{"id":76505,"date":"2020-04-02T19:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T17:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-4"},"modified":"2020-04-02T19:42:00","modified_gmt":"2020-04-02T17:42:00","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-4","title":{"rendered":"Nftables 0.9.4 paketifiltri v\u00e4ljalaskmine","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/marc.info\/?l=netfilter&#038;m=158575148505527&#038;w=2\">Avaldatud<\/a><\/noindex> paketifiltri v\u00e4ljalaskmine <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/netfilter.org\/projects\/nftables\/\">nftables 0.9.4<\/a><\/noindex>, mis areneb iptables, ip6tables, arptables ja ebtables asendamiseks, unifitseerides pakettide filtreerimise liideseid IPv4, IPv6, ARP ja v\u00f5rgu silmade jaoks. Paketis nftables on komponentide paketifilter, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tab kasutaja ruumis, samas kui tuuma tasemel pakub t\u00f6\u00f6d nf_tables subsystem, mis on osa Linuxi tuumast alates versioonist 3.13. Nftables 0.9.4 v\u00e4ljalaske jaoks vajalikud muudatused on lisatud tulevasse tuuma haru. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52632\">Linux 5.6<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ytme tasandi kasutab vaid \u00fcldist liidest, mis ei s\u00f5ltu konkreetsest protokollist ja pakub p\u00f5hifunktsioone andmete v\u00e4ljat\u00f5mbeks pakettidest, andmetega t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks ja voogude haldamiseks. Filtreerimisreeglid ja protokollispetsiifilised t\u00f6\u00f6tlejad kompileeritakse kasutajaruumi baidi koodi, seej\u00e4rel laaditakse see baidikood Netlinki liidese kaudu ytmesse ning seda t\u00e4idetakse ytmes spetsiaalses virtuaalmasinas, mis meenutab BPF (Berkeley Packet Filters) protokolli. Selline l\u00e4henemine v\u00f5imaldab oluliselt v\u00e4hendada ytmes t\u00f6\u00f6tava filtreerimiskoodi suurust ja viia k\u00f5ik reeglite parsingu ja protokollidega t\u00f6\u00f6tamise funktsioonid kasutajaruumi.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f5hilised uuendused:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Toetuste ulatus \u00fchendustes (concatenation, m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud aadresside ja portide sidemed, mis lihtsustavad vasteid). N\u00e4iteks, kui tegemist on &#171;whitelist&#187; kogumiga, mille elemendid on \u00fchendus, siis &#171;interval&#187; lipu m\u00e4\u00e4ramine n\u00e4itab, et kogum v\u00f5ib sisaldada \u00fchenduses olevaid ulatusi (varem tuli &#171;ipv4_addr . ipv4_addr . inet_service&#187; \u00fchenduse jaoks loetleda ainult t\u00e4pseid vasteid nagu &#171;192.168.10.35 . 192.68.11.123 . 80&#187;, kuid n\u00fc\u00fcd on v\u00f5imalik m\u00e4\u00e4rata aadressigruppidesse kuuluvaid ulatusi nagu &#171;192.168.10.35-192.168.10.40 . 192.68.11.123-192.168.11.125 . 80&#187;):\n<p>    table ip foo {<br \/>\n           set whitelist {<br \/>\n                   type ipv4_addr . ipv4_addr . inet_service<br \/>\n                   flags interval<br \/>\n                   elements = { 192.168.10.35-192.168.10.40 . 192.68.11.123-192.168.11.125 . 80 }<br \/>\n           }<\/p>\n<p>           chain bar {<br \/>\n                   type filter hook prerouting priority filter; policy drop;<br \/>\n                   ip saddr . ip daddr . tcp dport @whitelist accept<br \/>\n           }<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Kogumites ja map-loendites on v\u00f5imaldatud kasutada &#171;typeof&#187; k\u00e4su, mis m\u00e4\u00e4ratleb elemendi vormingu vaste leidmisel.<br \/>\n N\u00e4iteks:<\/p>\n<p>     table ip foo {<br \/>\n            set whitelist {<br \/>\n                    typeof ip saddr<br \/>\n                    elements = { 192.168.10.35, 192.168.10.101, 192.168.10.135 }<br \/>\n            }<\/p>\n<p>            chain bar {<br \/>\n                    type filter hook prerouting priority filter; policy drop;<br \/>\n                    ip daddr @whitelist accept<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<p>     table ip foo {<br \/>\n            map addr2mark {<br \/>\n                typeof ip saddr : meta mark<br \/>\n                elements = { 192.168.10.35 : 0x00000001, 192.168.10.135 : 0x00000002 }<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud on v\u00f5imalus kasutada konkateneerimisi NAT-seostes, mis v\u00f5imaldab m\u00e4\u00e4rata aadressi ja pordi NAT-muunduste m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemisel map-loendite v\u00f5i nimetatud komplektide alusel:\n<p>      nft add rule ip nat pre dnat ip addr . port to ip saddr map { 1.1.1.1 : 2.2.2.2 . 30 }<\/p>\n<p>      nft add map ip nat destinations { type ipv4_addr . inet_service : ipv4_addr . inet_service &#092;&#092;; }<br \/>\n      nft add rule ip nat pre dnat ip addr . port to ip saddr . tcp dport map @destinations<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Riistvarakiirus on toetatud, suunates m\u00f5ned filtreerimise operatsioonid v\u00f5rguadapteri abile. Kiirus aktiveeritakse utiliidiga ethtool (\"ethtool -K eth0 hw-tc-offload on\"), p\u00e4rast mida aktiveeritakse see nftables'is p\u00f5hijadas lipuga \"offload\". Linuxi tuuma 5.6 puhul toetatakse riistvarakiirendust pealkirja v\u00e4lja vaste ja sissetuleva liidese kontrollimiseks koos paketide vastuv\u00f5tmise, k\u00f5rvaldamise, duplikeerimise (dup) ja edastamise (fwd) operatsioonidega. Allpool olevas n\u00e4ites teostatakse pakettide k\u00f5rvaldamise operatsioonid, mis tulevad aadressilt 192.168.30.20, v\u00f5rguadapteri tasemel, ilma, et pakette tuuma saadetaks.\n<p>     # cat file.nft<br \/>\n     table netdev x {<br \/>\n            chain y {<br \/>\n                type filter hook ingress device eth0 priority 10; flags offload;<br \/>\n                ip saddr 192.168.30.20 drop<br \/>\n            }<br \/>\n     }<br \/>\n     # nft -f file.nft<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Parandatud vigade teatamise t\u00e4psus reeglite puhul.\n<p>     # nft delete rule ip y z handle 7<br \/>\n     Viga: Reegli t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine eba\u00f5nnestus: Tegu ei kehti<br \/>\n     delete rule ip y z handle 7<br \/>\n                    ^<\/p>\n<p>     # nft delete rule ip x x handle 7<br \/>\n     Viga: Reegli t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine eba\u00f5nnestus: Tegu ei kehti<br \/>\n     delete rule ip x x handle 7<br \/>\n                               ^<\/p>\n<p>     # nft delete table twst<br \/>\n     Error: No such file or directory; did you mean table \u2018test\u2019 in family ip?<br \/>\n     delete table twst<br \/>\n                  ^^^^<\/p>\n<p>Esimeses n\u00e4ites on n\u00e4idatud, et tabel \"y\" puudub s\u00fcsteemist, teises, et t\u00f6\u00f6tlejat \"7\" ei ole, ning kolmandas, et v\u00e4idetakse tr\u00fckiviga tabeli nime sisestamisel.<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud tugi slave-liidese kontrollimiseks, m\u00e4\u00e4rates \"meta sdif\" v\u00f5i \"meta sdifname\":\n<p>        \u2026 meta sdifname vrf1 \u2026<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Lisatud tugi paremale v\u00f5i vasakule nihke operatsioonidele. N\u00e4iteks, et nihutada olemasolevat paketi m\u00e4rki vasakule \u00fche biti v\u00f5rra ja seada madalam bit v\u00e4\u00e4rtusele 1:\n<p>        \u2026 meta mark set meta mark lshift 1 or 0x1 \u2026<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Rakendatud valik \"-V\" laiendatud teabe kuvamiseks versiooni kohta.\n<p>     # nft -V<br \/>\n       nftables v0.9.4 (Jive at Five)<br \/>\n          cli:          readline<br \/>\n          json:         jah<br \/>\n          minigmp:      ei<br \/>\n          libxtables:   jah<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> K\u00e4skrealiseerimise valikud peavad n\u00fc\u00fcd olema m\u00e4rgitud enne k\u00e4ske. N\u00e4iteks tuleb m\u00e4rkida &#171;nft -a list ruleset&#187;, samas kui &#171;nft list ruleset -a&#187; k\u00e4ivitamine toob kaasa vea.\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Allikas: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=52656\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.4, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 nftables \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 nf_tables, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 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