🥇Prometheus: HTTP monitorizazioa Blackbox esportatzailearen bidez

Kaixo guztioi. Maiatzean OTUS abiarazten da jarraipena eta erregistroari buruzko tailerra, bai azpiegiturak bai aplikazioak Zabbix, Prometheus, Grafana eta ELK erabiliz. Zentzu honetan, tradizionalki gaiari buruzko material erabilgarria partekatzen dugu.

Blackbox esportatzailea For Prometheus-ek kanpoko zerbitzuen jarraipena ezartzeko aukera ematen du HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, TCP, ICMP bidez. Artikulu honetan, Blackbox esportatzailea erabiliz HTTP/HTTPS monitorizazioa nola konfiguratu erakutsiko dizut. Blackbox esportatzailea abiaraziko dugu Kubernetesen.

Ingurumena

Honako hauek beharko ditugu:

Kubernetes
Prometheus operadorea

Esportatzailearen kutxa beltzaren konfigurazioa

Blackbox bidez konfiguratzen ConfigMap ezarpenetarako http web zerbitzuen jarraipen modulua.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
  blackbox.yaml: |
    modules:
      http_2xx:
        http:
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Modulua http_2xx web-zerbitzuak HTTP 2xx egoera-kode bat itzultzen duela egiaztatzeko erabiltzen da. Blackbox esportatzailearen konfigurazioa xehetasun gehiagorekin deskribatzen da dokumentazioa.

Blackbox esportatzaile bat Kubernetes kluster batean zabaltzea

Deskribatzea Deployment и Service Kubernetes-en hedatzeko.

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9115
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
        - name: blackbox-exporter
          image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.15.1"
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          securityContext:
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 1000
          args:
            - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
          resources:
            {}
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9115
              name: http
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /config
              name: config
        - name: configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.2.2"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          securityContext:
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65534
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9115/-/reload
          resources:
            {}
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /etc/config
              name: config
              readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Blackbox esportatzailea hurrengo komandoa erabiliz inplementa daiteke. Izen-gunea monitoring Prometheus Operator aipatzen du.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f blackbox-exporter.yaml

Ziurtatu zerbitzu guztiak exekutatzen ari direla komando hau erabiliz:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring get all --selector=app=prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Blackbox egiaztapena

Blackbox esportatzaileen web interfazera sar zaitezke erabiliz port-forward:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-blackbox-exporter 9115:9115

Konektatu Blackbox esportatzaileen web interfazera web arakatzaile baten bidez hemen localhost: 9115.

Helbidera joaten bazara http://localhost:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=https://www.google.com, zehaztutako URLa egiaztatzearen emaitza ikusiko duzu (https://www.google.com).

Balio metrikoa probe_success 1 berdinak egiaztapen arrakastatsua esan nahi du. 0 balio batek errore bat adierazten du.

Prometheus konfiguratzea

BlackBox esportatzailea zabaldu ondoren, Prometheus-en konfiguratzen dugu prometheus-additional.yaml.

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  scrape_interval: 1w
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://www.google.com
      - http://www.example.com
      - https://prometheus.io
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Sortzen dugu Secrethurrengo komandoa erabiliz.

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Adierazten dugu additional-scrape-configs Prometheus Operator erabiltzeko additionalScrapeConfigs.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheuses k8s
...
spec:
  additionalScrapeConfigs:
    key: prometheus-additional.yaml
    name: additional-scrape-configs

Prometheus web interfazera joaten gara eta metrika eta helburuak egiaztatzen ditugu.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-k8s 9090:9090

Blackbox-en neurketak eta helburuak ikusten ditugu.

Jakinarazpenetarako arauak gehitzea (abisua)

Blackbox esportatzailearen jakinarazpenak jasotzeko, arauak gehituko dizkiogu Prometheus Operator-era.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: blackbox-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: ProbeFailed
      expr: probe_success == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Probe failed (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Probe failedn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowProbe
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow probe (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox probe took more than 1s to completen  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpStatusCode
      expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP Status Code (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP status code is not 200-399n  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateWillExpireSoon
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate will expire soon (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate expires in 30 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateHasExpired
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()  <= 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate has expired (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate has expired alreadyn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpSlowRequests
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_http_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP slow requests (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP request took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowPing
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_icmp_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow ping (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox ping took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

Prometheus web-interfazean, joan Egoera => Arauak eta aurkitu blackbox-exporter-en alerta-arauak.

Kubernetes API Server SSL Ziurtagiriaren iraungitze jakinarazpenak konfiguratzea

Konfigura dezagun Kubernetes API Server SSL ziurtagiriaren iraungipenaren jarraipena. Jakinarazpenak astean behin bidaliko ditu.

Blackbox esportatzaile modulua gehitzea Kubernetes API zerbitzariaren autentifikaziorako.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit configmap prometheus-blackbox-exporter
...
      kube-api:
        http:
          method: GET
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: false
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Prometheus scrape konfigurazioa gehitzea

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [kube-api]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://kubernetes.default.svc/api
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Prometheus Secret erabiliz

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Alerta-arauak gehitzea

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: k8s-api-server-cert-expiry
    rules:
    - alert: K8sAPIServerSSLCertExpiringAfterThreeMonths
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry{job="kube-api-blackbox"} - time() < 86400 * 90 
      for: 1w
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate will expire after three months (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate expires in 90 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

Esteka interesgarriak

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