{"id":89721,"date":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej"},"modified":"2020-07-25T19:42:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T17:42:21","slug":"booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","title":{"rendered":"booty — k\u00e4ivituspiltide ja m\u00e4luseadmete loomise utiliit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Esitleme programmi Booty<\/a><\/noindex>, mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fche k\u00e4su abil luua k\u00e4ivituspilte initrd, ISO-faile v\u00f5i m\u00e4luseadmeid, mis sisaldavad mis tahes GNU\/Linuxi distributsiooni. Kood on kirjutatud POSIX shellis ja GNU \u00dcldine Avaliku litsentsi alusel.<\/a><\/noindex> GPLv3 litsentsi alusel. <\/p>\n

K\u00f5ik distributsioonid, mis on bootitud Booty abil, t\u00f6\u00f6tavad kas SHMFS (tmpfs) v\u00f5i SquashFS + Overlay FS re\u017eiimis, s\u00f5ltuvalt kasutaja valikust. Distributsioon luuakse \u00fcks kord ning k\u00e4ivitamise ajal valitakse parameetrid, mis v\u00f5imaldavad kasutada puhtalt tmpfs juurena v\u00f5i Overlay FS + SquashFS kombinatsiooni, kus muudatused salvestatakse tmpfs. On v\u00f5imalik eelnevalt kopeerida k\u00e4ivitatav distributsioon RAM-i, mis v\u00f5imaldab USB-m\u00e4luseadet p\u00e4rast laadimist ja distributsiooni m\u00e4lu kopeerimist v\u00e4lja l\u00fclitada.<\/p>\n

Esiteks genereerib Booty enda initrd-pildi, kus v\u00f5ivad olla kasutusel praegusest s\u00fcsteemist p\u00e4rinevad utiliidid v\u00f5i busybox. On v\u00f5imalik lisada (pakendada) t\u00e4ielikult initramfs-i installitud distributsioon, mis asub kaustas (chroot). See v\u00f5ib olla kasulik, kui on vaja s\u00fcsteemi uuendada kexec abil: lihtsalt taask\u00e4ivitada initrd koos uue tuumaga ja uue s\u00fcsteemiga initrd sees.<\/p>\n

Booty-spetsiifilise initrd-pildi loomine:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

Initrd pildi loomine distributiivist, mis on kaustas \u00abgentoo\/\u00bb:<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014cpio \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast seda on antud initrd-pilt t\u00e4ielikult valmis laadimiseks, n\u00e4iteks PXE v\u00f5i kexec kaudu.<\/p>\n

Edasi genereerib Booty s\u00fcsteemipilte, mis on m\u00e4\u00e4ratud kui \u00aboverlay\u00bb. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f5ib paigaldada (lahti pakkida arhiivi) n\u00e4iteks Gentoo eraldi kausta, mille j\u00e4rel Booty genereerib cpio-arhiivi v\u00f5i SquashFS pildi selle s\u00fcsteemiga. Samuti on v\u00f5imalik eraldi kaustas konfigureerida distributiivi ja veel \u00fchte kausta kopeerida isiklikud seaded. K\u00f5ik need \u00abkihid\u00bb laaditakse \u00fcksteise peale, et luua \u00fchtne t\u00f6\u00f6koht.<\/p>\n

mkdir initramfs\/
\n mkinitramfs initramfs\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014overlay settings\/ \u2014overlay documents\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014output initrd<\/p>\n

L\u00f5ppkokkuv\u00f5ttes v\u00f5imaldab Booty luua k\u00e4ivitatavaid ISO-pilte ja USB, HDD, SSD ning teisi andmekandjaid, installides eeltoodud s\u00fcsteemi piltidest. Booty<\/a><\/noindex> toetab BIOS ja UEFI k\u00e4ivitus\u00fcsteemide loomist. Toetatakse laadijaid GRUB2 ja SYSLINUX. Laadijaid saab kombineerida, n\u00e4iteks BIOSi k\u00e4ivitamiseks kasutada SYSLINUXi ja UEFI jaoks GRUB2. ISO-piltide loomiseks on lisaks vajalik pakett cdrkit (genisoimage) v\u00f5i xorriso (xorrisofs), vastavalt valikule.<\/p>\n

Ainult \u00fcks t\u00e4iendav toiming, mida on vaja, on vmlinuz tuuma ettevalmistamine laadimiseks. Autor (Spoofing) soovitab kasutada «make defconfig». Enne pildi loomist tuleb ette valmistada kataloog, kuhu tuleb panna tuum vmlinuz ja eelnevalt valmistatud «t\u00fchi» initrd, mis loodi esimeses n\u00e4ites.<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n cp \/boot\/vmlinuz-* iso\/boot\/vmlinuz
\n cp initrd iso\/boot\/initrd<\/p>\n

Selle ettevalmistamine on n\u00fc\u00fcd l\u00f5petatud, n\u00fc\u00fcd saame selle katalooge kasutades luua ISO pilte. <\/p>\n

J\u00e4rgmine k\u00e4sk loob ISO pildi, mitte k\u00e4ivitatava, lihtsalt ISO:<\/p>\n

mkdir iso\/
\n mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014output archive.iso<\/p>\n

K\u00e4ivitustingimuste pildi loomiseks tuleb m\u00e4\u00e4rata valik «\u2014legacy-boot» BIOSi jaoks ja «\u2014efi» UEFI jaoks vastavalt, valiku parameetriteks on kas grub2 v\u00f5i syslinux, samuti v\u00f5ib m\u00e4\u00e4rata ainult \u00fche valiku (n\u00e4iteks UEFI laadimise tugi ei ole vajalik, seda v\u00f5ib mitte m\u00e4\u00e4rata).<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014output boot-biosonly.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014legacy-boot syslinux \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-bios-uefi.iso<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output boot-uefionly.iso<\/p>\n

Ja nagu enne olid s\u00fcsteemi pildid initrd-sse, saab neid lisada ISO-sse.<\/p>\n

mkbootisofs iso\/ \u2014overlay gentoo\/ \u2014squashfs \u2014legacy-boot grub2 \u2014efi grub2 \u2014output gentoo.iso<\/p>\n

Selle k\u00e4su t\u00e4itmisel luuakse k\u00e4ivitatav BIOS\/UEFI ISO-pilt, mis laadib Gentoo SquashFS-kildudest Overlay FS-i kasutades, kus andmete salvestamiseks kasutatakse tmpfs-i. S\u00fcdamik peab olema kompileeritud Overlay FS-i ja SquashFS-i toega. Kui see mingil p\u00f5hjusel ei ole vajalik, saab kasutada seadistust «—cpio» asemele —squashfs, et pakkida gentoo\/ cpio-arhiivina, sel juhul arhiiv t\u00f5stetakse otse tmpfs-i k\u00e4ivitamisel, peamine, et tmpfs-i s\u00fcsteemi lahtipakkimiseks oleks piisavalt RAM-i.<\/p>\n

Huvitav fakt: kui ISO-pilt, mis on loodud seadistuse «—efi» abil, kopeeritakse FAT32 m\u00e4lupulgale lihtsa failide kopeerimise (cp -r) teel, siis m\u00e4lupulk laadib UEFI-re\u017eiimis ilma igasuguse eelneva ettevalmistuseta, t\u00e4nu UEFI laadijate spetsiifikale.<\/p>\n

Lisaks ISO-piltide laadimisele sama konfiguratsiooniga v\u00f5ib luua igasuguseid alglaadimisseadmeid: USB, HDD, SSD jne, samas kui seadet saab j\u00e4tkuvalt kasutada selle peamise otstarbe j\u00e4rgi. Selleks tuleb n\u00e4iteks USB-seade mountida ja k\u00e4ivitada mkbootisofs selle peal. Peab vaid lisama \u00fche valiku «—bootable», et seade, kus antud kataloog asub, saaks alglaadimisena t\u00f6\u00f6tada.<\/p>\n

mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt
\nmkbootisofs \/mnt —overlay gentoo\/ —squashfs —legacy-boot grub2 —efi grub2 —bootable<\/p>\n

P\u00e4rast seda muutub USB-seade laadimisplatvormiks, millel on oeverlay gentoo\/ (\u00e4rge unustage kopeerida failid \/boot\/vmlinuz ja \/boot\/initrd seadmesse). <\/p>\n

Kui mingil p\u00f5hjusel seade ei olnud mountitud \/mnt, ja selgub, et \/mnt asub p\u00f5hiseadmest \/dev\/sda, siis vastavalt sellele kirjutatakse alglaadija \u00fcle \/dev\/sda. Tuleb olla ettevaatlik, kui valida valik —bootable.<\/p>\n

Booty laadimise protsess toetab mitmeid valikuid, mida saab edastada laadijale, grub.cfg v\u00f5i syslinux.cfg. Vaikimisi k\u00e4ivitub ja lahtipakkimine k\u00f5ikidest overlay'dest tmpfs-i (vaikimisi valik ooty.use-shmfs). Overlay FS-i kasutamiseks peab olema valitud valik booty.use-overlayfs. Valik booty.copy-to-ram kopeerib overlay'd esmalt tmpfs-i, seej\u00e4rel mountib ja laadib need. USB-seadme (v\u00f5i muu andmekandja) saab p\u00e4rast kopeerimist eemaldada.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 utiliit laadimispiltide ja andmekandjate loomiseks | ProHoster","description":"Tutvustame programmi Booty, mis v\u00f5imaldab \u00fche k\u00e4suga luua laadimispilte initrd, ISO-faile v\u00f5i andmekandjaid, mis sisaldavad igasuguseid GNU\/Linuxi jaotusi. Kood on kirjutatud POSIX shellis ja on litsentseeritud GPLv3 alusel. K\u00f5ik jaotused, mis laaditakse Booty abil, t\u00f6\u00f6tavad kas SHMFS-is (tmpfs) v\u00f5i SquashFS + Overlay FS-is, kasutaja valikul. Jaotus luuakse ainult \u00fcks kord,","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47booty \u2014 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 Booty, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b initrd, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b ISO \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 GNU\/Linux. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 POSIX shell \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Booty, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SHMFS (tmpfs), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432 SquashFS + Overlay FS, \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437,","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/booty-utilita-dlya-sozdaniya-zagruzochnyh-obrazov-i-nakopitelej","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-07-25T17:42:21+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-07-25T17:42:21+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"89721","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:09:14","updated":"2022-09-27 16:18:37"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89721"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89721\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}