{"id":102442,"date":"2021-12-02T03:36:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T01:36:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix"},"modified":"2021-12-02T03:36:44","modified_gmt":"2021-12-02T01:36:44","slug":"vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/news\/vypusk-distributiva-nixos-21-11-ispolzuyushhego-paketnyj-menedzher-nix","title":{"rendered":"Publication de la distribution NixOS 21.11 utilisant le gestionnaire de paquets Nix","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La version 21.11 de NixOS a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e, bas\u00e9e sur le gestionnaire de paquets Nix et offrant plusieurs d\u00e9veloppements propres qui facilitent la configuration et la maintenance du syst\u00e8me. Par exemple, NixOS utilise un fichier de configuration syst\u00e8me unique (configuration.nix), permettant un retour rapide en arri\u00e8re des mises \u00e0 jour, le support de la commutation entre diff\u00e9rents \u00e9tats du syst\u00e8me, ainsi que l'installation de paquets individuels par des utilisateurs s\u00e9par\u00e9s (le paquet est install\u00e9 dans le r\u00e9pertoire personnel). Il est \u00e9galement possible d'installer plusieurs versions d'un m\u00eame programme simultan\u00e9ment, garantissant des constructions reproductibles. La taille de l'image d'installation compl\u00e8te avec KDE est de 1,6 Go, GNOME - 2 Go, et la version console r\u00e9duite - 765 Mo.     <\/p>\n<p>Les principales nouveaut\u00e9s :  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Le bureau KDE Plasma par d\u00e9faut a \u00e9t\u00e9 converti pour utiliser le protocole Wayland. Les bureaux GNOME 41 et Pantheon 6 (d'Elementary OS 6) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis \u00e0 jour.\n<li class=\"l\"> Un ensemble iptables-nft a remplac\u00e9 iptables, fournissant des utilitaires avec la m\u00eame syntaxe de ligne de commande, mais traduisant les r\u00e8gles re\u00e7ues en bytecode nf_tables.\n<li class=\"l\"> Les versions de Systemd 249, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, PostgreSQL 13, bash 5, OpenSSH 8.8p1 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mises \u00e0 jour.\n<li class=\"l\"> Le support du syst\u00e8me de gestion des conteneurs LXD a \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9. Il est d\u00e9sormais possible de cr\u00e9er des images pour LXD \u00e0 partir de fichiers de configuration avec nixpkgs. La construction d'images nixOS avec un support complet pour nixos-rebuild est assur\u00e9e, permettant leur utilisation de mani\u00e8re autonome.\n<li class=\"l\"> Plus de 40 nouveaux services ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9s, y compris Git, btrbk (sauvegarde btrfs), clipcat (gestionnaire de presse-papiers), dex (fournisseur OAuth 2.0), Jibri (service d'enregistrement des conf\u00e9rences Jitsi Meet), Kea (serveur DHCP), owncast (streaming vid\u00e9o), PeerTube, ucarp (impl\u00e9mentation du protocole CARP), opensnitch (pare-feu dynamique), Hockeypuck (serveur de cl\u00e9s OpenPGP), MeshCentral (\u00e9quivalent de TeamViewer), influxdb2 (SGBD pour le stockage des m\u00e9triques), fluidd (interface web pour la gestion des imprimantes 3D), postfixadmin (interface web pour la gestion des mails sur Postfix), seafile (plateforme de stockage en cloud). <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/server\/dts-prohoster\/\"   title=\"serveur\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3027\">serveur<\/a> bas\u00e9 sur Postfix), seafile (plateforme de stockage cloud).      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lors de l'utilisation de Nix, les paquets sont install\u00e9s dans un arbre de r\u00e9pertoires s\u00e9par\u00e9 \/nix\/store ou dans un sous-r\u00e9pertoire du r\u00e9pertoire utilisateur. Par exemple, un paquet est install\u00e9 sous \/nix\/store\/a2b5\u20268b163-firefox-94.0.2\/, o\u00f9 \u00ab a2b5\u2026 \u00bb est un identifiant unique du paquet utilis\u00e9 pour g\u00e9rer les d\u00e9pendances. Les paquets sont configur\u00e9s sous forme de conteneurs, contenant les composants n\u00e9cessaires au fonctionnement des applications. Une approche similaire est adopt\u00e9e dans le gestionnaire de paquets GNU Guix, qui repose sur les travaux de Nix.      <\/p>\n<p>Il est possible de d\u00e9finir des d\u00e9pendances entre les paquets, avec un scan des identifiants de hachage dans le r\u00e9pertoire des paquets install\u00e9s pour v\u00e9rifier la pr\u00e9sence de d\u00e9pendances d\u00e9j\u00e0 install\u00e9es. Il est possible de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger des paquets binaires pr\u00eats \u00e0 l'emploi depuis le d\u00e9p\u00f4t (lors de l'installation des mises \u00e0 jour, seules les modifications delta des paquets binaires sont t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9es), ainsi que de compiler \u00e0 partir des sources avec toutes les d\u00e9pendances. La collection de paquets est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans un d\u00e9p\u00f4t sp\u00e9cial Nixpkgs.          <\/p>\n<p>Source : <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=56263\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 21.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 Nix \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 NixOS \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (configuration.nix), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 NixOS 21.11, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435 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