{"id":77515,"date":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core"},"modified":"2020-04-11T01:42:41","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T23:42:41","slug":"vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vtiskivaem-windows-server-na-malomoshhnuyu-vps-s-pomoshhyu-windows-server-core","title":{"rendered":"Pressing Windows Server onto a low-power VPS with Windows Server Core","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pressing<\/a><\/noindex>
\nDue to the resource-heavy nature of Windows systems, lightweight Linux distributions such as Mint, Colibri OS, Debian, or Ubuntu dominate the VPS environment, lacking unnecessary heavy desktop environments for our needs. As they say, only console, only hardcore! And in reality, this is no exaggeration: Debian can start on 256 MB of memory and a single core at 1 GHz, meaning it can run on almost any 'stump'. For comfortable operation, you'll need at least 512 MB and a slightly faster processor. But what if we told you that you can achieve something similar on a Windows VPS? That you don't need to install a hefty Windows Server that requires three to four gigabytes of RAM and at least a couple of cores clocked at 1.4 GHz? Just use Windows Server Core \u2014 get rid of the GUI and some services. We'll discuss how to do this in the article.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Who is this Windows Server Core?<\/h2>\n

\nThere is no clear information on what Windows (server) Core is, even on Microsoft's official website; in fact, it's so convoluted that you can't figure it out right away, but the first mentions date back to the era of Windows Server 2008. Essentially, Windows Core is a functioning core of Windows Server (surprisingly!), 'slimmed down' by the size of its own GUI and roughly half of the auxiliary services.<\/p>\n

The main feature of Windows Core is its low hardware demands and entirely console-based management via PowerShell.<\/p>\n

If you visit the Microsoft website and check the technical requirements, you'll find that to start Windows Server 2016\/2019, you need at least 2 GB of RAM and a minimum of one core clocked at 1.4 GHz. But we all understand that with such a configuration, we can only expect the system to start, but certainly not for comfortable operation of our OS. For this reason, Windows Server typically requires more memory and at least 2 cores\/4 threads from the processor, if it isn't allocated a pricey physical machine on some Xeon instead of a cheap virtual machine.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the core of the server system requires only 512 MB of memory, and those CPU resources that were consumed by the GUI just to render on the screen and maintain its numerous services can be allocated to something more useful.<\/p>\n

Here is a comparison of the out-of-the-box supported services of Windows Core and a full Windows Server from Microsoft's official site:<\/p>\n

rakenduse klassid ja ressursid<\/strong>
\nserver core<\/strong>
\nserver with<\/strong>lauaarvaar<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00e4ivitusakna
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windows PowerShell \/ Microsoft .NET
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Perfmon.exe
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windbg (GUI)
\ntoetatakse
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Resmon.exe
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Regedit
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Fsutil.exe
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Disksnapshot.exe
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Diskpart.exe
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Diskmgmt.msc
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Devmgmt.msc
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Serveri haldur
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Mmc.exe
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Eventvwr
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Wevtutil (S\u00fcndmuste p\u00e4ringud)
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Teenused.msc
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Juhtpaneel
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windows Update (GUI)
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windowsi Eksploraator
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

\u00dclesannete riba
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

\u00dclesannete riba teated
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Taskmgr
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Internet Explorer v\u00f5i Edge
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Sisemine abis\u00fcsteem
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windows 10 Shell
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Windows Media Player
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

PowerShell
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

PowerShell ISE
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

PowerShell IME
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Mstsc.exe
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Remote Desktop Services
\nsaadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

Hyper-V Manager
\nei ole saadaval
\nsaadaval<\/p>\n

\nNagu n\u00e4ha, on Windows Core'ist v\u00e4lja l\u00f5igatud palju. Alati l\u00f5ikas alla teenused ja protsessid, mis on seotud s\u00fcsteemi GUI-ga, samuti igasugune \u201epr\u00fcgi\u201c, mida t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt meie konsoolil p\u00f5hinev virtuaalmasin ei vaja, n\u00e4iteks Windows Media Player.<\/p>\n

Peaaegu nagu Linux, kuid siiski mitte<\/h2>\n

\nWindows Server Core'i sooviks v\u00f5rrelda Linuxi jaotustega, kuid tegelikult ei ole see t\u00e4iesti \u00f5ige. Jah, need s\u00fcsteemid on sarnaselt madala ressursikasutusega t\u00e4nu GUI ja paljude k\u00f5rvalteenuste puudumisele, kuid kasutamise ja koostamistehnika osas on see ikkagi Windows, mitte unix-s\u00fcsteem.<\/p>\n

Lihtsaim n\u00e4ide \u2014 k\u00e4sitsi Linuxi tuumade koostamise ja seej\u00e4rel pakettide ja teenuste installimise kaudu v\u00f5ib isegi k\u00f5ige kergem Linuxi jaotus muutuda millegiks raskeks ja sarnaneda \u0160veitsi armeenuga (siin tahaksime naljatada Python'i \u00fcle ja lisada pildi sarjast \u201eKui programmeerimiskeeled oleks relvad\u201c, aga me ei tee seda). Windows Core'is on selliseid vabadusi palju v\u00e4hem, kuna me tegeleme ikkagi Microsofti tootega.<\/p>\n

Windows Server Core tarnitakse juba valmis kogumina, mille vaikimisi konfigureerimist v\u00f5ib hinnata eespool toodud tabeli alusel. Kui teil on vaja midagi loetletud toetamatute elementide seast, peate lisama puuduvad osad otse Linuxi konsoolist. Oluline on aga meeles pidada, et Feature on demand ja v\u00f5imalus laadida komponente CAB-failide kujul, mille saab siis installimise eel lisada kogumisse. Kuid see stsenaarium ei toimi, kui leiate, et te ei saa m\u00f5nda l\u00f5igatud teenust.<\/p>\n

Ent mis eristab Core-versiooni t\u00e4isversioonist \u2014 see on s\u00fcsteemi uuendamise ja teenuste lisamise v\u00f5imalus ilma t\u00f6\u00f6 katkestamata. Windows Core toetab pakettide 'kuumakatte' jagamist, ilma et oleks vaja taastada. Tulemuseks on, et praktikas tuleb Windows Core'i haldava masina taask\u00e4ivitamist teha umbes 6 korda harvemini kui Windows Server'i haldamisel, st kord kuue kuu jooksul, mitte kord kuus.<\/p>\n

Administratoritele on meeldiv boonus, et kui s\u00fcsteemi kasutada nii, nagu see oli ette n\u00e4htud - l\u00e4bi konsoli, ilma RDP-ta - ja mitte muuta seda teiseks Windows Serveriks, siis see muutub v\u00f5rreldes t\u00e4ieliku versiooniga \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt turvaliseks. L\u00f5ppude l\u00f5puks esinevad enamik Windows Serveri haavatavusi just RDP-s ja kasutaja tegevustes, kes RDP kaudu teeb seda, mida ei tohi. See on umbes nagu Henry Fordi lugu tema suhtumisest auto v\u00e4rvi: \"Igal kliendil on \u00f5igus valida auto v\u00e4rv, mida ta soovib, kuni see on must<\/strong>\". Nii on ka s\u00fcsteemiga: kasutaja saab s\u00fcsteemiga suhelda iga soovitud viisi kaudu, peamine on, et ta teeb seda l\u00e4bi konsoli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Windows Server 2019 Core'i installimine ja haldamine<\/h2>\n

\nOleme varem maininud, et Windows Core on tegelikult Windows Server ilma GUI kattekihtita. See t\u00e4hendab, et saate kasutada peaaegu igat Windows Serveri versiooni core-variantina, see t\u00e4hendab, et loobute GUI-st. Windows Server 2019 tooteperes on 3 4-st serveriversioonist: core-re\u017eiim on saadaval Windows Server 2019 Standard Editionis, Windows Server 2019 Datacenteris ja Hyper-V Server 2019-s, seega j\u00e4\u00e4b sellest loendist v\u00e4lja ainult Windows Server 2019 Essentials. <\/p>\n

Samas ei pea Windows Server Core'i installimispaketti eraldi otsima. Microsofti tavalises installijates pakutakse core-versiooni sisuliselt vaikimisi, samas kui GUI versioon tuleb valida k\u00e4sitsi:<\/p>\n

\"Pressing
\nS\u00fcsteemi haldamise v\u00f5imalusi on tegelikult rohkem kui \u00fcks mainitud PowerShell, mida tootja vaikimisi pakub. Windows Server Core'i virtuaalmasina haldamiseks on minimaalset viis erinevat viisi:<\/p>\n