{"id":98045,"date":"2020-10-23T20:42:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-23T18:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6"},"modified":"2020-11-18T00:58:48","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T22:58:48","slug":"zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/administrirovanie\/zavodim-gnu-linux-na-arm-plate-s-nulya-na-primere-kali-i-imx-6","title":{"rendered":"Zavodim GNU\/Linux ARM-plaatide peal nullist (n\u00e4iteks Kali ja iMX.6)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

tl;dr<\/b>: kogun Kali Linux'i pildi ARM-arvutile, programmiga debootstrap<\/code>, linux <\/code>ja u-boot<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\"Zavodim<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Kui olete ostnud m\u00f5ne mitte v\u00e4ga populaarses olnud \u00fcheplaadi arvuti, siis v\u00f5isite kokku puutuda lemmikjaotuse pildifaili puudumisega. Umbes sama juhtus ka planeeritud Flipper One'iga<\/a><\/noindex>. Kali Linux'i IMX6 jaoks lihtsalt ei eksisteeri (ma valmistan), seega tuleb k\u00f5ik ise kokku panna.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

K\u00e4ivitamisprotsess on piisavalt lihtne:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Riistvara initsialiseeritakse.<\/li>\n
  2. M\u00f5nest piirkonnast andmekaardilt (SD-kaart\/eMMC\/jne) loetakse ja k\u00e4ivitatakse bootloader.<\/li>\n
  3. Bootloader otsib operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi kernelit ja laadib selle m\u00e4llu ning k\u00e4ivitab.<\/li>\n
  4. Kernel laadib \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nMinu \u00fclesande jaoks piisab sellisest detailsuse tasemest, \u00fcksikasju v\u00f5ite lugeda teises artiklis.<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00dcksikasjad, mida mainisin, erinevad plaadilt plaadile, mis tekitab mingeid raskusi paigaldamisel. Serverite ARM-platvormide standardiseerimiseks<\/a><\/noindex> kasutatakse UEFI't, kuid kuna see pole veel k\u00f5ikjal saadaval, tuleb k\u00f5ik eraldi kokku panna.<\/p>\n

    Juurtaseme failis\u00fcsteemi kokkupanek<\/h3>\n

    \nEsiteks tuleb partitsioonid ette valmistada. Das U-Boot toetab erinevaid FS-e, valisin FAT32 \/boot<\/code> ja ext3 juure jaoks, see on Kali jaoks ARM-i standardne partitsioonide jagamine. Kasutan GNU Parted'i, kuid saate teha sama ka mugavama fdisk<\/code>abil. Samuti on vaja dosfstools'e<\/code> ja e2fsprogs<\/code> failis\u00fcsteemi loomiseks: apt install parted dosfstools e2fsprogs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    Partitsioneerime SD-kaardi:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. M\u00e4\u00e4rame SD-kaardi kasutama MBR-partitsioonimist: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mklabel msdos<\/code><\/li>\n
    2. Loome partitsiooni \/boot<\/code> mahus 128 megabaiti: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary fat32 1MiB 128MiB<\/code>. Esimene vahele j\u00e4etud megabait tuleb j\u00e4tta partitsioneeringu ja bootloaderi jaoks.<\/li>\n
    3. Loome juurtaseme FS kogu \u00fclej\u00e4\u00e4nud mahus: parted -s \/dev\/mmcblk0 mkpart primary ext4 128MiB 100%<\/code><\/li>\n
    4. Kui teil ei olnud partitsioonide faile loodud v\u00f5i muudetud, peate k\u00e4ivitama `partprobe`, et partitsioonide tabel loetaks uuesti.<\/li>\n
    5. Loome bootimise partitsiooni failis\u00fcsteemi sildi BOOT<\/code>: mkfs.vfat -n BOOT -F 32 -v \/dev\/mmcblk0p1<\/code><\/li>\n
    6. Loome juurtaseme failis\u00fcsteemi sildiga ROOTFS<\/code>: mkfs.ext3 -L ROOTFS \/dev\/mmcblk0p2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \nSuurep\u00e4rane, n\u00fc\u00fcd saab seda t\u00e4ita. Selleks on vajalik debootstrap<\/code>, utiliit Debian-t\u00fc\u00fcpi operatsioonis\u00fcsteemide juurtaseme failis\u00fcsteemide loomiseks: apt install debootstrap<\/code>.<\/p>\n

      Kogume FS:<\/b><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Mountige partitsioon \/mnt\/<\/code> (kasutage mugavamat mountimise punkti): mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p2 \/mnt<\/code><\/li>\n
      2. T\u00e4idame failis\u00fcsteemi: debootstrap --foreign --include=qemu-user-static --arch armhf kali-rolling \/mnt\/ http:\/\/http.kali.org\/kali<\/code>. Parameeter --include<\/code> n\u00e4itab t\u00e4iendavate pakettide installimist, ma m\u00e4\u00e4rasin staatiliselt koostatud QEMU emulaatori. See v\u00f5imaldab kasutada chroot<\/code> ARM-\u00f6konoomsuses. \u00dclej\u00e4\u00e4nud valikute t\u00e4hendust saab vaadata man debootstrap<\/code>. \u00c4rge unustage, et mitte iga ARM-platvorm ei toeta arhitektuuri armhf<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      3. Arhitektuuride erinevuse t\u00f5ttu debootstrap<\/code> teostatakse kahes etapis, teine etapp toimub nii: chroot \/mnt\/ \/debootstrap\/debootstrap --second-stage<\/code><\/li>\n
      4. N\u00fc\u00fcd tuleb sisse minna: chroot \/mnt \/bin\/bash<\/code><\/li>\n
      5. T\u00e4idame \/etc\/hosts<\/code> ja \/etc\/hostname<\/code> sihtfailis\u00fcsteemi. T\u00e4itke sarnaselt oma kohaliku arvuti sisuga, \u00e4rge unustage vaid muuta hostinime.<\/li>\n
      6. K\u00f5ike muud saab veel h\u00e4\u00e4lestada. Eelk\u00f5ige installin ma lisaks locales<\/code> (hoidla v\u00f5tmed), s\u00e4tin kohalikke seadeid ja ajav\u00f6\u00f6ndit (dpkg-reconfigure locales tzdata<\/code>). \u00c4rge unustage m\u00e4\u00e4rata parool k\u00e4sklusega passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      7. M\u00e4\u00e4rame parooli root<\/code> k\u00e4sklusega passwd<\/code>.<\/li>\n
      8. Kuvandi ettevalmistamine l\u00f5peb minu jaoks t\u00e4itmisega \/etc\/fstab<\/code> sees \/mnt\/<\/code>. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \nLaen \u00fcles vastavalt eelnevalt loodud m\u00e4rkidele, seega sisu on j\u00e4rgmine:<\/p>\n

        LABEL=ROOTFS \/ auto errors=remount-ro 0 1
        \n LABEL=BOOT \/boot auto defaults 0 0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        \nL\u00f5puks saame monteerida k\u00e4ivituspartitsiooni, seda on meil vajaminev, et k\u00e4ivitusprogramm oleks: `mount \/dev\/mmcblk0p1 \/mnt\/boot\/`<\/p>\n

        Linuxi koostamine<\/h3>\n

        \nKuna k\u00e4ivitusprogrammi ja tuuma (ja hiljem) koostamiseks Debian Testingus tuleb installida standardne komplekt GCC-st, GNU Make'ist ja GNU C Library peadest sihtarhitektuurile (minu puhul armhf<\/code>), samuti OpenSSL p\u00e4ised, konsoolikasutaja kalkulaator bc<\/code>, bison<\/code> ja flex<\/code>: apt install crossbuild-essential-armhf bison flex libssl-dev bc<\/code>. Kuna k\u00e4ivitusprogramm otsib vaikimisi faili zImage<\/code> k\u00e4ivituspartitsiooni failis\u00fcsteemis, on aeg flash-disk jagada.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Tuuma kloonimine on liiga aegan\u00f5udev, seega laadige lihtsalt alla: wget https:\/\/cdn.kernel.org\/pub\/linux\/kernel\/v5.x\/linux-5.9.1.tar.xz<\/code>. V\u00e4ljastame ja liikume allikakausta: tar -xf linux-5.9.1.tar.xz && cd linux-5.9.1<\/code><\/li>\n
        2. Konfigureerime enne koostamist: make ARCH=arm KBUILD_DEFCONFIG=imx_v6_v7_defconfig defconfig<\/code>. Konfiguratsioon asub kaustas arch\/arm\/configs\/<\/code>. Kui seda pole, v\u00f5ite proovida leida ja alla laadida ning anda faili nime selle kausta parameeter KBUILD_DEFCONFIG<\/code>. \u00dcksk\u00f5ik, kuidas, minema j\u00e4rgmisse punkti.<\/li>\n
        3. Valikuline on seadetega toimetada: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig<\/code><\/li>\n
        4. Ja ristsuundime pildi: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-<\/code><\/li>\n
        5. N\u00fc\u00fcd saab kopeerida tuumafaili: cp arch\/arm\/boot\/zImage \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        6. Ja failid DeviceTree'ist (olemasoleva riistvara kirjeldus): cp arch\/arm\/boot\/dts\/*.dtb \/mnt\/boot\/<\/code><\/li>\n
        7. Ja installige eraldi failidena koostatavad moodulid: make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- INSTALL_MOD_PATH=\/mnt\/ modules_install<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \nTuuma on valmis. K\u00f5ike v\u00f5ib lahti monteerida: umount \/mnt\/boot\/ \/mnt\/<\/code><\/p>\n

          Das U-Boot<\/h2>\n

          \nKuna laadija on interaktiivne, piisab selle t\u00f6\u00f6 kontrollimiseks ainult emaplaadist, m\u00e4luseadmest ja valikuliselt USB-to-UART seadmest. Ehk siis, tuuma ja ops\u00fcsteemi saab j\u00e4tta hilisemaks.<\/p>\n

          Enamik tootjatest soovitab kasutada Das U-Boot'i esialgseks k\u00e4ivitamiseks. T\u00e4ielik tugi on tavaliselt saadaval enda forks, kuid ka upstream pole unustatud panustada. Minu juhtumi puhul on plaat toetatud peavoolus<\/a><\/noindex>, seega fork<\/a><\/noindex> ma ignoreerisin.<\/p>\n

          Kogume laadija kokku:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Kloonime stabiilse haru hoidlasse: git clone https:\/\/gitlab.denx.de\/u-boot\/u-boot.git -b v2020.10<\/code><\/li>\n
          2. Liigume hoidlasse: cd u-boot<\/code><\/li>\n
          3. Valmistame \u00fclesehituse konfiguratsiooni: make mx6ull_14x14_evk_defconfig<\/code>. See t\u00f6\u00f6tab ainult siis, kui konfiguratsioon on Das U-Boot'is olemas, vastasel juhul peate leidma tootja konfi ja panema selle hoidla juurkatalooge faili .config<\/code>, v\u00f5i koguma muul soovitatud tootja meetodil.<\/li>\n
          4. Kogume laadija pildi ristkompileerijaga armhf<\/code>: make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.imx<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \nTulemuseks on fail u-boot.imx<\/code>, see on valmis pilt, mille saab kirjutada m\u00e4lupulgale. Salvestame SD-kaardile, j\u00e4ttes v\u00e4lja esimesed 1024 baiti. Miks ma valisin sihtkoha u-boot.imx<\/code>? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e 1024 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430? \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 dokumentatsioon<\/a><\/noindex>. Teiste plaatide puhul v\u00f5ib pildiks kogumise ja kirjutamise protsess veidi erineda.<\/p>\n

            Valmis, n\u00fc\u00fcd saab sisse laadida. Laadija peaks teatama enda versioonist, m\u00f5nest teabest plaadi kohta ja proovima leida tuumapilti partitsioonilt. Eba\u00f5nnestumise korral \u00fcritab see laadida v\u00f5rgu kaudu. \u00dcldiselt on v\u00e4ljastus \u00fcsna \u00fcksikasjalik, vigade leidmiseks on v\u00f5imalik neid leida.<\/p>\n

            L\u00f5petuseks<\/h2>\n

            \nKas teadsite, et delfiini lakke ei ole luid? See on s\u00f5na otseses m\u00f5ttes kolmas silm, rasvane l\u00e4\u00e4ts, et helilokatsiooni jaoks!<\/p>\n

            \"Zavodim<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

            \"Zavodim<\/a><\/noindex>
            \n
            Allikas:             habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            tl;dr: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 Kali Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 u-boot. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c Flipper One. Kali Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 IMX6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0443 (\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":98046,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47K\u00e4ivitame GNU\/Linux'i ARM-plaadil nullist (Kali ja iMX.6 n\u00e4itel) | ProHoster","description":"tl;dr: kogun Kali Linuxi pilti ARM-arvutile, programmi debootstrap, linux ja 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ARM-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 debootstrap, linux \u0438 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