{"id":95716,"date":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp"},"modified":"2020-10-02T01:42:50","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T23:42:50","slug":"inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/inicziativa-dns-flag-day-2020-dlya-resheniya-problem-s-fragmentacziej-i-podderzhkoj-tcp","title":{"rendered":"DNS flag day 2020 algatus probleemide lahendamiseks fraktsioonimise ja TCP toe osas.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval korraldavad mitmed suured DNS-teenuste pakkujad ja DNS-serverite tootjad \u00fchis\u00fcrituse DNS lipup\u00e4ev 2020<\/a><\/noindex>, mille eesm\u00e4rk on keskenduda lahendusele<\/a><\/noindex> probleemide<\/a><\/noindex> \u0441 IP-\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 «DNS flag day» oli keskendunud<\/a><\/noindex> EDNS-i p\u00e4ringute korrektsele t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisele. <\/p>\n

DNS flag day 2020 algatuse osalised kutsuvad \u00fcles fikseerima EDNS-i soovitatavad puufferi suurused kuni 1232 baitini (MTU suurus 1280 miinus 48 baiti p\u00e4iste jaoks), samuti t\u00f5lkida<\/a><\/noindex> TCP-p\u00e4ringute t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine peab olema serverites kohustuslikult toetatud. RFC 1035 t\u00e4histab kohustuslikult vaid UDP-p\u00e4ringute t\u00f6\u00f6tlemise toetust, samas kui TCP on m\u00e4rgitud soovitatavaks, kuid mitte kohustuslikuks. Uued<\/a><\/noindex> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e UDP, \u0430 TCP \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 RFC 7766<\/a><\/noindex> ja RFC 5966<\/a><\/noindex> seavad TCP selgelt kohustuslike v\u00f5imaluste hulka, mis on DNS-i korrektseks toimimiseks h\u00e4davajalikud. K\u00e4imasoleva algatuse raames pakutakse v\u00e4lja, et tulla \u00fcle UDP-p\u00e4ringute saatmiselt TCP kasutamisele olukordades, kus EDNS-i puufferi seadistatud suurus ei ole piisav.<\/p>\n

Ettepanekud k\u00f5rvaldab segaduse EDNS-i puhvri suuruse valikul ja lahendavad probleemid suurte UDP-s\u00f5numite fragmenteerimisega, mille t\u00f6\u00f6tlemine toob sageli kaasa pakettide kadumise ja klientide poolseid taimerite \u00fcletamisi. Klientide poolel on EDNS-i puhvri suurus konstantne ning suured vastused saadetakse kohe kliendile TCP kaudu. Suurte s\u00f5numite saatmise v\u00e4listamine UDP-u kaudu lahendab ka probleemid suurte pakettide k\u00f5rvaldamisega m\u00f5nedes tulem\u00fc\u00fcrides ja v\u00f5imaldab blokeerida r\u00fcnnaku<\/a><\/noindex> DNS vahem\u00e4lu rikke korral v\u00f5ivad tekkida probleemid, mis on tingitud fragmentide UDP-pakettide manipuleerimisest (fragmentimisel ei h\u00f5lma teine fragment identifikaatori pead, seet\u00f5ttu saab selle manipuleerida, et ainult kontrollsumma vastaks).<\/p>\n

Alates t\u00e4nasest osalevad DNS-i teenusepakkujad, sealhulgas CloudFlare, Quad 9, Cisco (OpenDNS) ja Google, hakkavad j\u00e4rk-j\u00e4rgult muutma<\/a><\/noindex> EDNS-i puhvri suurust 4096 baitilt 1232 baitini oma DNS-serverites (EDNS-i muudatus kestab 4\u20136 n\u00e4dalat ja aja jooksul h\u00f5lmab see \u00fcha rohkem k\u00fcsimusi). UDP-p\u00e4ringutele, mis ei mahu uude piirangusse, saadetakse vastused TCP kaudu. DNS-serverite tootjad, sealhulgas BIND, Unbound, Knot, NSD ja PowerDNS, avaldavad v\u00e4rskendused, mis muudavad vaikimisi EDNS-i puhvri suuruse 4096 baitilt 1232 baitini. <\/p>\n

\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, DNS-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e UDP \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e TCP. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 Google \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432 — \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 4096 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 UDP \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 0.345%, \u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e TCP — 0.115%. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 0.367% \u0438 0.116%. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 TCP \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 DNS \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 0.1% DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 TCP \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n

Autoriteetsete DNS-serverite administraatorid peaksid veenduma, et nende server vastab TCP-le v\u00f5rgupordil 53 ja et antud TCP-port ei ole tulem\u00fc\u00fcriga blokeeritud. Autoriteetne DNS-server ei tohi samuti saata UDP vastuseid, mille suurus \u00fcletab
\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442. \u041a \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f — \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e TCP, \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e TCP \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 UDP \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 EDNS \u0432 1232 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/p>\n

EDNS-i puhvri suuruse seadistamine erinevates DNS-serverites s\u00f5ltub j\u00e4rgmistest parameetritest:<\/p>\n

  • BIND\n

    options {
    \n edns-udp-size 1232;
    \n max-udp-size 1232;
    \n };<\/p>\n

  • Knot DNS\n

    max-udp-payload: 1232<\/p>\n

  • Knot Resolver\n

    net.bufsize(1232)<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Authoritative\n

    udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • PowerDNS Recursor\n

    edns-outgoing-bufsize=1232
    \n udp-truncation-threshold=1232<\/p>\n

  • Unbound\n

    edns-buffer-size: 1232<\/p>\n

  • NSD\n

    ipv4-edns-size: 1232
    \n ipv6-edns-size: 1232<\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

    Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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See on teine \u200b\u200bselline \u00fcritus, eelmisel aastal oli \"DNS flag day\" suunatud EDNS-i p\u00e4ringute \u00f5igele t\u00f6\u00f6tlemisele. 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