{"id":99682,"date":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","date_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:22:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T14:22:46","slug":"rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/et\/blog\/news\/rust-vklyuchyon-v-chislo-osnovnyh-yazykov-dlya-razrabotki-platformy-android","title":{"rendered":"Rust on kaasatud peamiste keelte hulka Android platvormi arendamiseks.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Google teatas, et programmeerimiskeel Rust on n\u00fc\u00fcd lubatud Androidi arendamiseks. Rusti kompilaator lisati Androidi l\u00e4htekoodide puusse juba 2019. aastal, kuid keele tugi j\u00e4i eksperimentaalseks. \u00dcks esimesi Rustis kirjutatud komponente, mida plaanitakse Androidis tarnida, on uued rakendused vaheprotsesside suhtlemise mehhanismi Binder ja Bluetoothi virna jaoks. <\/p>\n

Rusti rakendamine toimub raames projektist, mille eesm\u00e4rk on tugevdada turvalisust, edendada turvalise programmeerimise praktikaid ja parandada m\u00e4lu probleemide tuvastamise efektiivsust Androidis. M\u00e4rgitakse, et umbes 70% Androidis avastatud ohtlikest haavatavustest on p\u00f5hjustatud m\u00e4lu kasutamise vigadest. Rusti kasutamine, mis keskendub ohutule m\u00e4lu haldamisele ja tagab automaatse m\u00e4lu juhtimise, v\u00e4hendab haavatavuste tekkimise riski, mis on p\u00f5hjustatud m\u00e4lu kasutamise vigadest, nagu m\u00e4lust vabastatud ala kasutamine ja puhverpiiride \u00fcletamine. <\/p>\n

Rust tagab m\u00e4lu ohutu kasutamise kompileerimise ajal viidete kontrollimise, objektide omandi\u00f5iguse j\u00e4lgimise ja objektide eluea (n\u00e4htavuse) arvestamise kaudu, samuti hindab koodi t\u00e4itmise ajal m\u00e4lu juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su \u00f5igsust. Rust pakub ka vahendeid t\u00e4isarvude \u00fcletamise kaitseks, n\u00f5uab muutuja v\u00e4\u00e4rtuste kohustuslikku initsialiseerimist enne kasutamist, k\u00e4sitleb vigu t\u00f5husamalt standardraamatukogus, rakendab immutable (muudatamatut) viidete ja muutuja vaikimisi kontseptsiooni ning pakub tugevat staatilist t\u00fcpiseerimist loogiliste vigade minimeerimiseks. <\/p>\n

Androidis tagatakse m\u00e4lu ohutu kasutamine juba toetatud keeltes Kotlin ja Java, kuid need ei sobi s\u00fcsteemikomponentide arendamiseks suure kulu t\u00f5ttu. Rust v\u00f5imaldab saavutada C ja C++ keelte l\u00e4hedast j\u00f5udlust, mis v\u00f5imaldab seda kasutada madala taseme osade ja seadme suhtlemis komponentide arendamiseks. <\/p>\n

Koodi turvalisuse tagamiseks C ja C++ Androidis rakendatakse sandbox-isolatsiooni, staatilist anal\u00fc\u00fcsi ja fuzzing-teste. Sandbox-isolatsiooni v\u00f5imalused on piiratud ja on saavutanud oma v\u00f5imaluste piiri (edasi jagamine protsessideks ei ole ressursikasutuse seisukohalt m\u00f5istlik). Sandboxi rakendamise piiranguteks on suured kulud ja suurenenud m\u00e4lu tarbimine, mis tulenevad vajadusest luua uusi protsesse, samuti t\u00e4iendavad viivitused, mis on seotud IPC kasutamisega. <\/p>\n

Kuid sandbox ei k\u00f5rvalda koodi haavatavusi, vaid ainult v\u00e4hendab riske ja keerustab r\u00fcnnaku elluviimist, kuna r\u00fcndamiseks on vajalik tuvastada mitte \u00fcks, vaid mitu haavatavust. Koodikatsemeetodid on piiratud sellega, et vigade tuvastamiseks tuleb luua tingimused probleemi ilmnemiseks. K\u00f5iki v\u00f5imalikke variante ei ole v\u00f5imalik katab, seet\u00f5ttu j\u00e4\u00e4b palju vigu t\u00e4helepanuta. <\/p>\n

Androidi s\u00fcsteemiprotsesside puhul j\u00e4rgib Google \"kahe reegel\", mille kohaselt peab iga lisatav kood vastama mitte rohkem kui kahele kolmest tingimusest: t\u00f6\u00f6tamine kontrollimata sisendandmetega, utilizatsioon ebaturvalisest programmeerimiskeelest (C\/C++) ja t\u00f6\u00f6tamine ilma ranged sandbox-isolatsioonita (k\u00f5rgendatud privileegidega). Selle reegli kohaselt peab v\u00e4liste andmete t\u00f6\u00f6tlemiseks m\u00f5eldud kood kas olema piiratud minimaalsete privileegidega (isoleeritud) v\u00f5i olema kirjutatud turvalises programmeerimiskeeles. <\/p>\n

Google ei p\u00fc\u00fca \u00fcmber kirjutada olemasolevat C\/C++ koodi Rustis, vaid plaanib kasutada seda keelt uue koodi v\u00e4ljat\u00f6\u00f6tamiseks. Rusti kasutamine uue koodi jaoks on m\u00f5istlik, kuna statistika kohaselt ilmnevad enamus vigu uues v\u00f5i hiljuti muudetud koodis. Eriti tuleneb umbes 50% Androidi m\u00e4lu vigadest koodist, mis on kirjutatud v\u00e4hem kui aasta tagasi.

\"Rust<\/center>
\n
Allikas: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Google \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b Android. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 Android \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 Android, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f Binder \u0438 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":99683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-99682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Rust on lisatud Androidi platvormi arendamiseks k\u00e4ideldavate peamiseks keeltest | ProHoster","description":"Google teatas, et programmeerimiskeel Rust on lisatud Androidi platvormi arendamiseks lubatud keelte 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