{"id":99353,"date":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12"},"modified":"2021-03-05T04:22:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T02:22:39","slug":"google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/google-predstavil-frejmvork-flutter-2-i-yazyk-dart-2-12","title":{"rendered":"Google tutvustas raamistiku Flutter 2 ja keelt Dart 2.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ettev\u00f5te Google esitles kasutajaliidese raamistiku Flutter 2, mis t\u00e4histas projekti \u00fcleminekut mobiilirakenduste arendamiseks m\u00f5eldud raamistiku asemel universaalseks raamistiku mis v\u00f5imaldab luua igasuguseid programme, sealhulgas t\u00f6\u00f6lauas\u00fcsteemide ja veebirakenduste jaoks. <\/p>\n

Flutterit peetakse alternatiiviks React Native'ile ja see v\u00f5imaldab \u00fche koodibaasi alusel v\u00e4lja anda rakendusi erinevatele platvormidele, sealhulgas iOS-ile, Androidile, Windowsile, macOS-ile ja Linuxile ning rakendusi, mis t\u00f6\u00f6tavad brauserites. Varasemalt Flutter 1 peal kirjutatud mobiilirakendused saavad p\u00e4rast \u00fcleminekut Flutter 2 ilma koodi \u00fcmber kirjutamata kohanduda t\u00f6\u00f6laual ja veebis t\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks. <\/p>\n

Flutteri p\u00f5hikood on kirjutatud Dart keeles ja rakenduste k\u00e4itamiseks m\u00f5eldud runtime-mootor on kirjutatud C++ keeles. Rakenduste arendamisel saab Flutteri natiivkeele Dart k\u00f5rval kasutada ka Dart Foreign Function liidest C\/C++ koodi kutsumiseks. Suure j\u00f5udluse saavutamine toimub rakenduste kompileerimise kaudu masinkoodiks sihtplatvormidele. Samuti ei ole programa p\u00e4rast iga muudatust vaja uuesti kompileerida \u2014 Dart pakub sooja taask\u00e4ivitamise re\u017eiimi, mis v\u00f5imaldab teha muudatusi t\u00f6\u00f6tavas rakenduses ja kohe tulemusi hinnata. <\/p>\n

Flutter 2-s on t\u00e4ielik tugi veebirakenduste loomiseks, mis sobivad t\u00f6\u00f6alasteks rakendusteks. Mainitakse kolme peamist rakendussenaariumi Flutteri jaoks veebis: iseseisvate veebirakenduste (PWA, Progressiivsed veebirakendused) arendamine, \u00fche lehe veebirakenduste (SPA, \u00dche lehe rakendused) loomine ja mobiilirakenduste muutmine veebirakendusteks. Veebiarenduse t\u00f6\u00f6riistade erip\u00e4ra on 2D ja 3D-graafika kiirusmehanismide kasutamine, elementide paindlik paigutamine ekraanil ja WebAssembly-sse kompileeritav CanvasKit'i joonistamismootor. <\/p>\n

T\u00f6\u00f6lauarakenduste tugi on beetaversioonis ja stabiilseks muutub see k\u00e4esoleval aastal \u00fches j\u00e4rgmistest v\u00e4ljaannetest. Flutteri arenduse toetamise kohta on teatanud ettev\u00f5tted Canonical, Microsoft ja Toyota. Canonical on valinud Flutteri oma rakenduste peamiseks raamistikuks ja kasutab seda ka uue Ubuntu installeri arendamisel. Microsoft on kohandanud Flutterit kokkuklapitavatele mitmeekraani seadmetele, nagu Surface Duo. Toyota plaanib kasutada Flutterit autot\u00f6\u00f6stuse meelelahutuss\u00fcsteemides. Flutteri baasil on samuti loodud Google'i arendatava mikrokerne operatsioonis\u00fcsteemi Fuchsia kasutajaliides.

\"Google<\/center> <\/p>\n

Samaaegselt ilmus programmeerimiskeele Dart 2.12 v\u00e4ljaanne, kus j\u00e4tkub oluliselt \u00fcmber t\u00f6\u00f6tatud Dart 2 arendamine. Dart 2 erineb esialgsest Dart keele variandist tugeva staatilise t\u00fc\u00fcbistamise rakendamise t\u00f5ttu (t\u00fc\u00fcbid v\u00f5ivad automaatselt tuletuda, seet\u00f5ttu ei ole t\u00fc\u00fcpide m\u00e4\u00e4ramine kohustuslik, kuid d\u00fcnaamilist t\u00fc\u00fcbistamist ei kasutata enam ning esialgne t\u00fc\u00fcp kinnitatakse muutujaga ning edasine t\u00fc\u00fcbikontroll toimub rangelt). <\/p>\n

V\u00e4ljalase on tuntud nulli v\u00e4\u00e4rtuse (null safety) turvalise re\u017eiimi stabiliseerumise poolest, mis aitab v\u00e4ltida rakenduste katkestusi, mis on p\u00f5hjustatud muutujate kasutamisest, mille v\u00e4\u00e4rtus ei ole m\u00e4\u00e4ratud ja on seatud nulliks. Re\u017eiim eeldab, et muutujatel ei saa olla m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemata v\u00e4\u00e4rtusi, kui neile ei ole selges\u00f5naliselt m\u00e4\u00e4ratud v\u00e4\u00e4rtust null. Re\u017eiimis arvestatakse rangelt muutujate t\u00fc\u00fcpe, mis v\u00f5imaldab kompilaatoril rakendada t\u00e4iendavaid optimeerimisi. T\u00fc\u00fcbivastavust kontrollitakse kompileerimise etapis, n\u00e4iteks juhul, kui \u00fcritatakse m\u00e4\u00e4rata nulli v\u00e4\u00e4rtust muutujale, mille t\u00fc\u00fcp ei tohi lubada m\u00e4\u00e4ratlemata seisundit, nagu int, genereeritakse viga. <\/p>\n

Teine oluline t\u00e4iustamine Dart 2.12-s on stabiilne FFI teegi teostus, mis v\u00f5imaldab luua k\u00f5rge j\u00f5udlusega koodi, mille kaudu saab p\u00f6\u00f6rduda C keeles kirjutatud API-de poole. On tehtud j\u00f5udluse ja suuruse optimeerimisi. Arendajatele on lisatud t\u00f6\u00f6riistu ja koodi profiliseerimise s\u00fcsteem, mille on v\u00e4lja t\u00f6\u00f6tanud Flutter, samuti uued pistikprogrammid Dart ja Flutteri rakenduste arendamiseks Android Studio\/IntelliJ ja VS Code jaoks.

\"Google<\/center>
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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