{"id":121869,"date":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http"},"modified":"2025-02-12T14:22:12","modified_gmt":"2025-02-12T12:22:12","slug":"dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/news\/dlya-systemd-razvivaetsya-vozmozhnost-zagruzki-sistemnyh-obrazov-po-http","title":{"rendered":"Pour systemd, la possibilit\u00e9 de charger des images syst\u00e8me via HTTP est en cours de d\u00e9veloppement.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Lennart Poettering a propos\u00e9 d'int\u00e9grer dans le gestionnaire syst\u00e8me systemd une modification permettant de d\u00e9marrer le syst\u00e8me en utilisant une image de syst\u00e8me de fichiers racine obtenue depuis un h\u00f4te externe via le protocole HTTP. La modification consiste \u00e0 \u00e9tendre systemd de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu'il puisse non seulement t\u00e9l\u00e9charger l'image disque par HTTP au d\u00e9but du processus de d\u00e9marrage, mais aussi d\u00e9baller l'image t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9e, la lier \u00e0 un dispositif bloc en mode loopback, monter le dispositif bloc comme \/sysroot et d\u00e9marrer \u00e0 partir de celui-ci.      <\/p>\n<p>La prise en charge du t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement d'images disque lors du d\u00e9marrage du syst\u00e8me via systemd-import-generator est d\u00e9j\u00e0 incluse dans systemd 257. Le reste des fonctionnalit\u00e9s est encore en phase de prototype de travail, n\u00e9cessitant des am\u00e9liorations. Actuellement, le cycle de d\u00e9marrage complet n'est pas support\u00e9, mais \u00e0 l'avenir, la fonctionnalit\u00e9 sera d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour permettre le d\u00e9marrage via UEFI HTTP Boot d'images kernel universelles UKI (Unified Kernel Image), qui regroupent dans un m\u00eame fichier le chargeur pour UEFI (UEFI boot stub), l'image du noyau Linux et l'environnement syst\u00e8me initrd \u00e0 charger en m\u00e9moire.     <\/p>\n<p>L'URL pour t\u00e9l\u00e9charger l'image syst\u00e8me sera calcul\u00e9 sur la base de l'URL sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9e pour l'image EFI dans les param\u00e8tres UEFI HTTP Boot (par exemple, lors du d\u00e9marrage via EFI HTTP Boot \u00ab http:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.efi \u00bb, le gestionnaire initrd UKI t\u00e9l\u00e9chargera l'image rootfs comme \u00ab http:\/\/example.com\/somedir\/myimage.raw.xz \u00bb). \u00c0 l'avenir, en plus de HTTP, la prise en charge de la technologie NVMe-over-TCP, permettant d'acc\u00e9der aux disques NVMe sur le r\u00e9seau (NVM Express over Fabrics), sera ajout\u00e9e comme moyen de transport pour obtenir l'image.      <\/p>\n<p>Il est pr\u00e9vu que le d\u00e9marrage \u00e0 partir d'images obtenues d'un h\u00f4te externe simplifie l'organisation des tests de syst\u00e8mes d'exploitation modernes immuables sur un v\u00e9ritable mat\u00e9riel. Le d\u00e9veloppeur peut cr\u00e9er sur son ordinateur une image avec l'environnement syst\u00e8me \u00e0 l'aide de l'outil mkosi et la rendre disponible via HTTP avec la commande \u00ab mkosi -f serve \u00bb. Sur l'ordinateur o\u00f9 le test du syst\u00e8me doit \u00eatre effectu\u00e9, il suffit d'activer le d\u00e9marrage HTTP dans l'EFI et d'ajouter l'URL de l'image \u00e0 charger avec la commande : kernel-bootcfg \u2014add-uri=http:\/\/192.168.47.11:8081\/image.efi \u2014title=testloop \u2014boot-order=0      <\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s quoi, il suffit de red\u00e9marrer l'ordinateur et il chargera l'image par d\u00e9faut du noyau UKI, qui chargera ensuite l'image disque pr\u00e9par\u00e9e par le d\u00e9veloppeur avec le syst\u00e8me de fichiers racine. Avant la d\u00e9sactivation du d\u00e9marrage EFI via HTTP, chaque red\u00e9marrage ult\u00e9rieur de l'ordinateur entra\u00eenera le chargement d'une nouvelle image syst\u00e8me. Ce type de test n'affecte en aucune mani\u00e8re les disques locaux.<br \/>\n<br \/>Source : <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62711\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 (Lennart Poettering) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 systemd \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 HTTP. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e systemd \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u043e HTTP \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 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