Tha iad ag ràdh gur e am facal-faire as fheàrr am fear nach fheum thu cuimhneachadh. A thaobh MySQL tha seo comasach le taing don plugan agus an dreach aige airson MariaDB - .
Chan eil an dà plugan seo ùr idir; chaidh tòrr a ràdh mun deidhinn san aon bhlog seo, mar eisimpleir san artaigil mu dheidhinn . Ach, fhad ‘s a bha mi a’ coimhead a-steach do na tha ùr ann am MariaDB 10.4, fhuair mi a-mach gu bheil unix_socket a-nis air a chuir a-steach gu bunaiteach agus gur e aon de na dòighean dearbhaidh (“aon de”, oir ann am MariaDB 10.4 tha barrachd air aon plugan ri fhaighinn le aon neach-cleachdaidh airson dearbhadh, a tha air a mhìneachadh anns an sgrìobhainn ).
Mar a thuirt mi, chan e naidheachd a tha seo, agus nuair a bhios tu a ’stàladh MySQL a’ cleachdadh na pasganan .deb le taic bhon sgioba Debian, thèid cleachdaiche freumh a chruthachadh airson dearbhadh socaid. Tha seo fìor airson an dà chuid MySQL agus MariaDB.
root@app:~# apt-cache show mysql-server-5.7 | grep -i maintainers
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian MySQL Maintainers <<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>>Le pasganan Debian airson MySQL, tha an neach-cleachdaidh freumha air a dhearbhadh mar a leanas:
root@app:~# whoami
root=
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.27-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user = 'root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)Tha an aon rud fìor leis a’ phacaid .deb airson MariaDB:
10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'%' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)Bidh na pasganan .deb bho stòras oifigeil Percona cuideachd a 'rèiteachadh dearbhadh cleachdaiche bunaiteach fo auth-socket agus airson Percona Server. Bheir sinn eisimpleir le agus Ubuntu 16.04:
root@app:~# whoami
root
root@app:~# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release '7', Revision '613e312'
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='root';
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| root | localhost | auth_socket | |
+------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Mar sin dè an draoidheachd a th’ ann? Bidh am plugan a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil an cleachdaiche Linux a’ maidseadh an neach-cleachdaidh MySQL a’ cleachdadh an roghainn socaid SO_PEERCRED gus fiosrachadh a chruinneachadh mun neach-cleachdaidh a tha a’ ruith a’ phrògram teachdaiche. Mar sin, chan urrainnear am plugan a chleachdadh ach air siostaman a bheir taic don roghainn SO_PEERCRED, leithid Linux. Leigidh an roghainn socaid SO_PEERCRED leat faighinn a-mach uid a’ phròiseis co-cheangailte ris an t-socaid. Agus an uairsin tha e mu thràth a’ faighinn an t-ainm-cleachdaidh co-cheangailte ris an uid seo.
Seo eisimpleir leis a’ chleachdaiche “vagrant”:
vagrant@mysql1:~$ whoami
vagrant
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'vagrant'@'localhost'Leis nach eil neach-cleachdaidh “vagrant” ann am MySQL, tha ruigsinneachd air a dhiùltadh dhuinn. Cruthaichidh sinn a leithid de chleachdaiche agus feuch ris a-rithist:
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
vagrant@mysql1:~$ mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 45
Server version: 10.0.38-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Ubuntu 16.04
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for vagrant@localhost |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'vagrant'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED VIA unix_socket |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Thachair!
Uill, dè mu dheidhinn cuairteachadh neo-Debian far nach eil seo air a thoirt seachad gu bunaiteach? Feuch sinn Percona Server airson MySQL 8 air a chuir a-steach air CentOS 7:
mysql> show variables like '%version%comment';
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
| version_comment | Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312 |
+-----------------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'auth_socket' is not loadedBummer. Dè bha a dhìth? Plugin gun luchdachadh:
mysql> pager grep socket
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
mysql> show plugins;
47 rows in set (0.00 sec)Nach cuir sinn plugan ris a’ phròiseas:
mysql> nopager
PAGER set to stdout
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN auth_socket SONAME 'auth_socket.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> pager grep socket; show plugins;
PAGER set to 'grep socket'
| auth_socket | ACTIVE | AUTHENTICATION | auth_socket.so | GPL |
48 rows in set (0.00 sec)A-nis tha a h-uile dad a tha a dhìth oirnn. Feuch sinn a-rithist:
mysql> CREATE USER 'percona'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH auth_socket;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'percona'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Faodaidh tu a-nis logadh a-steach leis an ainm-cleachdaidh “percona”.
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ whoami
percona
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ mysql -upercona
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 19
Server version: 8.0.16-7 Percona Server (GPL), Release 7, Revision 613e312
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from mysql.user where user ='percona';
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| user | host | plugin | authentication_string |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
| percona | localhost | auth_socket | |
+---------+-----------+-------------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Agus dh'obraich e a-rithist!
Ceist: am bi e comasach logadh a-steach don t-siostam fon aon logadh a-steach percona, ach mar neach-cleachdaidh eile?
[percona@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]$ logout
[root@ip-192-168-1-111 ~]# mysql -upercona
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'percona'@'localhost'Chan e, chan obraich e.
co-dhùnadh
Tha MySQL gu math sùbailte ann an grunn thaobhan, agus is e aon dhiubh an dòigh dearbhaidh. Mar a chì thu bhon phost seo, gheibhear ruigsinneachd às aonais faclan-faire, stèidhichte air luchd-cleachdaidh OS. Faodaidh seo a bhith feumail ann an cuid de shuidheachaidhean, agus tha aon dhiubh nuair a bhios tu a’ gluasad bho RDS/Aurora gu MySQL gu cunbhalach a’ cleachdadh gus faighinn a-steach fhathast, ach às aonais faclan-faire.
Source: www.habr.com