{"id":84696,"date":"2020-06-10T01:42:59","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T23:42:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/hosting-i-vydelennye-servery-otvechaem-na-voprosy-chast-4"},"modified":"2020-06-10T01:42:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T23:42:59","slug":"hosting-i-vydelennye-servery-otvechaem-na-voprosy-chast-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/hosting-i-vydelennye-servery-otvechaem-na-voprosy-chast-4","title":{"rendered":"Veebihosting ja p\u00fchendatud serverid: vastame k\u00fcsimustele. Osa 4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Selles artiklisarjas tahame k\u00e4sitleda k\u00fcsimusi, mis tekivad inimestel t\u00f6\u00f6tades veebihostinguteenuse pakkujate ja p\u00fchendatud serveritega. Enamiku aruteludest oleme pidanud ingliskeelsetel foorumitel, p\u00fc\u00fcdes kasutajatele esmajoones anda n\u00f5u, mitte reklaamida ennast, pakkudes v\u00f5imalikult \u00fcksikasjalikku ja erapooletut vastust, sest meie kogemus valdkonnas ulatub juba \u00fcle 14 aasta, sadu edukaid lahendusi ja tuhandeid rahulolevaid kliente. Siiski ei tohi meie vastuseid k\u00e4sitleda kui ainsaid \u00f5igeid vastuseid, nad v\u00f5ivad sisaldada ebat\u00e4psusi ja isegi vigu, keegi ei ole ideaalne. Oleme t\u00e4nulikud, kui t\u00e4iendate v\u00f5i parandate neid kommentaarides.<\/p>\n

\"Veebihosting
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVeebihosting ja p\u00fchendatud serverid: vastame k\u00fcsimustele. Osa 1<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVeebihosting ja p\u00fchendatud serverid: vastame k\u00fcsimustele. Osa 2. Miks on selline kallis Interneti-\u00fchendus andmekeskuses?<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVeebihosting ja p\u00fchendatud serverid: vastame k\u00fcsimustele. Osa 3<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Miks on serveri hind, millel on 100 TB liikluspiirang ja 1 Gbit\/s kanal, palju madalam kui serveri hind, millel on 1 Gbit\/s kanal ilma liikluseta? Sest kui rentida 2-3 serverit 1 Gbit\/s kanali ja 100 TB piiranguga, saab kasutada t\u00e4pselt sama palju kui serveri puhul, millel on 1 Gbps Unmetered, v\u00f5i isegi rohkem kanalit tipphetkedel, samas kui pakkuja tegelikult pakub rohkem riistvara, rohkem \u00fchendusi ja madalamat hinda?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nAsi on selles, et pakkujad, pakkudes servereid suhteliselt suure liikluspiiranguga v\u00f5i isegi \u201epiiramatu\u201c liiklusega v\u00e4ikese raha eest, v\u00f5tavad arvesse oma klientide keskmisi tarbimismustreid. Selgus, et enamik kliente, kes ostavad selliseid kanaleid, ei kasuta neile antud \u00fchenduvust t\u00e4ielikult. Just seet\u00f5ttu on v\u00f5imalik teha selliseid pakkumisi.<\/p>\n

100 TB liiklust \u2014 \u00fcsna suur piirang. See on rohkem kui 100 Mbps Unmetered. Kui meil on 100 Mbit\/s kanal ilma arvestuseta, saame maksimaalselt edastada 100 (kiirus megabittides) * 86400 (sekundid p\u00e4evas) * 30 (p\u00e4eva) \/ 8 (bitti baitides) \/ 1000 (megabeitides gigabaitides, kui arvestame 1000, mitte 1024, 1024 on bit kibibitides) = 32 400 GB kuus igas suunas, kui kanal on pidevalt 100%-liselt kasutusel. Kuid nagu me teame, ei tarbi serverid liiklust pidevalt ja sageli v\u00f5ivad p\u00e4evased tarbimisk\u00f5verad olla sellised:<\/p>\n

\"Veebihosting
\n
\nM\u00f5nel v\u00f5ivad tipud saavutada maksimumi l\u00e4bilaskev\u00f5imes ja n\u00f5uda ausat 1 Gbit\/s nendel hetkedel. Kuid kuu \u00fcldine liikluse piirang ei pruugi peaaegu \u00fcletatud olla:<\/p>\n

\"Veebihosting
\n
\nSellised kliendid ei ole pakkujate jaoks eriti kasumlikud, seet\u00f5ttu p\u00fc\u00fcab pakkuja neid viia Unmetered'i, kuna kui ta pakub teenuseid klientidele \u00fchest piirkonnast, on t\u00f5en\u00e4oline, et tarbimise tipud kattuvad ja see 'aus' gigabit, mida pakkuja suudab m\u00fc\u00fca, ei pruugi ulatuda \u00fcle 1,2 kliendi. Kui aga pakkujal on kliente erinevatest piirkondadest, on t\u00e4iesti v\u00f5imalik, et kanal m\u00fc\u00fcakse kahele v\u00f5i enamale tellijale korraga, kuna tarbimise tipud erinevatel auditooriumidel on ajaliselt erinevad. Tegelikult ei tarbi aga sugugi iga klient oma 100 TB limiiti, seet\u00f5ttu on serverite pakkumine 100 TB liiklusega \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt kasulik. <\/p>\n

Veelgi enam, kui \u00fchendame riiulitega 10 gigabiti kanaleid, suudame v\u00e4ga t\u00f5husalt jaotada liiklust k\u00f5igi vahel. Me suudame jagada 10 Gbit\/s kanali keskmiselt 5 riiuli vahel, millel on serverid 100 TB limiidiga. See on umbes 150 serverit. Kuna \u00fche 47-rakendus\u00fcksusega riiuli mahutab kas 41 \u00fchesuunalist serverit v\u00f5i 21 kahe suunaga serverit. <\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5ttes on kanali kogutarbimine j\u00e4rgmine:<\/p>\n

\"Veebihosting
\n
\nKui aga keelduda teenindamast tellijaid, kes genereerivad palju liiklust (peamine panus kanali koormusse on v\u00e4hem kui 10 serverit 150-st, mis on sellel porti), siis on v\u00f5imalik serverite arvu suurendada 300-ni ja rohkem. Ja k\u00f5ik on rahul ning k\u00f5igile j\u00e4tkub liiklust. <\/p>\n

Siiski on ka teisi viise, kuidas s\u00e4\u00e4sta ja mitte h\u00e4irida tellijaid \u2014 \u00fchendada odavam transiit\u00fclesanne v\u00f5i suunata liiklus vahetuspunkti v\u00f5i peeringusse tasuta, kui olete suur liikluse genereerija. <\/p>\n

Just this allows us to maintain low prices, without denying subscribers service, paying transit providers \u20ac1500-6000 for every 10G depending on how good the transit provider is, and selling connectivity at a loss with a certain oversell ratio, where each subscriber has their ordered fair channel, without interfering with each other. <\/p>\n

It becomes immediately clear why the price for 1Gbps Unmetered is significantly higher, because if with 100 terabyte servers, not everyone consumes their limit, a customer who orders 1Gbps Unmetered will clearly use a large portion of the channel. Although we have seen the above exception and an example of how to generate almost 1 Gbit\/s traffic in peaks while still being within 100 terabyte limits, this is an exception, not a typical pattern. <\/p>\n

My administrator installed the vnstatd program on the server, traffic is monitored from the interface every 5 minutes. Does it take everything into account? It shows that 87 TB has been used, while the provider says that 96 TB has been used and the traffic is almost over. I trust my sysadmin, he is an excellent specialist. And if he says the provider is overestimating consumption, then it is indeed so. Moreover, the fact that they started playing with values, giving different values for traffic for the same period during the discussion, also indicates this. We are still waiting for an answer to the question \"how is that possible?\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The thing is that some traffic accounting programs track data in TiB instead of TB. In tebibytes, not terabytes. That is, accounting is done using a binary system instead of a decimal system, based on the fact that in a kilobyte, or more accurately, in a kibibyte, there are 1024 bytes, not 1000.<\/p>\n

Oluline on m\u00e4rkida, et marketingi eesm\u00e4rkidel ei kasutata seda erinevust, ISO (Rahvusvaheline Standardimisorganisatsioon) on juba ammu sisse seadnud eesliite \u00abbi\u00bb binaarsete baitide jaoks, st kibibaitide, mibibaitide, gibibaitide ja tibibaitide jaoks. Siiski on turundus toimunud ning kui salvestusseadmete tootjad suudavad k\u00fcmnendike baitide toel n\u00e4idata v\u00e4iksemaid salvestusmahte, siis andmete m\u00f5\u00f5tmise ja j\u00e4lgimise puhul on olukord vastupidine. Juhul, kui hostimisteenuse pakkuja pakub 100 TB liiklust, annab ta seda v\u00e4hem, kui see v\u00f5iks tegelikult olla, kui seda arvestada binaars\u00fcsteemi j\u00e4rgi.<\/p>\n

Tundub, et erinevus ei ole suur, vaid ainult 24 baiti 1000 kohta, viga on vaid 2,4%, kuid miks tekib nii suur erinevus, umbes 10%? Kas t\u00f5esti pole mingit liiklust arvesse v\u00f5etud?<\/p>\n

Asi on selles, et ei tohi unustada, et \u201cviga\u201d koguneb, nimelt:<\/p>\n

1024 baiti kibibaitis (kui r\u00e4\u00e4kida ISO standardite kohaselt), mibibaitis on juba 1024*1024 = 1 048 576 baiti, gibibaitis \u2014 1024*1024*1024 = 1 073 741 824, ja tibibaitis \u2014 1024*1024*1024*1024 = 1 099 511 627 776.<\/p>\n

\u00dcllatav p\u00f6\u00f6rde? Jah?<\/p>\n

Liiklust teraaibaitides m\u00f5\u00f5tes on erinevus m\u00f5\u00f5t\u00fchikute vahel t\u00e4pselt 10%!<\/p>\n

\"Veebihosting<\/p>\n

Veelgi enam, erinevus andmetes, mis v\u00f5etakse l\u00fcliti pordist ja serveri pordist, v\u00f5ib olla p\u00f5hjustatud DDOS-r\u00fcnnakust, mis ei j\u00f5ua kliendini ja v\u00f5ib olla k\u00f5rvaldatud \u201emarsruutimise\u201c tasandil, kuid selle k\u00e4igus toimub siiski liikluse tarbimine. <\/p>\n

Samuti tuleb arvestada, et m\u00f5nikord arvestab programm liiklust mitte k\u00f5igilt portidelt ja teatud liiklus v\u00f5ib \u201elibiseda\u201c j\u00e4lgimisest m\u00f6\u00f6da. <\/p>\n

Ja tuleb ka m\u00e4rkida, et kui pakutakse piiratud liiklust, arvestatakse sageli kumulatiivset sissetulevat + v\u00e4ljuvat liiklust, ja kui teil on n\u00e4iteks VPN-teenus, on suhe 1:1 ning teie kliendid saavad kokku kulutada mitte rohkem kui 50 TB liiklust, kui piirang on 100.<\/p>\n

J\u00e4tkub\u2026<\/p>\n

Veidi reklaami \ud83d\ude42<\/h3>\n

\nAit\u00e4h, et olete meiega. Kas teile meeldivad meie artiklid? Kas soovite n\u00e4ha rohkem huvitavat sisu? Toetage meid, tellides teenuse v\u00f5i soovitades meid tuttavatele. Pilve VPS arendajatele alates $4.99<\/a><\/noindex>, ainulaadne entry-level serverite analoog, mille oleme teie jaoks v\u00e4lja m\u00f5elnud:<\/b> Kogu t\u00f5de VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps alates $19 v\u00f5i kuidas jagada serverit \u00f5igesti?<\/a><\/noindex> (saadaval RAID1 ja RAID10 variandid, kuni 24 tuuma ja kuni 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd on Equinixi Tier IV andmekeskuses Amsterdamis kaks korda odavam?<\/b> Ainult meie juures 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB alates $199<\/a><\/noindex> Hollandis! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 alates $99!<\/b><\/b> Lugege sellest Kuidas luua ettev\u00f5tte tasemel infrastruktuuri, kasutades Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 servereid, mille hind on 9000 eurot, taskukohase hinna eest?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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