{"id":55800,"date":"2020-01-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:57","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:57","slug":"ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/ekonomim-na-litsenziyah-mikrotik-chr","title":{"rendered":"Kitsime kokku Mikrotik CHR litsentside pealt","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Telegrami vestluses @router_os<\/a><\/noindex> N\u00e4en sageli k\u00fcsimusi selle kohta, kuidas s\u00e4\u00e4sta Mikrotiku litsentside ostmisel v\u00f5i kasutada RouterOS-i \u00fcldiselt tasuta. Ometi on olemas seaduslikud viisid.<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\n\"Kitsime
\n
\nSelles artiklis ei puuduta ma Mikrotiku riistvara litsentsimist, kuna tootmisel on neile installitud maksimaalne litsents, mida riistvara toetab.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kust tuli Mikrotik CHR?<\/h2>\n

\nMikrotik toodab erinevat t\u00fc\u00fcpi v\u00f5rku seadmeid ja paigaldab neile omaenda tootmise universaalse operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi - RouterOS. Sellel operatsioonis\u00fcsteemil on tohutu funktsionaalsus ja arusaadav haldusliides, ning seadmed, millele see paigaldatakse, on suhteliselt odavad, mis selgitab selle laialdast kasutamist.<\/p>\n

RouterOS-i kasutamiseks oma seadmetest v\u00e4ljaspool, t\u00f5i Mikrotik turule x86 versiooni, mida v\u00f5is paigaldada igale arvutile, andes vanale riistvarale uue elu. Kuid litsents oli seotud riistvara seadme numbritega, kuhu see paigaldati. Seega, kui HDD annab alla, v\u00f5is ka litsentsiga h\u00fcvasti j\u00e4tta...<\/p>\n

Litsentseerimine <\/a><\/noindex> seadme ja RouterOS x86-l on 6 taset ning see sisaldab hulgaliselt parameetreid:<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nx86 versioonil oli veel \u00fcks probleem - see ei olnud virtuaalmasinate h\u00fcperviisoritega just k\u00f5ige paremini \u00fchilduv. Kuid kui suuri koormusi ei oodata, siis oli see t\u00e4iesti kasutatav versioon.
\n\u00d5igustatud RouterOS x86 prooviversioon t\u00f6\u00f6tab t\u00e4isv\u00f5imsusel vaid 24 tundi ning tasuta versioonil on palju piiranguid. \u00dckski s\u00fcsteemiadministraator ei saa 24 tunni jooksul t\u00e4ielikult hinnata kogu RouterOS-i funktsionaalsust...<\/p>\n

Piraatide veebilehelt oli lihtne alla laadida virtuaalmashiini pilti, kus oli juba installitud RouterOS x86, muidugi koos oma viperustega, kuid mulle, n\u00e4iteks, sellest piisas.<\/p>\n

\"Kui sa ei suuda rahvahulka v\u00f5ita - juhi seda.\"<\/h2>\n

\nAja jooksul otsustas Mikrotiku ettev\u00f5tte oskuslik juhtimine, et piraatlust ei ole v\u00f5imalik peatada ja tuli teha nende operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi varastamine ebaefektiivseks. <\/p>\n

Nii tekkis k\u00f5rvalharu RouterOS-ist - \"Cloud Hosted Router\", tuntud ka kui CHR<\/a><\/noindex>. See this system is optimized for working on virtualization systems. The image can be downloaded for all common virtualization platforms: VHDX image, VMDK image, VDI image, OVA template, Raw disk image. The last virtual disk can be deployed on almost any platform. <\/p>\n

The licensing system has also changed:<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

The limitation only applies to network port speeds. In the free version, it is 1 Mbps, which is enough to create virtual stands (for example, on EVE-NG<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

The paid version on the official website is quite expensive, but it can be bought a bit cheaper from official dealers:<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nAnd if you are satisfied with a speed of 1 Gbps on the ports, then the P1 license will be enough for you:
\n\"Kitsime
\n
\nWhat is CHR needed for? My examples.<\/b>I often hear the question: why is this virtual router needed? Here are a couple of examples of how I personally use it. Please do not start debates about these solutions, as they are not the topic of this article. This is just an example of application.<\/p>\n

Central router for connecting offices<\/h4>\n

\n\"Kitsime
\n
\nSometimes it is necessary to connect several offices into one network. There is no office with a fat internet channel and a white IP. Perhaps everyone is on Yota, or there is a 5 Mbps channel. Moreover, the provider might filter out certain protocols. For example, I noticed that L2TP through the St. Petersburg provider 'Komfortel' just won't connect\u2026 <\/p>\n

In this case, I set up CHR in a data center where they provide a stable high-capacity channel for a VDS (of course, I tested it from all offices). The network very rarely completely drops, unlike 'office' providers. <\/p>\n

All offices and users connect to CHR via the VPN protocol that is most optimal for them. For example, mobile users (Android, iOS) feel great on IPSec Xauth.<\/p>\n

At the same time, if there is a database of several dozen gigabytes that needs to be synchronized between office 1 and office 2, then the user watching the cameras at the site will not notice it, as the speed will be limited by the bandwidth of the endpoint device, not the CHR channel. <\/p>\n

Gateway for hypervisor<\/h4>\n

\n\"Kitsime
\n
\nBy renting a small number of servers in a data center for several tasks, I use VMWare ESXi virtualization (any other can be used, the principle does not change), which allows for flexible management of the available resources and their distribution across services launched in guest systems.<\/p>\n

Ma usaldan v\u00f5rguhalduse ja turvalisuse osas CHR-le kui t\u00e4ie\u00f5iguslikule ruuterile, mille kaudu juhin kogu v\u00f5rguaktiivsust nii konteinerite kui ka v\u00e4lise v\u00f5rgu osas. <\/p>\n

Muide, p\u00e4rast ESXi installimist ei ole f\u00fc\u00fcsilisel serveril valget ipv4. Maksimum, mis v\u00f5ib ilmuda, on ipv6 aadress. Sellises olukorras h\u00fcperviisori leidmine tavalise skanneriga ja \"uusest haavatavusest\" \u00e4ra kasutamine on lihtsalt mitte-reaalne.<\/p>\n

Teine elu vanale PC-le<\/h4>\n

\nTundub, et olen seda juba \u00f6elnud :-). Ostmata kallist ruuterit saab ikka vanal PC-l \u00fcles t\u00f5sta CHR.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4ie\u00f5iguslik CHR tasuta<\/h2>\n

\nTihti kohtan, et tasuta CHR otsitakse, et t\u00f5sta \u00fcles proxy v\u00e4lismaist VDS hostimist. Ja 10 000 rubla litsentsi eest oma palgast maksta ei taheta.
\nHarvem, aga esinevad: \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt ahned juhid, kes sunnivad administraatoreid ehitama infrastruktuuri pr\u00fcgist ja pulkadest.<\/p>\n

60 p\u00e4eva prooviversioon<\/h3>\n

\nCHR-i ilmumisega on prooviversioon pikenend 24 tunnist 60 p\u00e4evani! Selle pakkumise kohustuslikuks tingimuseks on installatsiooni autoriseerimine sama kasutajanime ja parooliga, mis teil on mikrotik.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nSelle installatsiooni teave ilmub teie kontole veebilehel:
\n\"Kitsime
\n<\/p>\n

Aga prooviversioon l\u00f5peb? Mis edasi???<\/h4>\n

Aga mitte midagi! <\/p>\n

Portid t\u00f6\u00f6tavad t\u00e4isv\u00f5imsusel ja k\u00f5ik funktsioonid j\u00e4tkavad t\u00f6\u00f6d\u2026<\/p>\n

Ainult tarkvara uuendusi ei saa, mis paljudele ei ole kriitiline. Kui seadistamisel piisavalt t\u00e4helepanu turvalisusele p\u00f6\u00f6rata, siis ei pea sellele isegi aastaid ligip\u00e4\u00e4sma. Millele tuleb erilist t\u00e4helepanu p\u00f6\u00f6rata, kirjutasin ma selles artiklis habr.com\/ru\/post\/359038<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Aga kui ikkagi on vaja tarkvara uuendada p\u00e4rast prooviversiooni l\u00f5ppemist?<\/h4>\n

\nKustutame prooviversiooni j\u00e4rgmisel viisil:<\/p>\n

1. Teeme varukoopia.<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\n2. V\u00f5tame selle endaga kaasa arvutisse.<\/p>\n

3. Uuesti installime CHR VDS-le t\u00e4ielikult.<\/p>\n

4. Autoriseerime end <\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nNii ilmub Mikrotiki veebikontole teave veel \u00fche CHR installatsiooni kohta<\/p>\n

5. Taastame varukoopia.<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nSeaded on taastatud ja j\u00e4lle on 60 p\u00e4eva varuks! <\/p>\n

Ei ole vaja uuesti installida<\/h4>\n

\nKujutame ette, et teil on sada poode, kus ruuterina kasutatakse vana PC-d CHR-iga. Te j\u00e4lgite CVE-d ja \u00fcritate kiiresti reageerida avastatud haavatavustele.
\nIga kahe kuu tagant CHR-i uuesti installerida k\u00f5igis asutustes \u2014 rumal ressursi raiskamine administraatori jaoks.<\/p>\n

Kuid on olemas viis, kus on v\u00e4hemalt \u00fcks ostetud CHR P1 litsents vajalik. 2000 rubla v\u00f5ib leida sisuliselt iga ettev\u00f5te, ja kui ei suuda, siis tasub sealt \u00e4ra joosta ^_^.<\/p>\n

Idee on edastada litsents seadme pealt seadmele legaalselt Mikrotik.com isiklikus kontos!<\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nValime v\u00e4lja \u201eSystem ID\u201d, mida meie ruuter vajab. <\/p>\n

\"Kitsime
\n
\nJa vajutame \u201eTransfer subscription\u201d.<\/p>\n

Litsents on \u201eliikunud\u201d uuele seadmele, ja vana seade, mis litsentsist ilma j\u00e4i, sai ilma igasuguste uuesti installimisteta ja t\u00e4iendavate tegevusteta uue 60-p\u00e4evase prooviversiooni!<\/p>\n

Ehk siis, omades vaid \u00fchte litsentsi, on v\u00f5imalik hallata suurt CHR parki!<\/p>\n

Miks on Mikrotik oma litsentsipoliitikat nii leevendanud?<\/h2>\n

\nCHR kergesti k\u00e4tte saadavuse kaudu on Mikrotik loonud tohutu kogukonna oma toodete \u00fcmber. Armee spetsialiste ja entusiastest testivad nende toodet, teevad aruandeid avastatud vigadest, genereerivad teadmistebaasi erinevate juhtumite kohta jne, k\u00e4itudes nagu edukas avatud l\u00e4htekoodiga projekt.<\/p>\n

Seega ei kogune mitte lihtsalt kaootilisi teadmisi virtuaalses keskkonnas, vaid valmistatakse ette spetsialiste, kellel on piisavalt kogemusi konkreetse s\u00fcsteemi t\u00f6\u00f6ga ja seega, kes eelistavad konkreetse tootja seadmeid. Ja ettev\u00f5tete juhid kalduvad kuulama neid spetsialiste, kes nende juures t\u00f6\u00f6tavad. <\/p>\n

Midailotka<\/b>on kergesti k\u00e4tte saadavad koolitused ja korraldatavad MUM konverentsid! Spetsialiseeritud kogukonnas Telegram-is @router_os<\/a><\/noindex> on hetkel \u00fcle 3000 inimese, kus spetsialistid arutavad erinevate \u00fclesannete lahendusi. Kuid need on teemad eraldi artiklite jaoks. <\/p>\n

Nii et Mikrotik'i peamine tulu tuleb seadmete m\u00fc\u00fcgist, mitte litsentsidest hinnaga 45 dollarit.<\/p>\n

Siin ja praegu n\u00e4eme kiiret IT hiidi kasvu, mis tekkis suhteliselt hiljuti \u2014 1997. aastal L\u00e4tis.<\/p>\n

Ma ei imestaks, kui viie aasta p\u00e4rast teataks, et D-Link turule toob uue ruuteri, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab Mikrotik RouterOS-i all. Sarnaseid olukordi on ajaloos olnud korduvalt. M\u00f5elgem n\u00e4iteks, kui Apple loobus oma PowerPC-st Intel'i protsessorite kasuks.<\/p>\n

Loodan, et see artikkel hajutas osa teie kahtlustest Mikrotik\u2019i toodete kasutamise osas.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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