{"id":89721,"date":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej"},"modified":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","slug":"booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","title":{"rendered":"booty \u2014 kasutusotstarbeline utiliit k\u00e4ivituspiltide ja seadmete loomiseks","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Esitatud programm Booty<\/a><\/noindex>, mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fche k\u00e4suga luua algk\u00e4ivitamispildid initrd, ISO-failid v\u00f5i salvestusmediad, mis sisaldavad endas \u00fcksk\u00f5ik millist GNU\/Linux jaotust. Kood on kirjutatud POSIX shellis ja levitatakse<\/a><\/noindex> ja GPLv3 litsentsi alusel. <\/p>\n

K\u00f5ik jaotused, mis on laaditud Booty abil, t\u00f6\u00f6tavad kas SHMFS (tmpfs) v\u00f5i SquashFS + Overlay FS all, s\u00f5ltuvalt kasutaja valikust. Jaotus luuakse \u00fchekordselt ja laadimise k\u00e4igus valitakse parameetrid, mis v\u00f5imaldavad kasutada puhtat tmpfs juurena v\u00f5i kombinatsiooni Overlay FS + SquashFS, kus muudatused salvestatakse tmpfs-sse. On v\u00f5imalik eelnevalt kopeerida laaditav jaotus RAM-i, mis v\u00f5imaldab USB-m\u00e4lupulka p\u00e4rast laadimist ja jaotuse m\u00e4lusse kopeerimist v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitada.<\/p>\n

Esiteks genereerib Booty oma algk\u00e4ivitamispildi (initrd), kus v\u00f5ivad kasutada praeguse s\u00fcsteemi kohalikud utiliidid v\u00f5i busybox. On v\u00f5imalus lisada (pakkida) t\u00e4ielikult initramfs-i installitud jaotus, mis asub kataloogis (chroot). See v\u00f5ib olla kasulik, kui on vaja s\u00fcsteemi v\u00e4rskendada kexec abil: lihtsalt taask\u00e4ivitada initrd koos uue tuumaga ja uue s\u00fcsteemiga initrd sees.<\/p>\n

Booty-spetsiifilise algk\u00e4ivitamispildi (initrd) loomine:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Initrd pildi valmistamine, lisades distributsiooni kaustast \u201egentoo\/\u201c:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014cpio \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast seda on see algk\u00e4ivitamispilt t\u00e4ielikult valmis laadimiseks, n\u00e4iteks PXE kaudu v\u00f5i kexec abil.<\/p>\n

Seej\u00e4rel genereerib Booty s\u00fcsteemi kujutised, mis on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud kui \u201eoverlay\u201c. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib eraldi kausta paigaldada (lahti pakkida arhiiv) tingimusliku Gentoo, p\u00e4rast mida genereeritakse Booty kasutades cpio-arhiiv v\u00f5i SquashFS kujutis selle s\u00fcsteemiga. Samuti v\u00f5ib eraldi kaustas konfigureerida distributsiooni ning veel \u00fchte kausta kopeerida isiklikud seaded. K\u00f5ik need \u201ekihid\u201c laaditakse \u00fcksteise peale ja loovad \u00fchtse t\u00f6\u00f6tava s\u00fcsteemi.<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014overlay settings\/ \u2014overlay documents\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

L\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes v\u00f5imaldab Booty luua algk\u00e4ivitamis ISO-pilte ja USB, HDD, SSD ning muid salvestusmeedia, paigaldades eespool kirjeldatud s\u00fcsteemi piltidest. Booty<\/a><\/noindex> Toetab BIOS ja UEFI k\u00e4ivitus\u00fcsteemide loomist. Toetatakse GRUB2 ja SYSLINUX laadijaid. Laadijaid saab kombineerida, n\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib BIOS-i k\u00e4itamiseks kasutada SYSLINUXi ja UEFI jaoks GRUB2. ISO-piltide loomiseks on samuti vajalik cdrkit (genisoimage) v\u00f5i xorriso (xorrisofs) pakk.<\/p>\n

Ainus lisatoiming, mida on vaja teha, on eelnevalt ette valmistada kerneel (vmlinuz) k\u00e4ivitamiseks. Autor (Spoofing) soovitab kasutada \u201emake defconfig\u201c. Enne pildi loomist tuleb ette valmistada kaust, kuhu tuleb panna vmlinuz ja eelnevalt valmistatud \u201et\u00fchi\u201c initrd, mis on loodud esimeses n\u00e4ites.<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n cp \/boot\/vmlinuz-* iso\/boot\/vmlinuz
\n cp initrd iso\/boot\/initrd<\/p>\n

Sellega on ettevalmistused tehtud ja n\u00fc\u00fcd saame luua ISO pilte antud kaustast. <\/p>\n

J\u00e4rgmine k\u00e4sk loob ISO pildi, mis ei ole k\u00e4ivitatav, lihtsalt ISO:<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014output archive.iso<\/p>\n

K\u00e4ivituskuju loomisel tuleb kasutada valikut \u201e--legacy-boot\u201c BIOS-i jaoks ja \u201e--efi\u201c UEFI jaoks. Valikute parameetriteks v\u00f5ivad olla kas grub2 v\u00f5i syslinux, samuti v\u00f5ib m\u00e4\u00e4rata ainult \u00fche valiku (n\u00e4iteks kui UEFI toe ei ole vaja, siis seda ei pea m\u00e4\u00e4rama).<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014output boot-biosonly.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-bios-uefi.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-uefionly.iso<\/p>\n

Ja samuti, nagu enne oleks s\u00fcsteemi pildid initrd-sse kaasatud, on v\u00f5imalik neid lisada ka ISO-sse.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output gentoo.iso<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast seda k\u00e4sku luuakse k\u00e4ivitatav BIOS\/UEFI ISO-pilt, mis laadib Gentoo SquashFS-pildilt Overlay FS-i abil, kasutades tmpfs-i andmete salvestamiseks. S\u00fcdamik peab olema \u00fcles ehitatud Overlay FS-i ja SquashFS-i toega. Kuid kui see mingil p\u00f5hjusel pole vajalik, saab kasutada valikut \u00ab\u2014cpio\u00bb asemel \u00ab\u2014squashfs\u00bb, et pakkida gentoo\/ cpio-arhivina; sellisel juhul dekompresseeritakse arhiv otse tmpfs-i laadimise ajal, p\u00f5hiline on, et s\u00fcsteemi dekompressimiseks tmpfs-is oleks piisavalt muutm\u00e4lu.<\/p>\n

Huvitav fakt: kui ISO-pilt, mis on loodud valikuga \u00ab\u2014efi\u00bb, dekompresseeritakse FAT32-m\u00e4lupulgale lihtsalt faile kopeerides (cp -r), siis m\u00e4lupulk laaditakse UEFI-re\u017eiimis ilma eelneva ettevalmistuseta, t\u00e4nu UEFI-laadijate spetsiifikale.<\/p>\n

Peale laadimis-ISO-de, millel on samad parameetrid, saab luua mistahes k\u00e4ivitatava seadmestiku: USB, HDD, SSD jne, samas saab seda seadmestikku j\u00e4tkuvalt kasutada oma otsese otstarbe jaoks. Selleks on vajalik n\u00e4iteks USB-seadmiku mountimine ja mkbootisofs k\u00e4ivitamine sellel. Lihtsalt lisage \u00fcks valik \u00ab\u2014bootable\u00bb, et seadmestik, millel see kaust asub, muutuks k\u00e4ivitatavaks.<\/p>\n

mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt
\nmkbootisofs \/mnt \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014bootable<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast seda saab USB-seadmest k\u00e4ivitatav, koos gentoo\/ \u00fclekatega (\u00e4rge unustage kopeerida failid \/boot\/vmlinuz ja \/boot\/initrd seadmele). <\/p>\n

Kui mingil p\u00f5hjusel ei ole seadmestikku mountitud \/mnt, ja selgub, et \/mnt asub peamisel seadmel \/dev\/sda, siis vastavalt sellele kirjutatakse laadija \u00fcle \/dev\/sda. Tuleb olla ettevaatlik, kui m\u00e4\u00e4rata valik \u00ab\u2014bootable\u00bb.<\/p>\n

K\u00e4ivitamisel toetab Booty mitmeid valikuid, mida saab edastada k\u00e4ivituslaadurile, grub.cfg v\u00f5i syslinux.cfg. Vaikimisi k\u00e4ivitatakse ja lahti pakitakse k\u00f5ik \u00fclekanded tmpfs-is (vaikimisi valik ooty.use-shmfs). Overlay FS-i kasutamiseks tuleb kasutada valikut booty.use-overlayfs. Valik booty.copy-to-ram kopeerib eelnevalt \u00fclekanded tmpfs-i, p\u00e4rast mida \u00fchendab ja k\u00e4ivitab need. P\u00e4rast kopeerimist saab USB-seadmest (v\u00f5i muust andmekandjast) eemaldada.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 k\u00e4ivitatavate piltide ja andmekandjate loomise utiliit | ProHoster","description":"On esitatud programm Booty, mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fche k\u00e4suga luua k\u00e4ivitatavaid pilte initrd, ISO-faile v\u00f5i 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