{"id":92955,"date":"2020-09-01T19:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-09-01T17:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/identifikacziya-polzovatelej-po-istorii-poseshhenij-v-brauzere"},"modified":"2020-09-01T19:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T17:42:04","slug":"identifikacziya-polzovatelej-po-istorii-poseshhenij-v-brauzere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/fr\/blog\/news\/identifikacziya-polzovatelej-po-istorii-poseshhenij-v-brauzere","title":{"rendered":"Identification des utilisateurs par l'historique de navigation","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Les employ\u00e9s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Mozilla ont publi\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> les r\u00e9sultats d'une \u00e9tude sur la possibilit\u00e9 d'identifier les utilisateurs sur la base de leur profil de navigation, qui peut \u00eatre visible par des tiers et des sites web. L'analyse de 52 000 profils de navigation fournis par des utilisateurs de Firefox participant \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9rience a montr\u00e9 que les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences de visite de sites sont caract\u00e9ristiques de chaque utilisateur et constantes. L'unicit\u00e9 des profils d'historique de navigation obtenus \u00e9tait de 99 %. De plus, un haut degr\u00e9 d'unicit\u00e9 des profils est maintenu m\u00eame si l'\u00e9chantillon est limit\u00e9 \u00e0 une centaine de sites populaires.<\/p>\n

\"Identification<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Une v\u00e9rification de la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9identification a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e lors d'une exp\u00e9rience de deux semaines \u2013 les donn\u00e9es de visites de la premi\u00e8re semaine ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compar\u00e9es \u00e0 celles de la deuxi\u00e8me semaine. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait possible de r\u00e9identifier 50 % des utilisateurs ayant visit\u00e9 50 domaines diff\u00e9rents ou plus. Lorsque 150 domaines diff\u00e9rents ou plus \u00e9taient visit\u00e9s, le taux de r\u00e9identification augmentait jusqu'\u00e0 80 %. La v\u00e9rification a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur un \u00e9chantillon de 10 000 sites pour simuler les donn\u00e9es que pourraient obtenir de grands fournisseurs de contenu (par exemple, Google peut contr\u00f4ler les acc\u00e8s \u00e0 9823 sites parmi ces 10 000, Facebook \u00e0 7348, Verizon \u00e0 5500).<\/p>\n

Cette caract\u00e9ristique permet aux grands propri\u00e9taires de ressources populaires d'identifier les utilisateurs avec une probabilit\u00e9 suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Par exemple, les entreprises Google, Facebook et Twitter, dont les widgets sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9s sur des sites tiers, peuvent th\u00e9oriquement r\u00e9identifier environ 80 % des utilisateurs.<\/p>\n

\"Identification<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Il est \u00e9galement possible de d\u00e9terminer les sites pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment ouverts par des m\u00e9thodes indirectes, par exemple en parcourant dans le code JavaScript des domaines populaires en \u00e9valuant les diff\u00e9rences de latence lors du chargement des ressources \u2013 si un site a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment ouvert par l'utilisateur, la ressource sera fournie \u00e0 partir du cache du navigateur presque instantan\u00e9ment. Auparavant, pour d\u00e9terminer les pages ouvertes, on pouvait utiliser \u00e9valuation<\/a><\/noindex> le cache des r\u00e9glages HSTS (lors de l'ouverture d'un site avec HSTS, les requ\u00eates HTTP \u00e9taient imm\u00e9diatement redirig\u00e9es vers HTTPS sans tentative de connexion par HTTP) et l'analyse<\/a><\/noindex> l'\u00e9tat de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 CSS \u00ab visited \u00bb. <\/p>\n

De telles m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9termination de l'historique de navigation bas\u00e9es sur CSS ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es dans une \u00e9tude similaire, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<\/a><\/noindex> De 2009 \u00e0 2011, cette recherche a montr\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 d'identifier 42 % des utilisateurs en v\u00e9rifiant 50 pages et 70 % en v\u00e9rifiant 500 pages. \u00c9tude de Mozilla a confirm\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> et a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 les conclusions de la publication pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, tout en augmentant consid\u00e9rablement la pr\u00e9cision de la d\u00e9termination de l'historique des visites, et la couverture des domaines v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s est pass\u00e9e de 6000 \u00e0 10000 (des donn\u00e9es sur 660000 domaines ont \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenues, mais lors de l'\u00e9valuation de l'identification, un \u00e9chantillon de 10000 des domaines les plus populaires a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9). <\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Source : opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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