{"id":75250,"date":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas"},"modified":"2020-03-24T19:42:19","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T17:42:19","slug":"obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","title":{"rendered":"Arutelu: standardsed UNIX-utility, mida on v\u00e4he kasutatud ja kasutatakse praegu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e4dal tagasi r\u00e4\u00e4kis Douglas McIlroy, UNIXi voogude arendaja ja komponentide suunamise m\u00f5iste looja, r\u00e4\u00e4kis<\/a><\/noindex> huvitavatest ja ebatavalistest UNIX-i programmidest, mis ei ole laialdaselt levinud. Avaldus algatas aktiivse arutelu Hacker News'is. Koondasime k\u00f5ige huvitavama ja oleme p\u00f5nevil, kui liitute aruteluga.<\/p>\n

\"Arutelu:<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\nFoto \u2014 Virginia Johnson<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f6\u00f6 tekstiga<\/h2>\n

\nUNIX-i sarnastes operatsioonis\u00fcsteemides on standardne t\u00f6\u00f6riistade komplekt tekstiformaatimiseks. Utiliit typo<\/i><\/b> v\u00f5imaldas dokumente kontrollida tr\u00fckivigade ja hapaksade<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 s\u00f5nade, mis esinevad materjalis ainult \u00fcks kord. Mis on huvitav, programmeerimiseks ei kasuta<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00f5naraamatud. See toetub ainult faili teabele ja viib l\u00e4bi sageduse anal\u00fc\u00fcsi trigrammide (kolmest m\u00e4rgist koosnev j\u00e4rjend) alusel. K\u00f5ik vajalikud loendajad hoitakse<\/a><\/noindex> 26x26x26 massiivis. Douglas McIlroy s\u00f5nul ei olnud selline m\u00e4lu piisav isegi m\u00f5ne \u00fchesuuruse loenduri jaoks. Seet\u00f5ttu kirjutati need logaritmilise vormi kokkuhoiu eesm\u00e4rgil.<\/p>\n

T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on typo asendatud kaasaegsemate ning t\u00e4psemate \u00f5igekirjakontrolli programmide ja s\u00f5naraamatutega. Siiski m\u00e4letatakse suurt t\u00f6\u00f6riista \u2014 paar aastat tagasi realiseeris entusiast esitles<\/a><\/noindex> typo Go-s. Repositooriumit uuendatakse endiselt.<\/p>\n

Veel \u00fcks dokumentide t\u00f6\u00f6tlusvahend 80-ndatest \u2014 paket Kirjaniku T\u00f6\u00f6riistapink<\/i><\/b> Lorinda Cherry ja Nina McDonald'i Bell Labsis. Selle koostisosad koosnesid<\/a><\/noindex> osade uurimis- ja stiilit\u00f6\u00f6riistadest, tautoloogiate otsimisest ning liiga keerukate lausetest. T\u00f6\u00f6riistu arendati \u00fcli\u00f5pilaste abivahendiks ning \u00fcks hetk kasutati<\/a><\/noindex> Colorado osariigi \u00fclikooli \u00fcli\u00f5pilased Ameerikas. Kuid \u00fcheksak\u00fcmnendate alguseks unustati Kirjaniku T\u00f6\u00f6riistapink, kuna seda ei kaasatud Version 7 Unixisse. Siiski j\u00e4tkas see t\u00f6\u00f6riist oma teed j\u00e4ljendajate seas \u2014 n\u00e4iteks, Grammatik<\/a><\/noindex> IBM PC-le.<\/p>\n

UNIX-is on ka standardseid vahendeid, mis lihtsustavad valemitega t\u00f6\u00f6tamist. On eelprotsessor keele jaoks, et vormindada matemaatilisi v\u00e4ljendeid. eqn<\/i><\/b>Selle erip\u00e4ra on see, et valemi kuvamiseks peab arendaja selle lihtsalt s\u00f5nade ja s\u00fcmbolitega kirjeldama. Olulised s\u00f5nad v\u00f5imaldavad nihutada matemaatilisi m\u00e4rke vertikaalselt ja horisontaalselt, muuta nende suurusi ja teisi parameetreid. Kui edastada utiliidile rida:<\/p>\n

sum from { k = 1 } to N { k sup 2 }<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nV\u00e4ljundiks genereeritakse j\u00e4rgmine valem:<\/p>\n
\"Arutelu:<\/p>\n
\n1980-1990-ndatel aitas eqn IT-spetsialistidel kirjutada tarkvara dokumente. Kuid hiljem asendas selle LaTeX-i s\u00fcsteem, mida<\/a><\/noindex> isegi Habr. Kuid eqn \u2014 see on esmane vahend sarnase klassi, mis on j\u00e4\u00e4nud UNIX-i sarnaste ops\u00fcsteemide osaks. kasutab<\/a><\/noindex> Teemas arutelu, Hacker News'i kasutajad m\u00e4rkisid m\u00f5nede haruldasti kasutatavate failit\u00f6\u00f6tlusvahendite olemasolu. \u00dcks neist<\/p>\n
Failidega t\u00f6\u00f6tamine<\/h2>\n
\noli comm<\/a><\/noindex> nende v\u00f5rdlemiseks. See on lihtsustatud vastane<\/i><\/b> , mis on suunatud skriptide t\u00f6\u00f6le. Selle diff<\/a><\/noindex>koostas Richard Stallman koos David MacKenzie'ga. kirjutas<\/a><\/noindex> Programmi v\u00e4ljund koosneb kolmest veerust. Esimene veerg sisaldab v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi, mis on unikaalsed esimese faili jaoks, teine \u2014 teise faili jaoks unikaalsed. Kolmas veerg sisaldab \u00fchiseid v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi. Et comm t\u00f6\u00f6taks korralikult, peavad v\u00f5rreldavad dokumendid olema leksikaalselt sorteeritud. Seet\u00f5ttu m\u00e4rkis \u00fcks kohalik<\/p>\n
t\u00f6\u00f6tada utiliidiga j\u00e4rgmisel kujul: soovitas<\/a><\/noindex> comm <(sort fileA.txt) <(sort fileB.txt)<\/p>\n
Comm'i on mugav kasutada s\u00f5nade \u00f5igekirja kontrollimiseks. Piisab, kui v\u00f5rrelda neid standarddokumentidega, milleks on s\u00f5naraamat. Arvestades failide sorteerimisega seotud keerukusi, on<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n, et Stallman ja MacKenzie kirjutasid oma utiliidi eranditult selle kasutuse jaoks. arvamus<\/a><\/noindex>Marnix Hogendoorn<\/p>\n
\"Arutelu:
\nFoto \u2014 Ka suhtleja HN-is<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 Unsplash<\/i><\/p>\n
v\u00f5imalused operaatori r\u00f5hutas<\/a><\/noindex> paste , mis olid tema jaoks mitteilmneid. See v\u00f5imaldab vaheldada andmevooge v\u00f5i jagada \u00fche voogu kaheks veeruks v\u00e4ljundiks:<\/b><\/i>$ paste <( echo -e 'foonbar' ) <( echo -e 'baznqux' )\nfoo     baz\nbar     qux\n$ echo -e 'foonbarnbaznqux' | paste - -\nfoo     bar\nbaz     qux<\/p>\n
, et neid lihtsaid operatsioone teostatakse sageli mitte k\u00f5ige optimaalsemate lahendustega: alates\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u00dcks kasutajatest m\u00e4rkas<\/a><\/noindex>fmt ex<\/a><\/noindex>, ja l\u00f5petades<\/a><\/noindex> mlr mlr<\/a><\/noindex> koos jot<\/a><\/noindex> ja rs<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Millised UNIX-i sarnaste ops\u00fcsteemide tavalised v\u00f5imalused on teile avastuseks olnud?<\/i><\/p>\n
Millest me meie ettev\u00f5tte blogis kirjutame:<\/b><\/p>\n
\"Arutelu: Kuidas arenes domeeninimede s\u00fcsteem: ARPANETi ajastu<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Arutelu: Domeeninimede s\u00fcsteemi ajalugu: esimesed DNS-serverid<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Arutelu: DNS-i ajalugu: millal domeeninimed muutusid tasuliseks<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Arutelu: Domeeninimede s\u00fcsteemi ajalugu: \u201eprotokollide s\u00f5jad\u201c<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0440\u043e\u0439 (Douglas McIlroy), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 UNIX \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 UNIX-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Hacker News. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u2014 Virginia Johnson \u2014 Unsplash \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0412 UNIX-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":75251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Arutelu: standardne UNIX-i utiliidid, mida harva kasutatakse ja kasutatakse ka praegu | ProHoster","description":"N\u00e4dal tagasi r\u00e4\u00e4kis Douglas McIlroy, UNIX-i konveierite arendaja ja komponentide-orienteeritud programmeerimise kontseptsiooni autor, huvitavatest ja ebatavalisest UNIX-programmidest, mis pole laialdaselt kasutust leidnud. Avaldus k\u00e4ivitas aktiivse arutelu Hacker Newsis. Oleme kokku kogunud k\u00f5ige huvitavama ja ootame, et liituksite aruteluga. Foto \u2014 Virginia Johnson \u2014 Unsplash T\u00f6\u00f6 tekstiga UNIX-i sarnastes operatsioonis\u00fcsteemides","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/obsuzhdenie-standartnye-unix-utility-kotorye-malo-kto-ispolzoval-i-ispolzuet-sejchas","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 UNIX-\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 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\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 UNIX-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Hacker News. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a 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