{"id":85959,"date":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0"},"modified":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","slug":"sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","title":{"rendered":"Bootstrapi k\u00e4ivituspiltide loomine v1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"


\n \"Bootstrapi<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Tutvustan teile raamistikku nimega boobstrap, mis on kirjutatud POSIX shellis, et luua k\u00e4ivitusarvutusi GNU\/Linuxi distributsioonide jaoks. Raamistik v\u00f5imaldab l\u00e4bida kogu protsessi kolme lihtsa sammuga: alates s\u00fcsteemi seadistamisest chrootis, initramfs-pildi loomisega, mis sisaldab chrootis olevat s\u00fcsteemi, ja l\u00f5puks k\u00e4ivitus-ISO-pildi loomisega. Boobstrap sisaldab kolme utiliiti: mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs ja mkbootisofs vastavalt.<\/p>\n

mkbootstrap paigutab s\u00fcsteemi eraldi katalooge, pakkudes kodumaist tuge CRUX-i jaoks, ning Arch Linuxi \/ Manjaro ja Debian-p\u00f5histe distributsioonide puhul tuleb kasutada kolmandate osapoolte utiliite pacstrap, basestrap ja debootstrap vastavalt.<\/p>\n

mkinitramfs loob initramfs-pildi, mille abil saate kasutada installitud s\u00fcsteemi kaustas kui «overlay», mis on SquashFS abil kokku pressitud, v\u00f5i sisenedes s\u00fcsteemi otse tmpfs-is. N\u00e4iteks k\u00e4sk mkinitramfs `mktemp -d` —overlay "arch-chroot\/" —overlay "\/home" —squashfs-xz —output initrd loob initrd faili, lisades sellesse kaks overlay'd «arch-chroot\/» s\u00fcsteemiga ja teie «\/home», mis on SquashFS abil kokku pressitud, mida saate seej\u00e4rel PXE kaudu tmpfs-i laadida v\u00f5i luua k\u00e4ivitatava ISO-pildi koos selle initrd-ga.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs loob BIOS \/ UEFI k\u00e4ivitatava ISO-pildi antud kataloogist. Katalooge piisab kui panna \/boot\/vmlinuz ja \/boot\/initrd.<\/p>\n

boobstrap ei kasuta busybox'i, vaid t\u00f6\u00f6keskkonna initramfs loomiseks kopeeritakse minimaalne hulga programmesk ohutuks k\u00e4ivitamiseks ldd abil, mis on vajalikid s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitamiseks ja vahetamiseks. Kopeeritavate programmide nimekirja, nagu ka k\u00f5ike muud, saab seadistada konfiguratsioonifaili \/etc\/boobstrap\/boobstrap.conf kaudu. Samuti v\u00f5ite installida igasuguse minimalistliku distributsiooni eraldi chroot\/-i, mille k\u00e4est saab hiljem luua t\u00e4ieliku initramfs keskkonna. Sellise minimalistliku, kuid samas t\u00e4ieliku keskkonnana on soovitatav kasutada mudelit «crux_gnulinux-embedded», mis p\u00e4rast xz-d kaalub kokku 37 MB. busybox'i, vaatamata oma suurusele, 3-5 MB v\u00f5rreldes 30-50 MB t\u00e4ieliku GNU\/Linux keskkonna, ei paku rohkem mingeid eeliseid, seega busybox'i kasutamine projektis ei tundu m\u00f5ttekas.<\/p>\n

Kuidas kiiresti testida t\u00f6\u00f6v\u00f5imet ja alustada t\u00f6\u00f6d? Paigaldage ja k\u00e4ivitage.<\/p>\n

# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/boobstrap.git
\n# cd boobstrap
\n# make install# boobstrap\/tests\/crux_gnulinux-download-and-build
\n# qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -cdrom tmp.*\/install.iso<\/p>\n

Samuti peab teil installima s\u00f5ltuvused, nimelt: cpio, grub, grub-efi, dosfstools, xorriso. squashfs-tools'i kasutamine ei ole kohustuslik, saate t\u00f6\u00f6tada tmpfs-is, kui ops\u00fcsteemis on piisavalt m\u00e4lu. Kui s\u00fcsteemist puudub midagi, teavitab boobstrap selle k\u00e4ivitamisel.<\/p>\n

Konfiguratsioonide loomise lihtsustamiseks pakub bootstrap kasutada \u201emalle\u201c ja \u201es\u00fcsteeme\u201c, mille olemus seisneb \u201emallide\u201c (bootstrap-templates\/) abil kiire s\u00fcsteemide paigaldamise failist, samas kui \u201es\u00fcsteeme\u201c (bootstrap-systems\/) kasutatakse l\u00f5plike konfiguratsioonide seadistamiseks.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4iteks skripti boobstrap\/bootstrap-templates\/crux_gnulinux-embedded.bbuild k\u00e4ivitamine loob minimaalsete seadistustega CRUX GNU\/Linux s\u00fcsteemi ja salvestab selle faili crux_gnulinux-embedded.rootfs. Seej\u00e4rel k\u00e4ivitate boobstrap\/bootstrap-systems\/default\/crux_gnulinux.bbuild, mis laadib algse seadistuse eelmainitud failist, teeb k\u00f5ik vajalikud seadistused ja valmistab ette k\u00e4ivitatava ISO. See on mugav, kui n\u00e4iteks palju s\u00fcsteeme kasutab sarnast konfiguratsiooni: et iga kord mitte kirjeldada sama pakettide komplekti, kasutate \u00fchte mall, mille alusel loote k\u00e4ivitatavad s\u00fcsteemi pilte l\u00f5ppkonfiguratsiooniga.<\/p>\n

Kus seda k\u00f5ik kasutada?<\/p>\n

Seadistate s\u00fcsteemi failis \u00fche korra ja selle k\u00e4ivitamisega teete selle kokkuv\u00f5tte ja\/v\u00f5i uuenduse. S\u00fcsteem t\u00f6\u00f6tab tmpfs-i all, mist\u00f5ttu on see sisuliselt \u00fchekordne. Kui s\u00fcsteem rikke korral, siis \u00fche nupuvajutusega Reset naasete algsesse olekusse. Saate rahulikult k\u00e4ivitada rm -rf \/.<\/p>\n

Saate seadistada k\u00f5igi oma s\u00fcsteemide konfiguratsioone kohapeal, luua pilte, testida neid virtuaalses masinas v\u00f5i eraldi 'rajal', seej\u00e4rel laadida need kaugserverisse ja v\u00e4rskendada kogu s\u00fcsteemi vaid kahe k\u00e4suga kexec -l \/vmlinuz \u2014initrd=\/initrd && kexec -e, taask\u00e4ivitades selle tmpfs.<\/p>\n

Sarnaselt saate te t\u00f5lkida k\u00f5ik s\u00fcsteemid, n\u00e4iteks VDS, tmpfs-re\u017eiimi t\u00f6\u00f6ks, ning kr\u00fcpteerida ketta \\\/dev\\\/vda, kasutades seda ainult andmete jaoks, ilma et oleks vaja opereerivat s\u00fcsteemi seal hoida. Ainus \u201einformatsiooni lekkimise koht\u201d on sel juhul vaid teie virtuaalmasina \u201ek\u00fclm dump\u201d m\u00e4lust. Kui s\u00fcsteem on kompromiteeritud (nt ssh parooli kaudu v\u00f5i exim haavatavuse t\u00f5ttu), saate laadida uue ISO l\u00e4bi oma teenusepakkuja \u201ejuhtpaneeli\u201d, et taastada VDS, unustamata samas redigeerida s\u00fcsteemi konfiguratsiooni, sulgedes k\u00f5ik haavatavused. See on kiirem kui uuesti paigaldamine ja seej\u00e4rel seadistamine ja\\\/v\u00f5i varukoopiatest taastamine, sest p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt on laaditav ISO teie s\u00fcsteemiga teie varukoopia. \u201eSeitsme viletsuse vastu \u2013 \u00fcks Reset.\u201d<\/p>\n

L\u00f5puks v\u00f5ite luua mistahes jaotuse oma vajadustele vastavalt, salvestada selle USB-m\u00e4lupulgale ja t\u00f6\u00f6tada sellega, vajadusel uuendades ja taas salvestades USB-m\u00e4lupulgale. K\u00f5ik andmed salvestage \u201epilvedesse\u201d. Ei ole enam vaja muretseda s\u00fcsteemi s\u00e4ilitamise p\u00e4rast ja teha selle varukoopiaid, kuna s\u00fcsteem on, nagu ma \u00fctlesin, sisuliselt saanud \u201e\u00fchekordseks\u201d.<\/p>\n

Teie soovitused, ettepanekud ja m\u00e4rkused on teretulnud.<\/p>\n

Repositooriumis lingil on \u00fcksikasjalik README-fail (ingliskeeles), kus on kirjas iga t\u00f6\u00f6riista kirjeldus ja kasutusn\u00e4idised, samuti on olemas \u00fcksikasjalik dokumentatsioon vene keeles ja arengulugu, mis on saadaval lingil: K\u00e4ivitusskripti kompleks boobstrap<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c boobstrap, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 GNU\/Linux. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 chroot, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f initramfs-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 chroot, \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ISO-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. boobstrap \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":85960,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Bootstrapi piltide loomine v1.0 | ProHoster","description":"Soovin tutvustada teile raamistikku nimega boobstrap, mis on kirjutatud POSIX shellis, et luua k\u00e4ivituspilte GNU\/Linux distributsioonidest. Raamistik v\u00f5imaldab l\u00e4bida kogu tee kolme lihtsa sammu jooksul: s\u00fcsteemi redigeerimine chrootis, initramfs-pildi loomine, mis sisaldab endas chrooti s\u00fcsteemi ja l\u00f5puks k\u00e4ivitus ISO-pildi loomine. boobstrap sisaldab kolme t\u00f6\u00f6riista mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 boobstrap v1.0 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c boobstrap, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 GNU\/Linux. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 chroot, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f initramfs-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 chroot, \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ISO-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. boobstrap \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-06-20T11:42:30+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-06-20T11:42:30+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"85959","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 14:27:25","updated":"2022-09-27 23:23:39"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85959\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}