{"id":103808,"date":"2022-04-18T09:36:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T07:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/proekt-celestial-razvivaet-sborku-ubuntu-s-flatpak-vmesto-snap"},"modified":"2022-04-18T09:36:46","modified_gmt":"2022-04-18T07:36:47","slug":"proekt-celestial-razvivaet-sborku-ubuntu-s-flatpak-vmesto-snap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/news\/proekt-celestial-razvivaet-sborku-ubuntu-s-flatpak-vmesto-snap","title":{"rendered":"Le projet Celestial d\u00e9veloppe une version d'Ubuntu avec Flatpak au lieu de Snap","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

La version b\u00eata de la distribution CelOS (Celestial OS), qui est une reconfiguration d'Ubuntu 22.04, a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e. Dans cette version, l'outil de gestion des paquets Snap est remplac\u00e9 par Flatpak. Au lieu d'installer des applications suppl\u00e9mentaires depuis le catalogue Snap Store, une int\u00e9gration avec le catalogue Flathub est propos\u00e9e. La taille de l'image d'installation est de 3,7 Go. Les avanc\u00e9es du projet sont diffus\u00e9es sous la licence GPLv3. <\/p>\n

L'assemblage comprend une s\u00e9lection d'applications GNOME distribu\u00e9es au format Flatpak, ainsi que la possibilit\u00e9 d'installer rapidement des programmes suppl\u00e9mentaires depuis le catalogue Flathub. L'interface utilisateur propos\u00e9e est le GNOME standard avec le th\u00e8me Adwaita, tel qu'il est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par le projet principal, sans utiliser le th\u00e8me Yaru propos\u00e9 par Ubuntu. L'installateur utilis\u00e9 est le standard Ubiquity. <\/p>\n

Les paquets aisleriot, gnome-mahjongg, gnome-mines, gnome-sudoku, evince, libreoffice, rhythmbox, remmina, shotwell, thunderbird, totem, snapd, firefox, gedit, cheese, gnome-calculator, gnome-calendar, gnome-font-viewer, gnome-characters et ubuntu-session ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exclus de l'offre de base. Les paquets deb gnome-tweak-tool, gnome-software, gnome-software-plugin-flatpak, Flatpak et gnome-session ont \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9s, ainsi que les paquets flatpak Adwaita-dark, Epiphany, gedit, Cheese, Calculator, clocks, Calendar, Photos, Characters, font-viewer, Contacts, Weather et Flatseal.

\"Le<\/center> <\/p>\n

Les diff\u00e9rences entre Flatpak et Snap se r\u00e9sument au fait que Snap propose un runtime de base l\u00e9ger bas\u00e9 sur des versions monolithiques d'Ubuntu Core, tandis que Flatpak utilise en plus des couches de runtime suppl\u00e9mentaires et ind\u00e9pendamment mises \u00e0 jour (bundle) avec des ensembles de d\u00e9pendances standard pour le fonctionnement des applications. Ainsi, Snap d\u00e9place la plupart des biblioth\u00e8ques applicatives c\u00f4t\u00e9 paquets (r\u00e9cemment, il est possible de d\u00e9placer de grandes biblioth\u00e8ques, telles que les biblioth\u00e8ques GNOME et GTK, vers des paquets communs), tandis que Flatpak propose des ensembles de biblioth\u00e8ques bundle communs pour diff\u00e9rents paquets (par exemple, dans le bundle, se trouvent les biblioth\u00e8ques n\u00e9cessaires au fonctionnement des programmes avec GNOME ou KDE), ce qui permet de rendre les paquets plus compacts. <\/p>\n

Pour la distribution de paquets Flatpak, une image bas\u00e9e sur la sp\u00e9cification OCI (Open Container Initiative) est utilis\u00e9e, tandis que Snap utilise le montage d'images au format SquashFS. Pour l'isolation dans Flatpak, une couche Bubblewrap est appliqu\u00e9e (qui utilise des cgroups, des espaces de noms, Seccomp et SELinux), et pour l'acc\u00e8s aux ressources hors du conteneur, le m\u00e9canisme des portails est utilis\u00e9. Snap utilise \u00e9galement des cgroups, des espaces de noms, Seccomp et AppArmor pour l'isolation, tandis que des interfaces connectables sont utilis\u00e9es pour interagir avec le monde ext\u00e9rieur et d'autres paquets. Snap est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 sous le contr\u00f4le total de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Canonical et est en dehors du contr\u00f4le de la communaut\u00e9, tandis que le projet Flatpak est ind\u00e9pendant, offre une int\u00e9gration plus compl\u00e8te avec GNOME et n'est pas li\u00e9 \u00e0 un seul r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel.
\n
Source : opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 CelOS (Celestial OS), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 Ubuntu 22.04, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 Snap \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0451\u043d \u043d\u0430 Flatpak. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 Snap Store \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c Flathub. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 3.7 \u0413\u0411. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GPLv3. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 GNOME, 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