{"id":91646,"date":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1"},"modified":"2020-08-16T07:42:09","modified_gmt":"2020-08-16T05:42:09","slug":"kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-trablshutit-otechestvennyj-ipsec-vpn-chast-1","title":{"rendered":"Kuidas t\u00f5rkeotsing teha kodumaise IPsec VPN-i puhul. Osa 1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Kuidas
\n<\/p>\n

Situatsioon<\/h3>\n

\nV\u00e4ljas. Joon kohvi. \u00dcli\u00f5pilane seadistas VPN-i \u00fchenduse kahe punkti vahel ja kadus. Kontrollin: tunnel on t\u00f5epoolest olemas, kuid tunnelis pole liiklust. \u00dcli\u00f5pilane ei vasta k\u00f5nedele.<\/p>\n

Panen tee keema ja sukeldun C-Terra Gateway'i t\u00f5rkeotsingusse. Jagades oma kogemusi ja meetodoloogiat.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Algandmed<\/h3>\n

\nKaks territoriaalselt eraldatud asukohta on \u00fchendatud GRE tunneliga. GRE tuleb kr\u00fcpteerida:<\/p>\n

\"Kuidas
\n
\nKontrollin GRE tunnelit. Selleks jooksutan ping'i seadmel R1 GRE liidese suunas seadmel R2. See on sihtt\u00f5uge kr\u00fcpteerimiseks. Vastust pole:<\/p>\n

root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) baitide andmeid.\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping statistika ---\n4 paketti edastatud, 0 saadud, 100% pakettide kadu, aeg 3057ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVaatan logisid Gate1-l ja Gate2-l. Logi r\u00f5\u00f5msalt teatab, et IPsec tunnel on edukalt \u00fcles seatud, mingeid probleeme pole:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# cat \/var\/log\/cspvpngate.log\nAug  5 16:14:23 localhost  vpnsvc: 00100119 <4:1> IPSec connection 5 established, traffic selector 172.17.0.1->172.16.0.1, proto 47, peer 10.10.10.251, id "10.10.10.251", Filter \nIPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, IPsecAction IPsecAction:CMAP:1, IKERule IKERule:CMAP:1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIPsec tunnelite statistikas Gate1-l n\u00e4en, et tunnel on t\u00f5epoolest olemas, kuid R\u0441vd loendur on nullitud:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP sessions: 0 initiated, 0 responded\n\nISAKMP connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr, Port)-(Remote Addr, Port) State Sent Rcvd\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) active 1070 1014\n\nIPsec connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr, Port)-(Remote Addr, Port) Protocol Action Type Sent Rcvd\n1 3 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunn 480 0<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTean troubleshootin C-Terrat, otsin, kus kaob sihitud pakette R1-lt R2-le. Protsessi k\u00e4igus (spoiler) leian vea.<\/p>\n
T\u00f5rkeotsing<\/h3>\n
\nSamm 1. Mida Gate1 R1-lt saab<\/b><\/p>\n
Kasutades sisseehitatud paketi nuhikut \u2013 tcpdump. K\u00e4ivitan nuhiku sise (Gi0\/1 Cisco-sarnases t\u00e4histuses v\u00f5i eth1 Debian OS-i t\u00e4histuses) liidese peal:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# tcpdump -i eth1\n\ntcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\nlistening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes\n14:53:38.879525 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, length 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo request, id 2083, seq 1, length 64\n14:53:39.896869 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, length 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo request, id 2083, seq 2, length 64\n14:53:40.921121 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, length 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo request, id 2083, seq 3, length 64\n14:53:41.944958 IP 172.16.0.1 > 172.17.0.1: GREv0, key=0x1, length 92: IP 1.1.1.1 > 1.1.1.2: ICMP echo request, id 2083, seq 4, length 64<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et Gate1 saab GRE pakette R1-lt. Liigun edasi.<\/p>\n
Samm 2. Mida Gate1 GRE pakettidega teeb<\/b><\/p>\n
Kasutan utiliiti klogview, et vaadata, mis GRE pakettidega juhtub seestpoolt VPN<\/a> C-Terra draiver:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nfiltration result for out packet 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: chain 4 "IPsecPolicy:CMAP", filter 8, event id IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, status PASS\nencapsulating with SA 31: 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0\npassed out packet 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: encapsulated\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et sihtkoht GRE liiklus (protokoll 47) 172.16.0.1 -> 172.17.0.1 l\u00e4bis (PASS) kr\u00fcpteerimise reeglit LIST kr\u00fcptokaardil CMAP ja kapseldus (encapsulated). Seej\u00e4rel paketid marsruuditi (passed out). Vastusliiklust klogview v\u00e4ljundis pole.<\/p>\n
Kontrollin juurdep\u00e4\u00e4suloendeid seadmel Gate1. N\u00e4en \u00fchte juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulitsentsi LIST, mis m\u00e4\u00e4ratleb sihtliikluse kr\u00fcpteerimiseks, seega ei ole M\u042d reegleid seatud:<\/p>\n
Gate1#show access-lists\nPikendatud IP juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulitsent LIST\n  10 luba gre host 172.16.0.1 host 172.17.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nV\u00e4ljund: probleem ei ole seadmel Gate1.<\/p>\n
Kogemuste kohta klogview's<\/b><\/p>\n
VPN draiver k\u00e4sitleb kogu v\u00f5rgu liiklust, mitte ainult seda, mis peab olema kr\u00fcpteeritud. Sellised teadete n\u00e4gemine klogview's, kui VPN draiver on t\u00f6\u00f6tanud v\u00f5rgu liikluse ja edastanud selle kr\u00fcpteerimata kujul:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 172.17.0.1 -c 4<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\n\nfiltration result for out packet 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 1, len 84, if eth0: chain 4 "IPsecPolicy:CMAP": no match\npassed out packet 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 1, len 84, if eth0: filtered<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et ICMP liiklus (proto 1) 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 ei vastanud (no match) CMAP kr\u00fcptokaardi kr\u00fcpteerimisreeglitele. Pakett reititi (passed out) selges vormis.<\/p>\n
Samm 3. Mida saab Gate2 Gate1-lt<\/b><\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitab sniffimise WAN (eth0) liidese jaoks Gate2:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# tcpdump -i eth0\ntcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode\nlistening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes\n16:05:45.104195 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x1), length 140\n16:05:46.093918 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x2), length 140\n16:05:47.117078 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x3), length 140\n16:05:48.141785 IP 10.10.10.251 > 10.10.10.252: ESP(spi=0x30088112,seq=0x4), length 140<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et Gate2 saab ESP pakette Gate1-lt.<\/p>\n
Samm 4. Mida teeb Gate2 ESP pakettidega<\/b><\/p>\n
K\u00e4ivitab klogview utiliidi Gate2:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nfiltration result for in packet 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: chain 17 "FilterChain:L3VPN", filter 21, status DROP\ndropped in packet 10.10.10.251->10.10.10.252, proto 50, len 160, if eth0: firewall\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et ESP paketid (proto 50) on (DROP) reegli (L3VPN) tulemuseks visatud (DROP) tulem\u00fc\u00fcri (firewall) poolt. Veendun, et Gi0\/0-le on t\u00f5epoolest seotud L3VPN juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show ip interface gi0\/0\nGigabitEthernet0\/0 on \u00fcles, liiniprotokoll on \u00fcles\n  Interneti-aadress on 10.10.10.252\/24\n  MTU on 1500 bitti\n  V\u00e4ljaminev juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti pole seatud\n  Sissev\u00f5tte juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti on L3VPN<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nProbleem tuvastatud.<\/p>\n
Samm 5. Mis on mitte nii juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulistiga
\n<\/b>
\nVaata, milline on L3VPN juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit icmp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00e4en, et ISAKMP paketid on lubatud, seega luuakse IPsec tunnel. Kuid ESP jaoks ei ole lubavat reeglit. Ilmselt segas \u00f5pilane icmp ja esp.<\/p>\n
Korrigeerin juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti:<\/p>\n
Gate2(config)#\nip access-list extended L3VPN\nno 30\n30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nSamm 6. Kontrollin funktsionaalsust<\/b><\/p>\n
Esimese asjana veendun, et L3VPN juurdep\u00e4\u00e4sulisti on \u00f5ige:<\/p>\n
Gate2#show access-list L3VPN\nExtended IP access list L3VPN\n    10 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq isakmp\n    20 permit udp host 10.10.10.251 any eq non500-isakmp\n    30 permit esp host 10.10.10.251 any<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nN\u00fc\u00fcd k\u00e4ivitan R1 seadmest sihttrafiku:<\/p>\n
root@R1:~# ping 1.1.1.2 -c 4\nPING 1.1.1.2 (1.1.1.2) 56(84) baiti andmeid.\n64 baiti aadressilt 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 aeg=35.3 ms\n64 baiti aadressilt 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 aeg=3.01 ms\n64 baiti aadressilt 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 aeg=2.65 ms\n64 baiti aadressilt 1.1.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 aeg=2.87 ms\n\n--- 1.1.1.2 ping statistika ---\n4 paketti saadeti, 4 saadeti tagasi, 0% pakettide kaotus, aeg 3006ms\nrtt min\/avg\/max\/mdev = 2.650\/10.970\/35.338\/14.069 ms<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nV\u00f5it. GRE tunnel on loodud. Sissetuleva liikluse loendur IPsec statistikas ei ole null:<\/p>\n
root@Gate1:~# sa_mgr show\nISAKMP sessions: 0 initiated, 0 responded\n\nISAKMP connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr,Port)-(Remote Addr,Port) State Sent Rcvd\n1 3 (10.10.10.251,500)-(10.10.10.252,500) aktiivne 1474 1350\n\nIPsec connections:\nNum Conn-id (Local Addr,Port)-(Remote Addr,Port) Protokoll Tegevus T\u00fc\u00fcp Sent Rcvd\n1 4 (172.16.0.1,*)-(172.17.0.1,*) 47 ESP tunnel 1920 480<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nGate2 l\u00fclituses on klogview v\u00e4ljundis teated, et sihttakistus 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1 on edukalt (PASS) dekr\u00fcpteeritud (decapsulated) reegliga LIST kr\u00fcptokaardil CMAP:<\/p>\n
root@Gate2:~# klogview -f 0xffffffff\nfiltration result for in packet 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: chain 18 "IPsecPolicy:CMAP", filter 25, event id IPsec:Protect:CMAP:1:LIST, status PASS\npassed in packet 172.16.0.1->172.17.0.1, proto 47, len 112, if eth0: decapsulated<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nKokkuv\u00f5te<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00dcli\u00f5pilane rikkus v\u00e4ljundi. 
\nOlge M\u042d reeglitega ettevaatlik.<\/p>\n
Anon\u00fc\u00fcmne insener
\nt.me\/anonimous_engineer<\/i>
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0444\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b VPN \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e: \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0421-\u0422\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430 \u0428\u043b\u044e\u0437. \u0414\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b GRE \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. 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Joon kohvi. \u00dcli\u00f5pilane seadistas VPN-\u00fchenduse kahe punkti vahel ja kadus. Kontrollin: tunnel on t\u00f5epoolest olemas, kuid tunnelis ei ole liiklust. \u00dcli\u00f5pilane ei vasta k\u00f5nedele. Panen veekeetja t\u00f6\u00f6le ja sukeldun C-TERRA L\u00fclitusruumi t\u00f5rkeotsingusse. Jagame oma kogemuse ja metoodikaga. Algandmed Kahte territoriaalselt eraldatud ala \u00fchendab GRE tunnel. 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