Greg Kroah-Hartman, kes vastutab Linuxi tuuma stabiilse haru toetuse eest, otsustas keelata igasuguste muudatuste vastuv\u00f5tmise Linuxi tuumas Minnesotaa \u00dclikoolist ning tagasi v\u00f5tta k\u00f5ik varasemad aktsepteeritud plaastrid ja l\u00e4bi viia nende uuesti \u00fclevaatamise. Keeldumise p\u00f5hjuseks sai uurimisgrupp, kes uuris v\u00f5imalust varjatud haavatavuste edendamiseks avatud projektide koodis. Antud grupp saatis plaastrid, mis sisaldasid erinevaid vigu, j\u00e4lgis kogukonna reaktsioone ning uuris, kuidas petta muudatuste \u00fclevaatamise protsessi. Gregi arvates on selliste katsete l\u00e4biviimine pahatahtlike muudatuste integreerimiseks vastuv\u00f5etamatu ja ebaeetik. <\/p>\n
\u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 «free». \u0421 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. <\/p>\n
Patchide saatnud osaleja \u00fcritas \u00f5igustada, et katsetab uut staatilist anal\u00fcsaatorit ja muudatus oli ette valmistatud selle kontrolli tulemuste p\u00f5hjal. Kuid Greg juhib t\u00e4helepanu, et pakutud parandused ei ole t\u00fc\u00fcpilised staatiliste anal\u00fcsaatorite tuvastatud vigade jaoks ning k\u00f5ik saadetud pat\u0161id ei paranda midagi. Arvestades, et k\u00f5nealune teadlaste grupp on varem proovinud edendada parandusi, millel on varjatud haavatavused, on ilmne, et nad j\u00e4tkavad oma katsetusi kerni arendajate kogukonna \u00fcle. <\/p>\n
\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 USB-\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 (CVE-2016-4482) \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 (CVE-2016-4485). \u0412 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 CVE-2019-12819, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0432 2014 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 mdio_bus \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 put_device, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f («use-after-free»). <\/p>\n
Sellegipoolest v\u00e4idavad uuringu autorid, et oma t\u00f6\u00f6s on nad generaliseerinud andmed 138 paranduse kohta, mis toovad kaasa vigu ja ei ole seotud uuringus osalejatega. Proovikiri oma vigadega paranduste saatmiseks piirdus ainult e-kirjadega ning sellised muudatused ei j\u00f5udnud Git'i (kui p\u00e4rast paranduse saatmist e-posti teel pidas haldaja parandust normaalseks, paluti tal mitte kaasata muudatust, kuna seal oli viga, p\u00e4rast mida saadeti \u00f5ige paranduse). <\/p>\n
Lisa 1: Autorite kritiseeritud paranduse aktiivsuse p\u00f5hjal saadab ta juba ammu pat\u0161e erinevatesse tuuma allk\u00fclgedesse. N\u00e4iteks on radeon ja nouveau draiverite jaoks hiljuti vastu v\u00f5etud muudatused, mis kutsuvad esile pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(dev->dev) veat\u00f6\u00f6tluse plokis, mis t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt toob kaasa puhvri kasutamise p\u00e4rast tema seotud m\u00e4lust vabastamist. <\/p>\n
\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2: \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b 190 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 «@umn.edu» \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 «@umn.edu» \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c 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\u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u044d\u0439\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0430-\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043c\u0430\u043d (Greg Kroah-Hartman), \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 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