🥇Prometheus: Monatóireacht HTTP trí onnmhaireoir Blackbox

Dia duit gach duine. I mí na Bealtaine seolann OTUS ceardlann ar mhonatóireacht agus logáil, bonneagar agus feidhmchláir ag baint úsáide as Zabbix, Prometheus, Grafana agus ELK. Maidir leis seo, go traidisiúnta roinnimid ábhar úsáideach ar an ábhar.

Onnmhaireoir Blackbox le haghaidh Prometheus is féidir leat monatóireacht a dhéanamh ar sheirbhísí seachtracha trí HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, TCP, ICMP. San Airteagal seo, taispeánfaidh mé duit conas monatóireacht HTTP / HTTPS a bhunú ag baint úsáide as onnmhaireoir Blackbox. Seolfaimid an t-onnmhaireoir Blackbox i Kubernetes.

An timpeallacht

Beidh na nithe seo a leanas ag teastáil uainn:

Kubernetes
Oibreoir Prometheus

Cumraíocht bhosca dubh an onnmhaireora

Blackbox á chumrú trí ConfigMap le haghaidh socruithe http modúl monatóireachta seirbhísí gréasáin.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
  blackbox.yaml: |
    modules:
      http_2xx:
        http:
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Modúl http_2xx a úsáidtear chun a sheiceáil go dtugann an tseirbhís gréasáin cód stádais HTTP 2xx ar ais. Déantar cur síos níos mionsonraithe ar chumraíocht easpórtála an bhosca dhubh i doiciméadú.

Onnmhaireoir bosca dubh a imscaradh chuig braisle Kubernetes

Déan cur síos Deployment и Service le himscaradh i Kubernetes.

---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9115
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  labels:
    app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Always
      containers:
        - name: blackbox-exporter
          image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.15.1"
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          securityContext:
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 1000
          args:
            - "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
          resources:
            {}
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9115
              name: http
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health
              port: http
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /config
              name: config
        - name: configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.2.2"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          securityContext:
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65534
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9115/-/reload
          resources:
            {}
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /etc/config
              name: config
              readOnly: true
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Is féidir easpórtálaí Blackbox a imscaradh leis an ordú seo a leanas. Ainmspás monitoring Tagraíonn Oibreoir Prometheus.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f blackbox-exporter.yaml

Cinntigh go bhfuil gach seirbhís ag rith ag baint úsáide as an ordú seo a leanas:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring get all --selector=app=prometheus-blackbox-exporter

Seiceáil bosca dubh

Is féidir leat rochtain a fháil ar chomhéadan gréasáin easpórtála Blackbox ag baint úsáide as port-forward:

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-blackbox-exporter 9115:9115

Ceangail le comhéadan gréasáin easpórtála Blackbox trí bhrabhsálaí gréasáin ag localhost: 9115.

Má théann tú chuig an seoladh http://localhost:9115/probe?module=http_2xx&target=https://www.google.com, feicfidh tú an toradh ar sheiceáil an URL sonraithe (https://www.google.com).

Luach méadrach probe_success comhionann le 1 ciallaíonn seic rathúil. Léiríonn luach 0 earráid.

Prometheus a bhunú

Tar éis an t-onnmhaireoir BlackBox a imscaradh, déanaimid Prometheus a chumrú isteach prometheus-additional.yaml.

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  scrape_interval: 1w
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [http_2xx]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://www.google.com
      - http://www.example.com
      - https://prometheus.io
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Gineann muid Secretag baint úsáide as an ordú seo a leanas.

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Cuirimid in iúl additional-scrape-configs le haghaidh Oibreoir Prometheus ag baint úsáide as additionalScrapeConfigs.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheuses k8s
...
spec:
  additionalScrapeConfigs:
    key: prometheus-additional.yaml
    name: additional-scrape-configs

Téim go dtí an comhéadan gréasáin Prometheus agus seiceáil an méadracht agus spriocanna.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring port-forward svc/prometheus-k8s 9090:9090

Feicimid méadracht agus spriocanna Blackbox.

Rialacha maidir le fógraí a chur leis (foláireamh)

Chun fógraí a fháil ón easpórtálaí Blackbox, cuirfimid rialacha leis an Oibritheoir Prometheus.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: blackbox-exporter
    rules:
    - alert: ProbeFailed
      expr: probe_success == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "Probe failed (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Probe failedn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowProbe
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow probe (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox probe took more than 1s to completen  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpStatusCode
      expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP Status Code (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP status code is not 200-399n  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateWillExpireSoon
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate will expire soon (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate expires in 30 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SslCertificateHasExpired
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()  <= 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: error
      annotations:
        summary: "SSL certificate has expired (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "SSL certificate has expired alreadyn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: HttpSlowRequests
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_http_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "HTTP slow requests (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "HTTP request took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"
    - alert: SlowPing
      expr: avg_over_time(probe_icmp_duration_seconds[1m]) > 1
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Slow ping (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Blackbox ping took more than 1sn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

I gcomhéadan gréasáin Prometheus, téigh go dtí Status => Rialacha agus aimsigh na rialacha foláirimh maidir le blackbox-onnmhaireoir.

Ag cumrú Fógraí Éaga Teastas SSL Freastalaí API Kubernetes

Déanaimis monatóireacht ar dhul in éag deimhniú Kubernetes API Server SSL a chumrú. Seolfaidh sé fógraí uair sa tseachtain.

Ag cur modúl easpórtála Blackbox le haghaidh Fíordheimhniú Freastalaí Kubernetes API.

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit configmap prometheus-blackbox-exporter
...
      kube-api:
        http:
          method: GET
          no_follow_redirects: false
          preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
          tls_config:
            insecure_skip_verify: false
            ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
          bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
          valid_http_versions:
          - HTTP/1.1
          - HTTP/2
          valid_status_codes: []
        prober: http
        timeout: 5s

Cumraíocht scrape Prometheus á chur leis

- job_name: 'kube-api-blackbox'
  metrics_path: /probe
  params:
    module: [kube-api]
  static_configs:
   - targets:
      - https://kubernetes.default.svc/api
  relabel_configs:
   - source_labels: [__address__]
     target_label: __param_target
   - source_labels: [__param_target]
     target_label: instance
   - target_label: __address__
     replacement: prometheus-blackbox-exporter:9115 # The blackbox exporter.

Rúnda Prometheus ag baint úsáide as

PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG=$(cat prometheus-additional.yaml | base64)
cat << EOF | kubectl --namespace=monitoring apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: additional-scrape-configs
type: Opaque
data:
  prometheus-additional.yaml: $PROMETHEUS_ADD_CONFIG
EOF

Rialacha foláirimh a chur leis

kubectl --namespace=monitoring edit prometheusrules prometheus-k8s-rules
...
  - name: k8s-api-server-cert-expiry
    rules:
    - alert: K8sAPIServerSSLCertExpiringAfterThreeMonths
      expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry{job="kube-api-blackbox"} - time() < 86400 * 90 
      for: 1w
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate will expire after three months (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
        description: "Kubernetes API Server SSL certificate expires in 90 daysn  VALUE = {{ $value }}n  LABELS: {{ $labels }}"

naisc úsáideacha

Monatóireacht agus logáil isteach Docker

Foinse: will.com