{"id":55884,"date":"2020-01-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:04:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:04:03","slug":"znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/znakomstvo-s-wal-g-sistemoj-bekapirovaniya-postgresql","title":{"rendered":"Tutvumine wal-g PostgreSQL varundamiss\u00fcsteemiga","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

WAL-G<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 lihtne ja t\u00f5hus t\u00f6\u00f6riist PostgreSQL-i varundamiseks pilves. Oma p\u00f5hifunktsionaalsuses on see populaarse t\u00f6\u00f6riista, WAL-E<\/a><\/noindex>rewritten in Go. WAL-G-l on aga \u00fcks oluline uus omadus \u2014 delta-kopiad. Delta-kopiad WAL-G<\/a><\/noindex> salvestavad faililehe, mis on muutunud alates eelmisest varukoopiast. WAL-G-s on rakendatud \u00fcsna palju tehnoloogiaid varundamiste korrastamiseks. WAL-G t\u00f6\u00f6tab palju kiiremini kui WAL-E.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

WAL-G t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5tete kohta saate lugeda artiklis: Kiirus b\u00e4kapped. Yandexi loeng<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S3 salvestusprotokoll on muutunud populaarseks andmete salvestamiseks. \u00dcks S3 eeliseid on API kaudu juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su v\u00f5imaldamine, mis v\u00f5imaldab paindlikku suhtlemist salvestusega, sealhulgas avalikku lugemise juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su, samal ajal kui teabe uuendamine salvestuses toimub vaid volitatud isikute poolt.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

On olemas mitmeid nii avatud kui ka erasektori rakendusi, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tavad S3 protokolli alusel. T\u00e4na vaatleme populaarset lahendust v\u00e4ikeste salvestuste korraldamiseks \u2014 Minio.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Wal-g testimiseks sobib \u00fcks PostgreSQL server ja S3 asemel kasutatakse Minio.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Minio server<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Minio installimine<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

yum -y install yum-plugin-copr\nyum copr enable -y lkiesow\/minio\nyum install -y minio<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Muuda AccessKey ja SecretKey failis \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
vi \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Kui te ei kasuta nginx'i Minio ees, on vajalik muuta<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
--address 127.0.0.1:9000<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
--address 0.0.0.0:9000<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame Minio<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start minio<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Siseneme Minio veebiliidesesse http:\/\/ip-aadress-serverist-minio:9000<\/a><\/noindex> ja loome \u00e4mber (n\u00e4iteks pg-backups).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Andmebaasi server<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
WAL-G rpm pakin mina (Anton Patsev). Github<\/a><\/noindex>, Fedora COPR<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kellel pole RPM-p\u00f5hist s\u00fcsteemi, kasutage ametlikku juhendit<\/a><\/noindex> paigaldusjuhendit.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Koos wal-g binaarfailiga rpm-is kaasnevad skriptid, mis impordivad muutujad failist \/etc\/wal-g.d\/server-s3.conf.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
backup-fetch.sh\nbackup-list.sh\nbackup-push.sh\nwal-fetch.sh\nwal-g-run.sh\nwal-push.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Paigaldame wal-g.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr\nyum copr enable -y antonpatsev\/wal-g\nyum install -y wal-g<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Kontrollime wal-g versiooni.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
wal-g --version\nwal-g versioon v0.2.14<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Redigeerime \/etc\/wal-g.d\/server-s3.conf vastavalt oma vajadustele.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Konfigureerimisfailid ja andmebaasiklusteri kasutatavad andmefailid s\u00e4ilitatakse traditsiooniliselt koos klastrite andmekataloogis, mida tavaliselt nimetatakse PGDATA<\/code><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n\nexport PG_VER="9.6"\n\nexport WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3:\/\/pg-backups" # \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 S3\nexport AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey \u0438\u0437 \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf \nexport AWS_ENDPOINT="http:\/\/ip-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430-minio:9000"\nexport AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"\nexport AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey \u0438\u0437 \/etc\/minio\/minio.conf\n\nexport PGDATA=\/var\/lib\/pgsql\/$PG_VER\/data\/\nexport PGHOST=\/var\/run\/postgresql\/.s.PGSQL.5432 # \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a PostgreSQL\n\nexport WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \nexport WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\nexport WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # \u041a\u043e\u043b-\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438\nexport WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7\nexport WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
WAL-G seadistamisel m\u00e4\u00e4rate WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS \u2014 sammude arvu, mille v\u00f5rra v\u00f5ib delta-varundus base-varundusest erineda, ning m\u00e4\u00e4rate delta-koopia poliitika. Kas teete koopia viimase olemasoleva delta j\u00e4rgi v\u00f5i loote delta algsest t\u00e4ielikust varundusest. See on vajalik juhul, kui teie andmebaasis muutub pidevalt sama andmeosa, sama teave muutub pidevalt.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Seadistame andmebaasi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
yum install -y https:\/\/download.postgresql.org\/pub\/repos\/yum\/reporpms\/EL-7-x86_64\/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm\nyum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Initsialiseerime andmebaasi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\/usr\/pgsql-9.6\/bin\/postgresql96-setup initdb\nInitializing database ... OK<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Kui testite \u00fchel serveril, tuleb muuta wal_level parameeter archive\u2019iks PostgreSQL versioonide puhul, mis on alla 10, ja replica\u2019ks PostgreSQL 10 ja k\u00f5rgemate versioonide puhul.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
wal_level = archive<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Teeme WAL arhiivide varundamise iga 60 sekundi tagant PostgreSQL-i abil. Tootmises on teil muu archive_timeout v\u00e4\u00e4rtus.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
archive_mode = on\narchive_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-push.sh %p'\narchive_timeout = 60 # K\u00e4ivitatakse archive_command iga 60 sekundi tagant.<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame PostgreSQL-i<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Erinevas konsoolis vaatame PostgreSQL-i logisid vigade osas: (postgresql-Wed.log muutke vastavalt praegusele).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
tail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Siseneme psql-i.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\npsql<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Loome psql'is andmebaasi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Loome tabeli andmebaasis test1.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
create database test1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
L\u00fclitame andmebaasi test.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
postgres=# c test1;<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Loome tabeli indexing_table.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Andmete lisamine.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame andmete sisestamise. Ootame 10-20 minutit.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n# postgres\nwhile true; do\npsql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"\nsleep 60;\ndone<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Kindlasti teeme t\u00e4ieliku varukoopia.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-push.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Vaata kirjeid tabelis andmebaasis test1.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
select * from indexing_table;\n2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+\n2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+\n2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+\n2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+\n2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+\n2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+\n2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+\n2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+\n2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+\n2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+\n2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Rea on praegune aeg.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Vaata t\u00e4ielike varukoopiate nimekirja.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-list.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Taastamise testimine.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
T\u00e4ielik taastamine, mille k\u00e4igus rakendame k\u00f5ik k\u00e4ttesaadavad WAL-id.<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Peatame PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kustutame k\u00f5ik kaustast \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame skripti \/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-fetch.sh kasutaja postgres alt.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
su - postgres\n\/usr\/local\/bin\/backup-fetch.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Varukoopia eemaldamine on l\u00f5petatud.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Lisame recovery.conf kausta \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data j\u00e4rgmise sisuga.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
restore_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL k\u00e4ivitab taastamisprotsessi arhiveeritud WAL-idest ja avab seej\u00e4rel andmebaasi. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6\ntail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Taastamine kindlal ajal.<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
Kui soovime andmebaasi taastada konkreetsetesse minutitesse, lisame failis recovery.conf parameetri recovery_target_time \u2013 m\u00e4\u00e4rame, millise ajani andmebaasi taastada.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
restore_command = '\/usr\/local\/bin\/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'\nrecovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u00e4rast taastamist vaatame \u00fcle tabeli indexing_table.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
 2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00\n 2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00\n 2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00\n 2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00\n 2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitame PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL k\u00e4ivitab taastamisprotsessi arhiveeritud WAL-idest ja avab seej\u00e4rel andmebaasi. <\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
systemctl start postgresql-9.6\ntail -fn100 \/var\/lib\/pgsql\/9.6\/data\/pg_log\/postgresql-Wed.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Testimine<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
Genereerime 1GB andmebaasi, nagu siin kirjeldatud. https:\/\/gist.github.com\/ololobus\/5b25c432f208d7eb31051a5f238dffff<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
K\u00fcsimine seadme suurust p\u00e4rast 1GB andmete genereerimist.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));\npg_size_pretty\n----------------\n1003 MB<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
s4cmd on tasuta k\u00e4surea t\u00f6\u00f6riist andmete haldamiseks, mis asuvad Amazon S3 salvestuses. T\u00f6\u00f6riist on kirjutatud Python programmeerimiskeeles ning seet\u00f5ttu saab seda kasutada nii Windowsis kui ka Linuxis.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Paigaldame s4cmd.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
pip install s4cmd<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
LZ4<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
s4cmd --endpoint-url=http:\/\/ip-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3:\/\/pg-backups\n840540822       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n840 MB lz4 formaadis ainult WAL logide jaoks\n\nTerve varukoopia lz4 - 1GB andmeid\ntime backup_push.sh\nreal 0m18.582s\n\nS3 konteineri suurus p\u00e4rast t\u00e4ielikku varukoopiat\n\n581480085       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n842374424   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\n581 MB v\u00f5tab terve varukoopia.<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
LZMA<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u00e4rast 1 GB andmete genereerimist\n338413694       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n338 MB logisid formaadis lzma\n\nT\u00e4ieliku varukoopia genereerimise aeg\ntime backup_push.sh\nreal    5m25.054s\n\nS3-seadmestiku suurus\n270310495       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n433485092   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n\n270 MB h\u00f5lmab t\u00e4ielikku varukoopiat formaadis lzma<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Brotli<\/h4>\n
<\/p>\n
P\u00e4rast 1 GB andmete genereerimist\n459229886       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n459 MB logisid formaadis brotli\n\nT\u00e4ieliku varukoopia genereerimise aeg\nreal    0m23.408s\n\nS3-seadmestiku suurus\n312960942       s3:\/\/pg-backups\/basebackups_005\/\n459309262   s3:\/\/pg-backups\/wal_005\/\n\n312 MB h\u00f5lmab t\u00e4ielikku varukoopiat formaadis brotli\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Tulemuste v\u00f5rdlemine graafikul.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\"Tutvumine<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Nagu n\u00e4eme, on Brotli suuruselt v\u00f5rreldav LZMA-ga, kuid varukoopia teostatakse LZ4 aja jooksul.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
PostgreSQLi venekeelse kogukonna jututuba: https:\/\/t.me\/pgsql<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Palun pange Githubis t\u00e4ht, kui kasutate wal-g<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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