{"id":76169,"date":"2020-03-31T13:42:34","date_gmt":"2020-03-31T11:42:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-elektronnaya-pochta"},"modified":"2020-03-31T13:42:34","modified_gmt":"2020-03-31T11:42:34","slug":"kak-rabotaet-elektronnaya-pochta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-elektronnaya-pochta","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas t\u00f6\u00f6tab e-post","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

See on suur kursuse algus postal serverite toimimisest. Ma ei p\u00fc\u00fca kedagi kiiresti \u00f5petada t\u00f6\u00f6tama posti serveritega. Siit tuleb palju lisainfot nende k\u00fcsimuste kohta, millega me teel kokku puutume, sest p\u00fc\u00fcan teha kursust peamiselt neile, kes alles teevad oma esimesi samme. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEess\u00f5na<\/b>Nii on juhtunud, et ma t\u00f6\u00f6tan osalise koormusega Linuxi administratsiooni \u00f5petajana. Ja kodut\u00f6\u00f6na annan \u00f5pilastele k\u00fcmme linki erinevatele ressurssidele, kuna mingis kohas on materjali ebapiisavalt, m\u00f5nes see on liiga keeruline. Ja erinevates ressurssides on materjal sageli dubleeritud, m\u00f5nikord aga hakkab see lahkuma. Samuti on enamik sisu inglise keeles, ja on \u00f5pilasi, kellel on raskusi arusaamisega. Semajevi ja Lebedevi kursused on suurep\u00e4rased, ja v\u00f5ib-olla ka teised, kuid minu arvates m\u00f5ningaid teemasid ei ole piisavalt k\u00e4sitletud, m\u00f5ned ei ole piisavalt seotud teistega.<\/p>\n

Seet\u00f5ttu otsustasin \u00fche p\u00e4eva kokku v\u00f5tta materjali ja anda seda \u00f5pilastele mugavas vormis. Aga kuna ma juba seda teen, miks mitte jagada seda k\u00f5igiga? Algul \u00fcritasin teha teksti ja lisada sellele linke, kuid selliseid ressursse on miljoneid, ja mis kasu? M\u00f5nes kohas oli visuaalsusest ja selgitustest puudu, m\u00f5nes kohas laisklevad \u00f5pilased kogu teksti l\u00e4bi lugemisel (ja mitte ainult nemad) ja nii tekivad teadmiste l\u00fcngad.<\/p>\n

Aga asi ei ole ainult \u00f5pilastes. Kogu oma karj\u00e4\u00e4ri olen t\u00f6\u00f6tanud IT integreerijates, ja see on tohutu kogemus erinevate s\u00fcsteemidega. L\u00f5puks olen saanud laiahaardeliseks inseneriks. Tihti tuleb kokku puutuda IT-inimestega erinevates ettev\u00f5tetes ja \u00fcsna sageli m\u00e4rkan ma nende teadmiste l\u00fcnki. IT-valdkonnas on palju ise\u00f5ppijaid, sealhulgas mina. Ja minul on neid l\u00fcnki piisavalt, ning tahaksin aidata teisi ja end neist l\u00fcnkadest vabaneda.<\/p>\n

Minu arvates on v\u00e4iksed videod teabega huvitavamad ja kergemini omastatavad, seet\u00f5ttu otsustasin proovida seda vormi. Ja ma tean h\u00e4sti, et minu keeleline v\u00e4ljendus ei ole k\u00f5ige sujuvam, mind on raske kuulata, kuid p\u00fc\u00fcan paremaks muutuda. See on minu jaoks uus hobi, mida tahan arendada. Varem oli mul halvem mikrofon, praegu lahendan peamiselt heli ja k\u00f5ne probleeme. Ma tahan teha kvaliteetset sisu ja vajan v\u00e4ga objektiivset kriitikat ja n\u00f5uandeid.<\/p>\n

P.S. M\u00f5ned arvavad, et videos formaat ei sobi ja tekst oleks parem. Ma ei ole sellega t\u00e4ielikult n\u00f5us, aga valik olgu \u2014 nii video kui tekst. <\/p>\n

Video<\/b>

\r\n \"M\u00e4ngi\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

\nJ\u00e4rgmine > Postiserverite t\u00f6\u00f6re\u017eiimid<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Et saaksite t\u00f6\u00f6tada e-posti kaudu, vajate e-posti klienti. See v\u00f5ib olla kas veebiklient, n\u00e4iteks Gmail, OWA, Roundcube, v\u00f5i arvuti rakendus \u2014 Outlook, Thunderbird jne. Oletame, et olete juba m\u00f5nes e-posti teenuses registreerunud ja peate seadistama e-posti kliendi. Avate programmi ja see k\u00fcsib teilt andmeid: konto nime, teie e-posti aadressi ja parooli. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nP\u00e4rast neid andmete sisestamist proovib teie e-posti klient leida teavet teie postiserveri kohta. See toimub seadistuste lihtsustamiseks, kuna enamik kasutajaid ei tea aadresse ja \u00fchendusprotokolle. Selleks kasutavad e-posti kliendid erinevaid viise teabe leidmiseks serveri ja \u00fchenduseseadete kohta. Need viisid v\u00f5ivad e-posti kliendist s\u00f5ltuvalt erineda. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nN\u00e4iteks kasutab Outlook meetodit \"autodiscover\", kus klient p\u00f6\u00f6rdub DNS-serveri poole ja k\u00fcsib teatud autodiscoveri kirje kohta, mis on seotud selle e-posti domeeniga, mille olete oma e-posti kliendi seadetes m\u00e4\u00e4ranud. Kui administraator on selle kirje DNS-serveris seadistanud, viitab see veebiserverile.<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nP\u00e4rast seda, kui e-posti klient teada saab veebiserveri aadressi, p\u00f6\u00f6rdub ta selle poole ja leiab sealt eelnevalt ettevalmistatud faili, mis sisaldab e-posti serveriga \u00fchenduse seadistusi XML-formaadis. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nThunderbirdi puhul ei otsi e-posti klient DNS-autodiscover kirjet, vaid proovib kohe \u00fchendust v\u00f5tta autoconfig veebiserveriga ja nimetada antud domeeni. Samuti p\u00fc\u00fcab ta veebiserverist leida faili, mis sisaldab \u00fchenduse seadistusi XML-formaadis. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKui e-posti klient ei leia vajalikuga seadistusi sisaldavat faili, p\u00fc\u00fcab ta arvata seadistusi sageli kasutatud j\u00e4rgi. N\u00e4iteks, kui domeen on example.com, siis kontrollib e-posti server, kas on olemas serveritega nimega imap.example.com ja smtp.example.com. Kui leiate \u2014 m\u00e4\u00e4ratakse see seadistustes. Kui aga e-posti klient ei suuda postiserveri aadressi mingil juhul m\u00e4\u00e4rata, k\u00fcsib ta kasutajalt \u00fchendusandmete sisestamise. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nSiis m\u00e4rkate 2 v\u00e4lja serverid<\/a> \u2014 sisendi ja v\u00e4ljundi posti serveri aadress. Reeglina on v\u00e4ikestes organisatsioonides need aadressid sarnased, isegi kui need on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud erinevate DNS-nimede kaudu, samas suurtel ettev\u00f5tetel v\u00f5ivad need olla erinevad serverid. Kuid pole oluline, kas see on \u00fcks ja sama server v\u00f5i mitte \u2014 teenused, mis nende taga seisavad, on erinevad. \u00dcks populaarsemaid postiteenuste kombinatsioone on Postfix & Dovecot. Postfix toimib v\u00e4ljundi posti serverina (MTA \u2014 mail transfer agent) ja Dovecot sisendi posti serverina (MDA \u2014 mail delivery agent). Nende nimedest v\u00f5ib j\u00e4reldada, et Postfixi kasutatakse posti saatmiseks ja Dovecoti, et posti vastu v\u00f5tta. Posti serverid suhtlevad omavahel SMTP-protokolli kaudu \u2014 see t\u00e4hendab, et Dovecot (MDA) on vajalik kasutajatele. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nOletame, et oleme seadistanud \u00fchenduse meie posti serveriga. Proovime saata s\u00f5numi. S\u00f5numis m\u00e4rkime oma aadressi ja saaja aadressi. N\u00fc\u00fcd, et s\u00f5num toimetada, saadab teie postiklient s\u00f5numi teie v\u00e4ljundi posti serverile. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKui teie server s\u00f5numi saab, \u00fcritab ta leida, kellele see s\u00f5num toimetada. Teie server ei saa k\u00f5iki postiserverite aadresse peast teadma, seega p\u00f6\u00f6rdub ta DNS-i poole, et leida MX-erakord \u2014 mis n\u00e4itab selle domeeni postiserverit. Need kanded v\u00f5ivad erinevate alamdomeenide jaoks erineda. <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nP\u00e4rast seda, kui ta on teada saanud saaja serveri aadressi, saadab ta teie s\u00f5numi selle aadressi kaudu SMTP-l, kus saaja posti server (MTA) aktsepteerib s\u00f5numi ja asetab selle spetsiaalsesse kausta, millele vaatab ka teenus, mis vastutab s\u00f5numite vastuv\u00f5tmise eest klientide poolt (MDA). <\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKui j\u00e4rgmine kord k\u00fcsib saaja postiklient sisendi posti serverilt uute s\u00f5numite olemasolu, saadab MDA talle teie s\u00f5numi. <\/p>\n

Kuna postiserverid t\u00f6\u00f6tavad internetis ning iga\u00fchel on v\u00f5imalik nendega \u00fchendust v\u00f5tta ja s\u00f5numeid saata, samuti kasutavad ettev\u00f5tted laialdaselt postiservereid oluliste andmete vahetamiseks, on see kergesti ligip\u00e4\u00e4setav sihtm\u00e4rk kurjategijatele, eriti r\u00e4mpspostitajatele. Seet\u00f5ttu on kaasaegsetes postiserverites palju lisameetmeid saatja kinnitamiseks, r\u00e4mpsposti kontrollimiseks jne. Paljusid neist teemadest p\u00fc\u00fcan ma k\u00e4sitleda j\u00e4rgmistes osades.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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