{"id":55360,"date":"2020-01-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/kopileft-litsenzii-postepenno-vytesnyayutsya-permissivnymi"},"modified":"2020-02-18T14:03:28","modified_gmt":"2020-02-18T11:03:28","slug":"kopileft-litsenzii-postepenno-vytesnyayutsya-permissivnymi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/news\/kopileft-litsenzii-postepenno-vytesnyayutsya-permissivnymi","title":{"rendered":"Les licences copyleft sont progressivement remplac\u00e9es par des licences permissives","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 WhiteSource a analys\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> Les licences repr\u00e9sentent 4 millions de paquets open source et 130 millions de fichiers de code dans 200 langages de programmation diff\u00e9rents. Il en ressort que la part des licences copyleft diminue constamment. En 2012, 59% de tous les projets open source \u00e9taient sous des licences copyleft comme la GPL, LGPL et AGPL, tandis que la part des licences permissives telles que MIT, Apache et BSD \u00e9tait de 41%. En 2016, cette proportion a chang\u00e9 en faveur des licences permissives, qui ont atteint 55%. D'ici 2019, l'\u00e9cart s'est \u00e9largi, avec 67% des projets sous des licences permissives et 33% sous des licences copyleft. <\/p>\n

\"Les<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Selon l'un des responsables de WhiteSource, la notion de copyleft est n\u00e9e d'une opposition aux entreprises pour \u00e9viter l'utilisation du code open source \u00e0 des fins lucratives sans retour ou restreindre sa diffusion. La tendance \u00e0 une popularit\u00e9 croissante des licences permissives s'explique par le fait qu'il n'y a plus de distinction claire entre les int\u00e9r\u00eats des entreprises et ceux de la communaut\u00e9 open source, ainsi que par l'augmentation de l'implication des entreprises dans le d\u00e9veloppement de logiciels open source, qui pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent utiliser des licences permissives pour leur commodit\u00e9 et leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Dans ce contexte, au lieu de l'opposition entre les entreprises et la communaut\u00e9, une rivalit\u00e9 \u00e9merge entre les fournisseurs de services cloud et les startups qui d\u00e9veloppent des projets open source. Le m\u00e9contentement face \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de produits commerciaux d\u00e9riv\u00e9s par les fournisseurs de cloud et leur revente de frameworks et de bases de donn\u00e9es open source sous forme de services cloud, sans contribuer \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 ni aider au d\u00e9veloppement, entra\u00eene un passage des projets vers des licences propri\u00e9taires ou un mod\u00e8le. Open Core<\/a><\/noindex>. Par exemple, ces changements ont r\u00e9cemment touch\u00e9 les projets ElasticSearch<\/a><\/noindex>, Redis<\/a><\/noindex>, MongoDB<\/a><\/noindex>, Timescale<\/a><\/noindex> et CockroachDB<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Rappelons que la diff\u00e9rence entre les licences copyleft et permissives r\u00e9side dans le fait que les licences copyleft exigent imp\u00e9rativement le maintien des conditions d'origine pour les \u0153uvres d\u00e9riv\u00e9es (dans le cas de la GPL, il est requis de distribuer sous GPL le code de toutes les \u0153uvres d\u00e9riv\u00e9es), tandis que les licences permissives permettent de modifier ces conditions, y compris d'utiliser le code dans des projets ferm\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Source : opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0412 2012 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 59% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0444\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a GPL, LGPL \u0438 AGPL, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a MIT, Apache \u0438 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