{"id":88905,"date":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu"},"modified":"2020-07-16T07:42:06","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T05:42:06","slug":"apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/apache-nginx-svyazany-odnoj-czepyu","title":{"rendered":"Apache & Nginx. On seotud \u00fche ahela kaudu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kuidas on Apache ja Nginx \u00fchendatud Timewebis<\/i><\/p>\n

Paljudele ettev\u00f5tetele on Nginx + Apache + PHP v\u00e4ga t\u00fc\u00fcpiline ja levinud kombinatsioon ning Timeweb ei ole erand. Siiski on huvitav ja kasulik aru saada, kuidas see t\u00e4pselt teostatud on. <\/p>\n

\"Apache
\n
\nSelle kombinatsiooni kasutamine on loomulikult tingitud meie klientide vajadustest. Nginx ja Apache m\u00e4ngivad m\u00f5lemad erilist rolli, iga\u00fchel on oma \u00fclesanne.<\/p>\n

Peamised seaded Apache<\/b> teostatakse Apache enda konfiguratsioonifailides, samas kui kliendile kuuluvate veebisaitide seaded tehakse l\u00e4bi .htaccess-fail<\/b>.htaccess on konfiguratsioonifail, milles klient saab iseseisvalt seadistada veebiserveri reegleid ja k\u00e4itumist. Need seaded kehtivad konkreetselt tema veebisaidi kohta. N\u00e4iteks, t\u00e4nu Apache'ile saavad kasutajad muuta t\u00f6\u00f6re\u017eiime \u00fche PHP versiooni raames mod_php-st mod_cgi-le; v\u00f5imalik on seadistada \u00fcmbersuunamisi, SEO optimeerimist, mugavaid URL-e ja teatud limite PHP-le.<\/p>\n

Nginx<\/b> kasutatakse proksiserverina liikluse suunamiseks Apache'ile ja kui veebiserveriks<\/a> staatiliste sisu edastamiseks. Samuti oleme Nginxile v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud turvaharud, mis kaitsevad meie kasutajate andmeid, n\u00e4iteks jagavad juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su\u00f5igusi. <\/p>\n

Kujutame ette, et m\u00f5ni kasutaja siseneb meie kliendi veebisaidile. Esiteks satub kasutaja Nginxile, mis edastab staatilist sisu. See toimub hetkega. Seej\u00e4rel, kui on aeg PHP laadimiseks, suunab Nginx p\u00e4ringu Apache'ile. Ja Apache koos PHP-ga genereerib d\u00fcnaamilist sisu.<\/p>\n

Apache ja Nginx \u00fchendamise erip\u00e4rad Timewebis <\/h3>\n

\nMeie virtuaalses hostimises on Rakendatud 2 peamist skeemi Apache ja Nginxiga: Jagatud ja P\u00fchendatud<\/b>.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nJagatud skeem<\/b><\/p>\n

Seda skeemi kasutatakse enamikus kasutajates. Selle erip\u00e4ra on lihtsus ja ressursikasutuse efektiivsus: jagatud skeem kasutab v\u00e4hem ressursse, seega on selle hind ka madalam. Selle skeemi kohaselt on serveris k\u00e4ivitatud \u00fcks Nginx, mis teenindab k\u00f5iki kasutaja p\u00e4ringuid, ja mitu Apache'i eksemplari.<\/p>\n

Jagatud skeem on pikka aega t\u00e4iustatud: j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult oleme parandanud puudusi. Mugav on, et seda saab teha ilma algkoodi muutmiseta.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nJagatud skeem <\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00fchendatud skeem<\/b><\/p>\n

Dedicated n\u00f5uab rohkem ressursse, seega on selle hind klientidele kallim. Dedicated-skeemis t\u00f5stetakse igale kliendile oma, eraldi Apache. Ressursid reserveeritakse kliendi jaoks ja need eraldatakse eksklusiivselt. Kuidas see t\u00f6\u00f6tab: serveris on mitmed PHP versioonid. Toetame versioone 5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4. Nii k\u00e4ivitatakse iga PHP versiooni jaoks oma Apache.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nDedicated skeem<\/i><\/p>\n

Ohutu tsoon. Nginxi tsoonide seadistamine<\/h3>\n

\nVarem kasutasime Nginxile paljusid jagatud m\u00e4lu tsoone (zone) \u2014 \u00fcks serveri plokk \u00fche domeeni jaoks. Selline seadistus n\u00f5uab suurt hulka ressursse, kuna iga veebilehe jaoks luuakse eraldi tsoon. Kuid Nginxi seadetes on enamik veebilehti sarnased, seega on v\u00f5imalik need paigutada \u00fchte tsoon, kasutades map direktiive moodulis ngx_http_map_module<\/b>, mis v\u00f5imaldavad m\u00e4\u00e4rata vastavusi. N\u00e4iteks on meil tsooni mall, kuhu peame edastama muutujaid: veebilehe tee, PHP versioon, kasutaja. Seega kiirenes Nginxi konfiguratsiooni uuendamine, see t\u00e4hendab riloogimist.<\/p>\n

Selline seadistus s\u00e4\u00e4stis m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rselt operatiivm\u00e4lu ning kiirendas Nginxi t\u00f6\u00f6d.<\/p>\n

Riloogimine ei \u00f5nnestu! <\/h3>\n

\nShared skeemis oleme loobunud vajadusest Apacheit riloogida, kui veebilehtede seadetes leitakse muudatusi. Varem, kui \u00fcks klient soovis domeeni lisada v\u00f5i PHP versiooni muuta, oli vajalik Apache'i riloogimine, mis tekitas viivitusi vastustes ja halvas veebilehtede j\u00f5udlust.<\/p>\n

Oleme riloogimisest vabastanud, luues d\u00fcnaamilised konfiguratsioonid. T\u00e4nu mpm-itk<\/a><\/noindex> Apache moodulile, toimub iga protsessi t\u00f6\u00f6tamine eraldi kasutaja alt, mis t\u00f5stab turvalisuse taset. Selline meetod v\u00f5imaldab Nginxilt edastada Apache2-le andmeid kasutaja ja tema document_rooti kohta. Seega ei sisalda Apache veebilehtede konfiguratsiooni, ta saab need d\u00fcnaamiliselt ja rilooge ei ole enam vaja.<\/p>\n

\"Apache
\nShared skeemi konfiguratsioon<\/i> <\/p>\n

Aga kuidas on Dockeriga?<\/h3>\n

\nPaljud ettev\u00f5tted on \u00fcle l\u00e4inud konteineritele p\u00f5hinevale s\u00fcsteemile. Timeweb kaalub hetkel sellise \u00fclemineku v\u00f5imalust. Ilmselgelt on igas lahenduses nii plusse kui miinuseid. <\/p>\n

Koos selliste vaieldamatute eeliste k\u00f5rval, pakub konteineris\u00fcsteem kasutajale v\u00e4hem ressursse. Timewebis ei ole kasutajal, t\u00e4nu sellele hostimise t\u00f6\u00f6p\u00f5him\u00f5ttele, m\u00e4lukohta piirangut. Ta saab rohkem ressursse kui konteineris. Lisaks v\u00f5ib kasutajal olla laaditud rohkem Apache mooduleid.<\/p>\n

Timeweb toetab umbes 500 000 veebilehte. Meie vastutus on suur ja me ei tee koheseid, p\u00f5hjendamatuid muudatusi keerulises arhitektuuris. Apache & Nginx kooslus on usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rne ja ajaga t\u00f5estatud. Meie omalt poolt p\u00fc\u00fcame saavutada maksimaalset j\u00f5udlust unikaalsete konfiguratsioonide abil.<\/p>\n

Paljude veebilehtede kvaliteetse ja kiire t\u00f6\u00f6 tagamiseks tuleb kasutada Apache ja Nginxi mallip\u00f5hist ja d\u00fcnaamilist konfiguratsiooni. See v\u00f5imaldab lihtsalt ja kiiresti hallata suurt arvu sarnaseid servereid.
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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