{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. Seotud \u00fche kettiga","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kuidas on Timewebis rakendatud Apache & Nginx sidet<\/i><\/p>\n

Paljude ettev\u00f5tete jaoks on Nginx + Apache + PHP v\u00e4ga t\u00fc\u00fcpiline ja levinud kombinatsioon, ning Timeweb ei ole siin erand. Siiski v\u00f5ib olla huvitav ja kasulik m\u00f5ista, kuidas see t\u00e4pselt toimib. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nSellise kombinatsiooni kasutamine on kindlasti dikteeritud meie klientide vajadustest. Nginx ja Apache m\u00e4ngivad kumbki erilist rolli, lahendades kindlaid \u00fclesandeid.<\/p>\n

Peamised seaded Apache<\/b> teostatakse Apache konfiguratsioonifailides, samas kui kliendilehe seadistused toimuvad l\u00e4bi faili .htaccess<\/b>. .htaccess on konfiguratsioonifail, kus klient saab iseseisvalt m\u00e4\u00e4rata veebiserveri reeglid ja k\u00e4itumise. Selline seadistus kehtib konkreetse saidi kohta. N\u00e4iteks saavad kasutajad Apache'i funktsionaalsuse abil muuta t\u00f6\u00f6re\u017eiimi \u00fche PHP versiooni raames mod_php-st mod_cgi-le; seadistada \u00fcmbersuunamisi, SEO optimeerimist, s\u00f5bralikke URL-e, teatud limiite PHP jaoks.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> kasutatakse proksiserverina liikluse suunamiseks Apache'ile ja nagu veebiserver<\/a> staatilise sisu edastamiseks. Samuti oleme Nginx jaoks v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud turvamoodulid, mis kaitsevad meie kasutajate andmeid, n\u00e4iteks jagades juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su\u00f5igusi. <\/p>\n

Kujutame ette, et m\u00f5ni kasutaja siseneb meie kliendi veebisaidile. Esiteks j\u00f5uab kasutaja Nginx'ile, mis edastab staatilise sisu. See toimub hetkega. Seej\u00e4rel, kui asi j\u00f5uab PHP laadimiseni, suunab Nginx p\u00e4ringu Apache'i. Ja Apache koos PHP'ga genereerib d\u00fcnaamilise sisu.<\/p>\n

Apache ja Nginx koost\u00f6\u00f6 erip\u00e4rad Timewebis <\/h3>\n

\nMeie virtuaalses hostimises on rakendatud kaks peamist Apache ja Nginx t\u00f6\u00f6re\u017eiimi: Shared ja Dedicated<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nShared re\u017eiim<\/b><\/p>\n

Seda re\u017eiimi kasutab enamik kasutajaid. Selle erip\u00e4ra on lihtsus ja ressursit\u00f5husus: Shared-re\u017eiim kasutab v\u00e4hem ressursse, seet\u00f5ttu on ka selle hind madalam. Selle re\u017eiimi kohaselt t\u00f6\u00f6tab serveris \u00fcks Nginx, mis teenindab k\u00f5iki kasutaja p\u00e4ringuid, ning mitu Apache'i eksemplari.<\/p>\n

Shared re\u017eiimi on pikka aega t\u00e4iustatud: aeglaselt oleme parandanud puudusi. Mugav on see, et seda saab teha ilma l\u00e4htekoodi kohandamata.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nShared re\u017eiim <\/i><\/p>\n

Dedicated re\u017eiim<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedicated n\u00f5uab rohkem ressursse, mist\u00f5ttu on selle hind k\u00f5rgem klientidele. Dedicated skeemi puhul k\u00e4ivitatakse iga kliendi jaoks oma, eraldi Apache. Ressursid on siin broneeritud kliendi jaoks, nad on eraldatud eksklusiivselt. Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab: serveris on mitu PHP versiooni. Toetame versioone 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. Nii k\u00e4ivitatakse iga PHP versiooniga oma Apache.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nDedicated skeem<\/i><\/p>\n

Safe zone. Nginxi tsoonide seadistamine<\/h3>\n

\nVarem kasutasime Nginxis palju jagatud m\u00e4lu tsoone (zone) \u2014 \u00fcks serveri plokk \u00fche domeeni jaoks. Selline seadistus n\u00f5uab suurt hulka ressursse, kuna iga veebisaidi jaoks luuakse eraldi tsoon. Ent Nginxi seadistustes on enamik veebisaite \u00fchesugused, seega on v\u00f5imalik neid \u00fche tsooni alla viia, kasutades direktiivi map moodulis ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, mis v\u00f5imaldab m\u00e4\u00e4rata vastavused. N\u00e4iteks on meil tsooni mall, kuhu peame varustama muutujad: tee saidile, PHP versiooni, kasutaja. Nii kiirenes Nginxi konfiguratsiooni lugemine, st reloading.<\/p>\n

Sarnane seadistus s\u00e4\u00e4stis palju ressursse ja kiirendas Nginxi t\u00f6\u00f6d.<\/p>\n

Reload ei \u00f5nnestu! <\/h3>\n

\nShared-schemas oleme elimineerinud Apache taask\u00e4ivitamise vajaduse, kui muudame saitide seadeid. Varem, kui \u00fcks klient soovis lisada domeeni v\u00f5i muuta PHP versiooni, n\u00f5udis see Apache'i kohustuslikku taask\u00e4ivitamist, mis p\u00f5hjustas viivitusi vastustes ja m\u00f5jutas saitide t\u00f6\u00f6d negatiivselt.<\/p>\n

Oleme taask\u00e4itamised elimineerinud d\u00fcnaamiliste konfiguratsioonide loomisega. T\u00e4nu mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> (Apache moodul), k\u00e4ib iga protsess eraldi kasutaja alt, mis t\u00f5stab turvalisuse taset. See meetod v\u00f5imaldab edastada Nginx'ist Apache2-sse kasutaja ja tema document_root'i andmed. Nii ei sisalda Apache veebisaitide konfiguratsiooni, vaid saadab need d\u00fcnaamiliselt ja taask\u00e4ivitamisi ei ole enam vaja.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nShared sch ema konfiguratsioon<\/i> <\/p>\n

Aga kuidas on Dockeriga?<\/h3>\n

\nPaljud ettev\u00f5tted on \u00fcle l\u00e4inud konteineritele p\u00f5hinevale s\u00fcsteemile. Timeweb kaalub praegu sellist \u00fcleminekut. Muidugi, igas lahenduses saab leida nii plusse kui miinuseid. <\/p>\n

Kuigi konteinerite s\u00fcsteem pakub vaieldamatuid eeliseid, pakutakse kasutajale v\u00e4hem ressursse. Timewebis, t\u00e4nu kirjeldatud hostimismudelile, ei ole kasutajal m\u00e4lu piiranguid. Ta saab rohkem ressursse kui konteineris. Lisaks v\u00f5ib kasutajal olla \u00fcles laaditud rohkem Apache mooduleid.<\/p>\n

Timeweb toetab umbes 500 000 veebisaiti. Me kanname suurt vastutust ega tee kiireid, p\u00f5hjendamatuid muudatusi keerulises arhitektuuris. Apache & Nginx kombinatsioon on usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne ja ajas t\u00f5estatud. Omalt poolt p\u00fc\u00fcame saavutada maksimaalset j\u00f5udlust ainulaadsete konfiguratsioonidega.<\/p>\n

Suurte veebisaitide kvaliteetse ja kiire toimimise jaoks on vajalik kasutada Apache ja Nginx-i mallip\u00f5hist ja d\u00fcnaamilist konfiguratsiooni. See v\u00f5imaldab lihtsalt ja kiiresti hallata suurt arvu sarnaseid servereid.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Nii Nginx kui ka Apache m\u00e4ngivad erilist rolli, kumbki.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Apache & Nginx. \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 Apache & Nginx \u0432 Timeweb \u0414\u043b\u044f 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