{"id":85959,"date":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0"},"modified":"2020-06-20T13:42:30","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T11:42:30","slug":"sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/sozdanie-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-boobstrap-v1-0","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e4ivitamine bootstrapi kujutiste loomine v1.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"


\n \"K\u00e4ivitamine<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Soovin tutvustada teile raamistikku nimega boobstrap, mis on kirjutatud POSIX shellis ning m\u00f5eldud GNU\/Linux jaotiste bootable piltide loomiseks. Raamistik v\u00f5imaldab l\u00e4bida kogu protsessi kolme lihtsa sammuga: alates s\u00fcsteemi seadistamisest chrootis, initramfs-pildi loomisest, mis sisaldab s\u00fcsteemi chrootist, kuni bootable ISO-pildi loomisega. Boobstrap sisaldab kolme utiliiti: mkbootstrap, mkinitramfs ja mkbootisofs vastavalt.<\/p>\n

mkbootstrap paigaldab s\u00fcsteemi eraldi katalooge, omades natiivset tuge CRUXile, ning Arch Linuxi \/ Manjaro ja Debianil p\u00f5hinevate jaotiste puhul tuleb kasutada s\u00f5ltumatuid utiliite pacstrap, basestrap ja debootstrap vastavalt.<\/p>\n

mkinitramfs loob initramfs-pilti, saate kasutada installitud s\u00fcsteemi kataloogis kui «ooverlay», mis on SquashFS abil surutud, v\u00f5i laadida s\u00fcsteemi otse tmpfs-i. N\u00e4iteks, k\u00e4sk mkinitramfs `mktemp -d` —overlay "arch-chroot\/&#quot; —overlay "\/home" —squashfs-xz —output initrd loob initrd faili, mis sisaldab kahte ooverlay'd «arch-chroot\/» s\u00fcsteemi ja teie «\/home», mis on SquashFS abil surutud, mida saate seej\u00e4rel PXE kaudu tmpfs-i laadida, v\u00f5i luua selle initrd-ga bootitava ISO-pildi.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs loob BIOSi \/ UEFI bootable ISO-pildi antud kataloogist. Katalooge piisab, kui panna sinna \\\/boot\\\/vmlinuz ja \\\/boot\\\/initrd.<\/p>\n

boobstrap ei kasuta busybox'i, vaid initramfs'i t\u00f6\u00f6tava keskkonna loomiseks kopeeritakse minimaalne kogus programme ldd abil, mis on vajalikud s\u00fcsteemi k\u00e4ivitamiseks ja sisse l\u00fclitamiseks. Kopeerimise programmide nimekirja, nagu k\u00f5ike muud, saab seadistada konfigureerimisfaili \/etc\/boobstrap\/boobstrap.conf kaudu. Lisaks saate installida m\u00f5ne minimaalse jaotuse eraldi chroot'i, millest seej\u00e4rel luua t\u00e4ieliku initramfs keskkonna. Sellise minimaalse, kuid samas t\u00e4ieliku keskkonnana soovitatakse kasutada malli «crux_gnulinux-embedded», mis p\u00e4rast xz kokku v\u00f5tab kompromisse ja on 37mb. busybox ei paku oma suurusest k\u00f5rval, mis on 3-5mb v\u00f5rreldes 30-50mb t\u00e4ieliku GNU\/Linux keskkonnaga, enam mingeid eeliseid, seega ei n\u00e4hta busybox'i kasutamine projektis otstarbekana.<\/p>\n

Kuidas kiiresti kontrollida t\u00f6\u00f6valmidust ja alustada t\u00f6\u00f6d? Paigaldage ja k\u00e4ivitage.<\/p>\n

# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/sp00f1ng\/boobstrap.git
\n# cd boobstrap
\n# make install# boobstrap\/tests\/crux_gnulinux-download-and-build
\n# qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -cdrom tmp.*\/install.iso<\/p>\n

Samuti peate installima s\u00f5ltuvused, nimelt: cpio, grub, grub-efi, dosfstools, xorriso. squashfs-tools'i kasutamine ei ole kohustuslik, saate t\u00f6\u00f6tada tmpfs keskkonnas, kui teie s\u00fcsteemis on piisavalt RAM-i. Kui midagi s\u00fcsteemist puudub, teavitab boobstrap teid sellest k\u00e4ivitamisel.<\/p>\n

Konfigureerimise loomise lihtsustamiseks pakub boobstrap «malleid» ja «s\u00fcsteeme», mille sisu on kasutada «malle» (bootstrap-templates\/) s\u00fcsteemide kiireks installimiseks failist, samas kui «s\u00fcsteeme» (bootstrap-systems\/) tuleb kasutada l\u00f5ppkonfiguratsioonide seadistamiseks.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4iteks skripti k\u00e4ivitamine boobstrap\/bootstrap-templates\/crux_gnulinux-embedded.bbuild installib minimaalsete konfiguratsioonidega CRUX GNU\/Linux s\u00fcsteemi ja salvestab selle faili crux_gnulinux-embedded.rootfs. Edasi k\u00e4ivitate boobstrap\/bootstrap-systems\/default\/crux_gnulinux.bbuild, mis laadib algkonfiguratsiooni nimetatud failist, teostab kogu vajalikud seadistused ja valmistab ette bootitava ISO. See on mugav, kui n\u00e4iteks mitmed s\u00fcsteemid kasutavad \u00fchesugust konfiguratsiooni: et mitte iga kord sama paketide komplekti kirja panna, kasutate \u00fchte malle, mille alusel loote bootitavad s\u00fcsteemide kujundid koos l\u00f5pliku konfiguratsiooniga.<\/p>\n

Kus seda kasutada?<\/p>\n

Seate s\u00fcsteemi failis \u00fche korra ja selle k\u00e4ivitamisega saate seda koostada ja\/v\u00f5i uuendada. S\u00fcsteem t\u00f6\u00f6tab tmpfs-is, mist\u00f5ttu on see p\u00f5him\u00f5tteliselt \u00fchekordne. Kui s\u00fcsteem eba\u00f5nnestub, tagastate \u00fche nupuvajutusega Reset algolekusse. V\u00f5ite rahulikult t\u00e4ita rm -rf \/.<\/p>\n

Saate konfigureerida k\u00f5igi oma s\u00fcsteemide seadistusi kohalikult, luua pilte, testida neid virtuaalses masinas v\u00f5i eraldi «rauda», seej\u00e4rel laadida need kaugserverisse ja kahe k\u00e4sklusega kexec -l \/vmlinuz —initrd=\/initrd && kexec -e kogu s\u00fcsteemi t\u00e4ielikult v\u00e4rskendada, taask\u00e4ivitades selle tmpfs-i.<\/p>\n

Samuti saate k\u00f5iki s\u00fcsteeme, n\u00e4iteks VDS-i, t\u00f5lkida tmpfsi t\u00f6\u00f6ks, ning kettad \/dev\/vda kr\u00fcpteerida ja kasutada ainult andmete jaoks, ilma et oleks vaja operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi seal hoida. Ainsaks \u201eteabe lekkimise kohaks\u201c sellisel juhul j\u00e4\u00e4b ainult \u201ek\u00fclm m\u00e4lu dump\u201c teie virtuaalmasinas, ja s\u00fcsteemi kompromiteerimise korral (n\u00e4iteks ssh parooli proovimise v\u00f5i eximi haavatavuse kaudu) saate laadida uue ISO oma teenusepakkuja \u201ejuhtpaneeli\u201c kaudu, et tuua VDS taas t\u00f6\u00f6se, unustamata samas s\u00fcsteemi konfiguratsiooni redigeerida, sulgedes k\u00f5ik haavatavused. See on kiirem kui uuesti installimine, j\u00e4rgnev seadistamine ja\/v\u00f5i varukoopiast taastamine, sest sisuliselt on laaditav ISO teie s\u00fcsteemiga teie varukoopia. \u201eSeitsme vaeva - \u00fcks reset.\u201c<\/p>\n

L\u00f5puks v\u00f5ite luua mis tahes jaotuse oma \u00fclesannete jaoks, kirjutada selle USB-m\u00e4luseadmest ja t\u00f6\u00f6tada selles, v\u00e4rskendades vajadusel ja uuesti kirjutades selle USB-m\u00e4luseadmest. K\u00f5ik andmed hoida \u201epilvedes\u201c. Ei ole enam vaja muretseda s\u00fcsteemi s\u00e4ilitamise ja varukoopia tegemise p\u00e4rast, kui s\u00fcsteem, nagu \u00fctlesin, on sisuliselt \u201e\u00fchekordne\u201c.<\/p>\n

Teie soovitused, ettepanekud ja m\u00e4rkused on teretulnud.<\/p>\n

Repo alloleval lingil on \u00fcksikasjalik README-fail (inglise keeles), mis kirjeldab iga utiliidi ja kasutusn\u00e4iteid, samuti on olemas \u00fcksikasjalik dokumentatsioon vene keeles ja arengulugu, mis on saadaval j\u00e4rgmise lingi kaudu: K\u00e4ivitusskriptide kompleks boobstrap<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0425\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c boobstrap, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 GNU\/Linux. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: \u043e\u0442 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