{"id":35721,"date":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:05:57","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:05:57","slug":"minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/administrirovanie\/minimalnaya-ustanovka-centos-fedora-redhat","title":{"rendered":"Installation minimale de CentOS\/Fedora\/RedHat","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Je ne doute pas que les nobles administrateurs Linux cherchent \u00e0 minimiser au maximum le nombre de paquets install\u00e9s sur le serveur. Cela est plus \u00e9conomique, plus s\u00fbr et donne \u00e0 l'administrateur un sentiment de contr\u00f4le total et de compr\u00e9hension des processus en cours.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, le sc\u00e9nario typique d'une installation initiale du syst\u00e8me d'exploitation consiste \u00e0 choisir l'option minimale, puis \u00e0 remplir avec les paquets n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n

\"Installation
\n
\nCependant, l'option minimale propos\u00e9e par l'installateur CentOS ne s'av\u00e8re pas tout \u00e0 fait minimale. Il existe un moyen de r\u00e9duire la taille de l'installation initiale du syst\u00e8me de mani\u00e8re standard document\u00e9e.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nEn utilisant le syst\u00e8me d'exploitation CentOS en pratique, on finit t\u00f4t ou tard par d\u00e9couvrir l'automatisation de son installation gr\u00e2ce au m\u00e9canisme Kickstart. Je n'installe plus CentOS via l'installateur standard depuis longtemps. Au fil du temps, j'ai accumul\u00e9 un bon arsenal de fichiers kickstart permettant de d\u00e9ployer des syst\u00e8mes en mode automatique, y compris sur LVM, dans des partitions crypt\u00e9es, avec un GUI minimal, etc.<\/p>\n

Et voil\u00e0, dans l'une des versions de la septi\u00e8me, RedHat a ajout\u00e9 une option \u00e9tonnante dans Kickstart, permettant de minimiser encore plus l'image du syst\u00e8me \u00e0 installer :<\/p>\n

—nocore<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u00e9sactive l'installation du Noyau<\/a><\/noindex> groupe de paquets qui est par ailleurs toujours install\u00e9 par d\u00e9faut. La d\u00e9sactivation du Noyau<\/a><\/noindex> Le groupe de packages ne doit \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 que pour cr\u00e9er des conteneurs l\u00e9gers ; installer un syst\u00e8me de bureau ou de serveur avec —nocore entra\u00eenera un syst\u00e8me inutilisable.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

RedHat avertit honn\u00eatement des cons\u00e9quences possibles de l'utilisation de cette option, cependant, les ann\u00e9es d'utilisation dans un environnement r\u00e9el confirment sa stabilit\u00e9 et son applicabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ci-dessous un exemple de fichier kickstart pour une installation minimale. Les audacieux peuvent l'exclure de yum. Soyez pr\u00eats aux surprises :<\/p>\n

installer\ntexte\n\nurl --url=\"http:\/\/server\/centos\/7\/os\/x86_64\/\"\n\neula --accept\u00e9\npremierboot --d\u00e9sactiver\n\nclavier --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'\nlangue fr_FR.UTF-8\ntimezone Afrique\/Abidjan\n\nauth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512\nmotdepasse --enclair ***\n\nignoredisk --only-use=sda\n\nzerombr\nbootloader --location=mbr\nclearpart --all --initlabel\n\npart \/boot\/efi --fstype=\"efi\" --size=100 --fsoptions=\"umask=0077,shortname=winnt\"\npart \/ --fstype=\"ext4\" --size=1 --grow\n\nr\u00e9seau --bootproto=dhcp --hostname=localhost --onboot=on --activate\n\n#red\u00e9marrer\narr\u00eat\n\n%packages --nocore --nobase --excludedocs\nyum\n\n%end\n\ndon com_redhat_kdump --disable\n\n%end\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJe tiens \u00e0 noter que CentOS\/RedHat est plus tol\u00e9rant que Fedora dans l'interpr\u00e9tation de l'option. La derni\u00e8re vide tellement le syst\u00e8me qu'il faudra une r\u00e9installation en ajoutant des utilitaires vitaux.<\/p>\n
En guise de bonus, voici un \u00ab sort \u00bb pour installer un environnement graphique minimal sur CentOS\/RedHat (version 7) :<\/p>\n
yum -y groupinstall x11\nyum -y install gnome-classic-session\nsystemctl set-default graphical.target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nJ'ai test\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois l'image minimale du syst\u00e8me d'exploitation et l'environnement graphique minimal, et ils fonctionnent sur des syst\u00e8mes r\u00e9els.
\n
Source : habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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