkade. N\u00e4iteks saate piirata eraldatava m\u00e4lu maksimumi 8 GB. See on kasulik, kui praegused s\u00f5lmed ei suuda eraldada rohkem kui 8 GB m\u00e4lu konteinerile. \u00dcksikasjalikud spetsifikatsioonid ja toimimismehhanism on kirjeldatud <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/community\/blob\/master\/contributors\/design-proposals\/autoscaling\/vertical-pod-autoscaler.md\">ametlikus VPA wikil<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Lisaks on VPA-l huvitav soovituste funktsioon (VPA Recommender). See j\u00e4lgib moodulite ressursikasutust ja OOM-s\u00fcndmusi, et pakkuda uusi m\u00e4lu ja protsessori ajakavasid, tuginedes intelligentses algoritmil, mis arvestab ajaloolisi m\u00f5\u00f5dikuid. Seal on ka API, mis v\u00f5tab vastu pod'i deskriptiivi ja tagastab soovitatud ressursihinnad.<\/p>\n<p>Tasub m\u00e4rkida, et VPA Recommender ei j\u00e4lgi \u201epiirangu\u201d ressursse. See v\u00f5ib viia olukorrani, kus moodul monopoliseerib ressursid s\u00f5lmede sees. Parim on seada piirang tasemel nimespetsiifiliselt, et v\u00e4ltida tohutut m\u00e4lu v\u00f5i protsessorikasutust.<\/p>\n<p>VPA toimimise \u00fclevaade:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>VPA kontrollib pidevalt installimise ajal saadud m\u00f5\u00f5dikute v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi, vaikimisi 10-sekundiliste intervallidega.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kui saavutatakse m\u00e4\u00e4ratud l\u00e4vi, p\u00fc\u00fcab VPA muuta eraldatud ressursihulka.\n<\/li>\n<li>VPA uuendab ressursihulka juurutamise\/kopeerimise kontrolleris.\n<\/li>\n<li>Moodulite taask\u00e4ivitamisel rakendatakse k\u00f5ik uued ressursid loodud instantsidele.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/324702d5e36e9fcf45ced8b3f276db52.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>VPA lisab vajaliku hulk ressursse <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Arvestage VPA kasutamisel j\u00e4rgmiste punktidega:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 pod&#8217;\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432.\n<\/li>\n<li>VPA \u0438 HPA \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 pod&#8217;\u0430\u0445. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445.\n<\/li>\n<li>VPA kohandab konteinerite ressursik\u0161id seoses ainult nende varasema ja praeguse kasutamisega. Ta ei sea ressursikasutusele piire. V\u00f5ivad tekkida probleemid rakenduste ebakorrektses t\u00f6\u00f6tamises, mis hakkavad haarama \u00fcha rohkem ressursse, mis toob kaasa selle, et Kubernetes keelab antud podi.\n<\/li>\n<li>VPA on endiselt arenduse varases staadiumis. Ole valmis, et s\u00fcsteem v\u00f5ib l\u00e4hitulevikus m\u00f5ningaid muutusi kogeda. Saate lugeda <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/autoscaler\/tree\/master\/vertical-pod-autoscaler#known-limitations-of-the-alpha-version\">tuntud piirangutest<\/a><\/noindex> ja <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/kubernetes\/community\/blob\/master\/contributors\/design-proposals\/autoscaling\/vertical-pod-autoscaler.md#future-work\">arendusuplandest<\/a><\/noindex>. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 VPA \u0438 HPA, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 &#8216;requires VPA&#8217;).\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Kubernetes klastrite automaatm\u00f5\u00f5tmine<\/h2>\n<p>\nKlastri automaatm\u00f5\u00f5tmine (Cluster Autoscaler, CA) muudab s\u00f5lmede arvu, l\u00e4htudes ootel olevate podi moodulite arvust. S\u00fcsteem kontrollib regulaarselt, kas on ootavaid mooduleid \u2014 ja suurendab klastri mahtu, kui on vaja rohkem ressursse ja kui klaster ei \u00fcleta seatud piire. CA suhtleb pilveteenuse pakkujaga, k\u00fcsib temalt t\u00e4iendavaid s\u00f5lmi v\u00f5i vabastab inaktiivsed. CA esimene avalik versioon esitati Kubernetes 1.8.<\/p>\n<p>CA t\u00f6\u00f6 k\u00f5rgema taseme skeem:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>CA kontrollib iga 10 sekundi j\u00e4rel, kas ootel on mooduleid.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kui \u00fcks v\u00f5i mitu moodulit on ootel, kuna klastris ei ole piisavalt vabu ressursse nende jaotamiseks, \u00fcritab ta ette valmistada \u00fche v\u00f5i mitu t\u00e4iendavat s\u00f5lme.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kui pilveteenuse pakkuja eraldab vajaliku s\u00f5lme, liitub see klassiga ja on valmis teenindama podi mooduleid.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kubernetes'i planeerija jaotab ootel moodulid uuele s\u00f5lmele. Kui p\u00e4rast seda j\u00e4\u00e4vad m\u00f5ned moodulid ikka ootele, kordub protsess ja klastrisse lisatakse uusi s\u00f5lmi.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/2cd3c97f5d1b040b813940a4e804365e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Automaatne s\u00f5lmede jaotamine pilves<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kaasake j\u00e4rgmised punktid CA kasutamisel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CA tagab, et k\u00f5igil klastris olevatel moodulitel on k\u00e4ivitamiseks ruumi, s\u00f5ltumata protsessori koormuse tasemest. Lisaks \u00fcritab ta tagada, et klastris ei oleks ebavajalikke s\u00f5lmi.\n<\/li>\n<li>CA registreerib vajaduse skaleerimise j\u00e4rele umbes 30 sekundi p\u00e4rast.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kui s\u00f5lm enam ei ole vajalik, ootab CA vaikimisi 10 minutit, enne kui s\u00fcsteemi skaleerib.\n<\/li>\n<li>Automaatse skaleerimise s\u00fcsteemis on olemas laiendajad (expanders). Need on erinevad strateegiad, et valida s\u00f5lmede grupp, kuhu uusi s\u00f5lmi lisada.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kohustuste kohaselt rakendage valikut <i>cluster-autoscaler.kubernetes.io\/safe-to-evict (true)<\/i>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430.\n<\/li>\n<li>Kasutage <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/workloads\/pods\/disruptions\/\">PodDisruptionBudgets<\/a><\/noindex>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Kuidas Kubernetes'i automaatne skaleerimine omavahel suhtleb<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 (HPA\/VPA), \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>HPA \u0438\u043b\u0438 VPA \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432, CA \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\n<\/li>\n<li>CA eraldab uus s\u00f5lmed.\n<\/li>\n<li>Moodulid jaotatakse uutele s\u00f5lmedele.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kolm automaatse skaleerimise taset Kuberneteses: kuidas neid t\u00f5husalt kasutada\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/09379f30f349a235bb26a670ad0d0bfd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kubernetes'i skaleerimis\u00fcsteemide \u00fchisne s\u00fcsteem<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>T\u00fc\u00fcpilised vead Kubernetes'i automaatse skaleerimise puhul<\/h2>\n<p>\nOn mitmeid t\u00fc\u00fcpilisi probleeme, millega devops'id silmitsi seisavad, kui nad p\u00fc\u00fcavad automaatset skaleerimist rakendada.<\/p>\n<p>HPA ja VPA s\u00f5ltuvad m\u00f5\u00f5dikutest ja teatud ajalooandmetest. Kui ressursse on eraldatud liiga v\u00e4he, volditakse moodulid kokku ja nad ei suuda genereerida m\u00f5\u00f5dikuid. Sellisel juhul ei toimu automaatset skaleerimist kunagi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u2014 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>Ideaalne stsenaarium \u2014 4 minutit:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>30 sekundit. Sihtm\u00f5\u00f5dikute uuendamine: 30\u221260 sekundit.\n<\/li>\n<li>30 sekundit. HPA kontrollib m\u00f5\u00f5dikute v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi: 30 sekundit.\n<\/li>\n<li>Alla 2 sekundi. Pod moodulid loodud ja liiguvad ooteolekusse: 1 sekund.\n<\/li>\n<li>Alla 2 sekundi. CA n\u00e4eb ooteolekus mooduleid ja saadab kutsed s\u00f5lmede ettevalmistamiseks: 1 sekund.\n<\/li>\n<li>3 minutit. Pilveteenuse pakkuja eraldab s\u00f5lmed. K8s ootab, kuni need on valmis: kuni 10 minutit (s\u00f5ltub mitmest tegurist).\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nHalvim (reaalsem) stsenaarium \u2014 12 minutit:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>30 sekundit. Sihtm\u00e4rkide uuendamine.\n<\/li>\n<li>30 sekundit. HPA kontrollib m\u00f5\u00f5dikute v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi.\n<\/li>\n<li>Alla 2 sekundi. Pod-moodulid on loodud ja liiguvad ootere\u017eiimi.\n<\/li>\n<li>Alla 2 sekundi. CA n\u00e4eb ootere\u017eiimis mooduleid ja saadab s\u00f5lmede ettevalmistamiseks kutseid.\n<\/li>\n<li>10 minutit. Pilveteenuse pakkuja eraldab s\u00f5lmed. K8s ootab, kuni need on valmis. Ooteaeg s\u00f5ltub mitmest tegurist, n\u00e4iteks teenusepakkuja viivitusest, ops\u00fcsteemi viivitusest, abivahendite toimimisest.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 CA. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 Kubernetes, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 pod&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. <\/p>\n<h2>Kuidas hallata skaleerimist Kubernetes'is<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Kubernetes \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e pod&#8217;\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 Kubernetes.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0423\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c HPA \u0438 VPA.\n<\/li>\n<li>CA \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 pod&#8217;\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.\n<\/li>\n<li>Klastri optimaalseks seadistamiseks tuleb m\u00f5ista, kuidas erinevad skaleerimiss\u00fcsteemid koos t\u00f6\u00f6tavad.\n<\/li>\n<li>Skaleerimise aja hindamisel pidage meeles halvimat ja parimat stsenaariumi.\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Allikas: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/mailru\/blog\/484344\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Kubernetes \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 Kubernetes. \u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e Kubernetes Autoscaling 101: Cluster Autoscaler, Horizontal Autoscaler, and Vertical Pod Autoscaler \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, 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