{"id":94574,"date":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2"},"modified":"2020-09-18T19:42:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T17:42:57","slug":"vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","title":{"rendered":"Arhitektuuristiili valik (osa 2)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Tere, Habr. T\u00e4na j\u00e4tan oma artiklite seeriat, mille kirjutasin spetsiaalselt uue kursuse voolu alguseks. \u201eTarkvara arhitekt\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sissejuhatus<\/h2>\n

\nArhitektuuristiili valimine on \u00fcks p\u00f5hitehnilisi otsuseid teabe s\u00fcsteemi loomisel. Selles artiklite seerias soovin uurida populaarseimaid rakenduste arhitektuuristiile ja vastata k\u00fcsimusele, millal on m\u00f5ni arhitektuuristiil k\u00f5ige eelistatum. Kirjutamise k\u00e4igus p\u00fc\u00fcan esitada loogilise ahela, mis selgitab arhitektuuristiilide arengut monoliitidest mikroteenusteni. <\/p>\n

V eelmine kord<\/a><\/noindex> Oleme kokku leppinud, et monoliitil on mitmeid probleeme: suurus, seotuse tase, juurutamine, skaleeritavus, usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsus ja j\u00e4ikus. <\/p>\n

Seekord tahaksin r\u00e4\u00e4kida v\u00f5imalustest korraldada s\u00fcsteem moodulite\/teekide kogumina (komponentp\u00f5hine arhitektuur) v\u00f5i teenustena (teenusp\u00f5hine arhitektuur).
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Komponentp\u00f5hine arhitektuur<\/h2>\n

\nKomponentp\u00f5hine arhitektuur t\u00e4hendab, et s\u00fcsteem koosneb komponentidest, mida saab kasutada nii praegustes kui ka tulevastes projektides. S\u00fcsteemi komponentideks jagamisel arvestatakse: nende taaskasutatavust, asendatavust, kontekstitundlikkust, laiendatavust, kapseldatust ja s\u00f5ltumatust.<\/p>\n

\u00d5igesti kasutatavate komponentide abil lahendatakse \"suure mustuse kommi\" probleem (suure suuruse + k\u00f5rge seotus), kuid komponendid v\u00f5ivad olla nagu kogumisse moodulid v\u00f5i raamatukogud kui ka juurutamise \u00fcksused (teenused). Juurutamise \u00fcksused ei pruugi alati v\u00e4ljenduda teostatavas protsessis: n\u00e4iteks veebirakendus ja andmebaas juurutatakse koos. <\/p>\n

Enamasti arendatakse monoliite moodulite kogumina. Selline l\u00e4henemine tagab arendamise iseseisvuse, kuid j\u00e4tab endale probleemid iseseisva skaleerimise ja juurutamise, t\u00f5rkevaru ja s\u00f5ltumatuse \u00fchest tehnoloogilisest kultuurist. Just seet\u00f5ttu on moodul - osaliselt iseseisev komponent.<\/p>\n

Selle monoliidi k\u00f5ige olulisem probleem on see, et moodulite jagamine on puhtalt loogiline ja arendajad v\u00f5ivad seda kergesti rikkuda. V\u00f5ib ilmuda core moodul, mis j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult muutub pr\u00fcgilaks, s\u00f5ltuvusgraafikud moodulite vahel v\u00f5ivad kasvada jne. Selliste probleemide v\u00e4ltimiseks peab arendust\u00f6\u00f6d tegema kas v\u00e4ga k\u00fcps meeskond v\u00f5i \u00abarhitekt\u00bb, kes t\u00e4iskohaga tegeleb koodi \u00fclevaatamisega ja hoiab arendajaid, kes loogilist struktuuri rikuvad, kontrolli all. <\/p>\n

\u00abIdeaalne\u00bb monoliit on komplekt loogiliselt eraldatud mooduleid, millest iga\u00fchel on oma andmebaas.<\/p>\n

Teenusep\u00f5hine arhitektuur<\/h2>\n

\nKui siiski plaanitakse s\u00fcsteemi korraldada teenuste komplekti kujul, r\u00e4\u00e4gime teenusep\u00f5hisest arhitektuurist. Selle p\u00f5him\u00f5tted: rakenduste \u00fchilduvus, kasutajale orienteeritud l\u00e4henemine, \u00e4riteenuste korduv kasutamine, s\u00f5ltumatus tehnoloogiatest ja autonoomia (s\u00f5ltumatu areng, skaleeritavus ja rakendatavus).<\/p>\n

Teenusele orienteeritud arhitektuur (SOA = teenusele orienteeritud arhitektuur) lahendab k\u00f5ik monoliidi n\u00e4htud probleemid: muudatuste korral m\u00f5jutatakse ainult \u00fchte teenust ning selgelt m\u00e4\u00e4ratletud API toetab head komponendi kapseldamist. <\/p>\n

Kuid asjad ei ole nii sujuvad: SOA toob endaga kaasa uusi probleeme. Kaugkutsed on kallimad kui kohalikud, ja kohustuste \u00fcmberjaotamine komponentide vahel on muutunud oluliselt kallimaks.<\/p>\n

Muide, s\u00f5ltumatu juurutamise v\u00f5imalus on teenuse jaoks v\u00e4ga oluline omadus. Kui teenuseid tuleb juurutada koos v\u00f5i, veel enam, kindlas j\u00e4rjestuses, siis ei saa s\u00fcsteemi pidada teenusele orienteerituks. Sellisel juhul r\u00e4\u00e4gitakse jaotatud monoliidist (see loetakse antipatterniks mitte ainult SOA, vaid ka mikroteenuste arhitektuuri seisukohalt). <\/p>\n

Teenusorienteeritud arhitektuuri toetavad h\u00e4sti arhitektuuri kogukond ja teenusepakkujad. Seet\u00f5ttu on olemas rohkesti kursusi ja sertifikaate ning h\u00e4sti v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tatud mustreid. Nende hulka kuulub n\u00e4iteks tuntud ettev\u00f5tte teenuse buss (ESB = enterprise service bus). Sellegipoolest on ESB teenusepakkujate p\u00e4rand ning see ei pea tingimata olema SOA-s kasutusel.<\/p>\n

Teenuseid orienteeritud arhitektuuri populaarsuse tipp langes umbes 2008. aastasse, millele j\u00e4rgnes j\u00e4rkj\u00e4rguline langus, mis muutus oluliselt j\u00e4rsemaks p\u00e4rast mikroteenuste ilmumist (~2015. aasta).<\/p>\n

Kokkuv\u00f5te<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00e4rast seda, kui oleme arutanud infotehnoloogias\u00fcsteemide korraldamise v\u00f5imalusi teenuste ja moodulitena, soovin l\u00f5puks liikuda mikroteenuste arhitektuuri p\u00f5him\u00f5tete juurde, p\u00f6\u00f6rates j\u00e4rgmisel korral erilist t\u00e4helepanu mikroteenuste arhitektuuri ja teenuseid orienteeritud arhitektuuri erinevustele.<\/p>\n

\"Arhitektuuristiili<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Allikas: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":94575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Arhitektuuristiili valik (osa 2) | ProHoster","description":"Tere, Habra. T\u00e4na j\u00e4tkan ma artiklite seeriat, mille kirjutasin spetsiaalselt uue \"Software Architect\" kursuse voolu alguseks. Sissejuhatus Arhitektuuristiili valimine on \u00fcks p\u00f5hilisi tehnilisi otsuseid, mida tuleb teha infojuhte s\u00fcsteemi loomisel. Selles artiklite seerias uurime k\u00f5ige populaarsemaid rakenduste arhitektuuristiile ja vastame k\u00fcsimusele, millal on milline arhitektuuristiil k\u00f5ige sobivam.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"et_EE","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2) | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u00abSoftware Architect\u00bb. \u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vybor-arhitekturnogo-stilya-chast-2","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-09-18T17:42:57+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"94574","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 11:24:26","updated":"2022-10-03 07:40:49"},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94574\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}