🥇 A’ cumail sùil air coileanadh ceist PostgreSQL. Pàirt 1 - Aithris

Einnseanair - eadar-theangachadh bhon Laideann - air a bhrosnachadh.
Faodaidh innleadair rud sam bith a dhèanamh. (c) R. Diesel.
Epigraphs.

No sgeulachd mu carson a dh'fheumas rianadair stòr-dàta cuimhneachadh air na prògraman a dh'fhalbh.

Facal-toisich

Tha na h-ainmean uile air an atharrachadh. Tha matches air thuaiream. Chan eil anns an stuth ach beachd pearsanta an ùghdair.

Àicheadh barantasan: anns an t-sreath artaigilean dealbhaichte cha bhi tuairisgeul mionaideach agus ceart air na clàran agus na sgriobtaichean a chaidh a chleachdadh. Chan urrainnear stuthan a chleachdadh sa bhad “AS IS”.
An toiseach, mar thoradh air an ìre mhòr de stuth,
san dàrna àite, air sgàth cho geur sa tha bunait toraidh fìor neach-ceannach.
Mar sin, cha tèid ach beachdan agus tuairisgeulan anns an fhoirm as fharsainge a thoirt seachad anns na h-artaigilean.
Is dòcha san àm ri teachd gum fàs an siostam chun ìre postachd air GitHub, no is dòcha nach bi. Nochdaidh ùine.

Toiseach na sgeòil -A bheil cuimhne agad mar a thòisich e uile".
Dè thachair mar thoradh air, anns na teirmean as fharsainge - "Synthesis mar aon de na dòighean gus coileanadh PostgreSQL a leasachadh»

Carson a tha feum agam air seo uile?

Uill, an toiseach, gus nach dìochuimhnich thu thu fhèin, a 'cuimhneachadh air na làithean glòrmhor ann an cluaineas.
San dàrna h-àite, siostamachadh a dhèanamh air na chaidh a sgrìobhadh. Airson mi-fhìn mar-thà, uaireannan bidh mi a 'tòiseachadh a' faighinn troimhe-chèile agus a 'dìochuimhneachadh pàirtean fa leth.

Uill, agus as cudromaiche - gu h-obann faodaidh e a bhith feumail do chuideigin agus cuideachadh gun a bhith ag ath-thòiseachadh a 'chuibhle agus gun a bhith a' cruinneachadh ràcan. Ann am faclan eile, leasaich do karma (chan e Khabrovsky). Airson an rud as luachmhoire san t-saoghal seo tha beachdan. Is e am prìomh rud beachd a lorg. Agus tha e mar-thà na chùis theicnigeach a-mhàin gus am beachd eadar-theangachadh gu fìrinn.

Mar sin tòisichidh sinn gu slaodach ...

Aithris mun duilgheadas.

Ri fhaighinn:

PostgreSQL (10.5), luchd measgaichte (OLTP + DSS), luchd meadhanach gu aotrom, air aoigheachd ann an sgòth AWS.
Chan eil sgrùdadh stòr-dàta ann, tha sgrùdadh bun-structair air a thaisbeanadh mar innealan àbhaisteach AWS ann an glè bheag de rèiteachadh.

Riatanach:

Cumail sùil air coileanadh agus inbhe an stòr-dàta, lorg agus biodh fiosrachadh tùsail agad gus an fheum as fheàrr a dhèanamh de cheistean stòr-dàta trom.

Ro-ràdh goirid no mion-sgrùdadh air fuasglaidhean

An toiseach, feuchaidh sinn ri mion-sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air na roghainnean airson fuasgladh fhaighinn air an duilgheadas bho shealladh mion-sgrùdadh coimeasach air na buannachdan agus na duilgheadasan don innleadair, agus leig leis an fheadhainn a tha còir a bhith air liosta an luchd-obrach dèiligeadh ris na buannachdan agus na call. de riaghladh.

Roghainn 1 - "Ag obair air iarrtas"

Bidh sinn a 'fàgail a h-uile càil mar a tha e. Mura h-eil an neach-ceannach riaraichte le rudeigin ann an slàinte, coileanadh an stòr-dàta no an tagradh, cuiridh e fios gu innleadairean DBA air post-d no le bhith a ’cruthachadh tachartas anns a’ bhogsa tiogaid.
Tuigidh innleadair, an dèidh fios fhaighinn, an duilgheadas, bheir e seachad fuasgladh, no cuiridh e stad air an duilgheadas, an dòchas gum fuasgladh a h-uile dad e fhèin, agus co-dhiù, thèid a h-uile càil a dhìochuimhneachadh a dh'aithghearr.
Gingerbread agus donuts, bruis agus cnapanAran ginger agus donuts:
1. Chan eil dad a bharrachd ri dhèanamh
2. Tha an-còmhnaidh cothrom ann faighinn a-mach agus a dhol salach.
3. Tòrr ùine as urrainn dhut a chaitheamh leat fhèin.
Bruisean is cnapan:
1. Nas luaithe no nas fhaide air adhart, smaoinichidh an neach-ceannach air brìgh a bhith agus ceartas uile-choitcheann anns an t-saoghal seo agus cuiridh e a’ cheist air fhèin a-rithist - carson a tha mi a ’pàigheadh mo chuid airgid dhaibh? Tha an toradh an-còmhnaidh mar a tha e - is e an aon cheist nuair a bhios an neach-ceannach sgìth agus a ’leigeil soraidh slàn. Agus tha am biadhadh falamh. Tha e brònach.
2. Tha leasachadh innleadair neoni.
3. Duilgheadasan ann a bhith a 'clàradh obair agus a' luchdachadh

Roghainn 2 - "Dannsa le tambourines, cuir ort agus cuir ort brògan"

Paragraf 1-Carson a tha feum againn air siostam sgrùdaidh, gheibh sinn a h-uile iarrtas. Bidh sinn a’ cur air bhog dòrlach de gach seòrsa ceist chun fhaclair dàta agus seallaidhean fiùghantach, a’ tionndadh air gach seòrsa cunntais, a’ toirt a h-uile càil a-steach do bhùird, a’ dèanamh sgrùdadh bho àm gu àm air liostaichean agus clàran, mar gum biodh. Mar thoradh air an sin, tha grafaichean, clàran, aithisgean brèagha againn no nach eil. Tha a 'phrìomh rud - bhiodh sin barrachd, barrachd.
Paragraf 2-Generate gnìomhachd-ruith mion-sgrùdadh a h-uile seo.
Paragraf 3-Tha sinn ag ullachadh sgrìobhainn sònraichte, tha sinn a 'gairm an sgrìobhainn seo, gu sìmplidh - "ciamar a bhios sinn ag uidheamachadh an stòr-dàta."
Paragraf 4- Tha an neach-ceannach, a 'faicinn a h-uile bòidhchead seo de ghrafaichean agus de fhigearan, ann am misneachd naive leanabh - a-nis obraichidh a h-uile dad dhuinn, a dh'aithghearr. Agus, gu furasta agus gun phian a bhith an sàs anns na goireasan ionmhais aca. Tha an luchd-stiùiridh cuideachd cinnteach gu bheil na h-innleadairean againn ag obair gu cruaidh. Max a’ luchdachadh.
Paragraf 5- Dèan a-rithist ceum 1 gu cunbhalach.
Gingerbread agus donuts, bruis agus cnapanAran ginger agus donuts:
1. Tha beatha mhanaidsearan agus innleadairean sìmplidh, ro-innseach agus làn de ghnìomhachd. Tha a h-uile dad beò, tha a h-uile duine trang.
2. Chan eil beatha an neach-ceannach dona cuideachd - tha e an-còmhnaidh cinnteach gum feum thu a bhith foighidneach beagan agus obraichidh a h-uile dad a-mach. Chan eil e a 'fàs nas fheàrr, uill, gu math - tha an saoghal seo mì-chothromach, anns an ath bheatha - bidh thu fortanach.
Bruisean is cnapan:
1. Nas luaithe no nas fhaide air adhart, bidh solaraiche nas buige de sheirbheis coltach ris a nì an aon rud, ach beagan nas saoire. Agus ma tha an toradh mar an ceudna, carson a phàigheas tu barrachd. A bheir a-rithist gu bhith a 'dol à bith am biadhadh.
2. Tha e dòrainneach. Dè cho dòrainneach gnìomhachd beag brìoghmhor.
3. Mar anns an dreach roimhe - gun leasachadh. Ach airson innleadair, is e an rud as lugha, eu-coltach ris a’ chiad roghainn, an seo feumaidh tu IDB a ghineadh gu cunbhalach. Agus bheir sin ùine. A dh'fhaodar a chaitheamh airson buannachd do ghràdhaich. Oir chan urrainn dhut a bhith faiceallach leat fhèin, tha cùram aig a h-uile duine mu do dheidhinn.

Roghainn 3 - Chan eil feum air baidhsagal a chruthachadh, feumaidh tu a cheannach agus a rothaireachd.

Bidh innleadairean bho chompanaidhean eile ag ithe piotsa le lionn (oh, amannan glòrmhor St Petersburg anns na 90n). Cleachdaidh sinn siostaman sgrùdaidh a tha air an dèanamh, air an dì-bhugachadh agus ag obair, agus san fharsaingeachd, bheir iad buannachdan (gu math, co-dhiù don luchd-cruthachaidh).
Gingerbread agus donuts, bruis agus cnapanAran ginger agus donuts:
1. Chan eil feum air ùine a chaitheamh a 'dealbhadh na tha air a chruthachadh mar-thà. Gabh agus cleachd.
2. Chan eil siostaman sgrùdaidh air an sgrìobhadh le amadan, agus gu dearbh tha iad feumail.
3. Mar as trice bidh siostaman sgrùdaidh obrach a’ toirt seachad fiosrachadh sìolaidh feumail.
Bruisean is cnapan:
1. Chan e innleadair a th 'anns an innleadair sa chùis seo, ach dìreach neach-cleachdaidh toradh cuideigin eile No neach-cleachdaidh.
2. Feumaidh an neach-cleachdaidh a bhith cinnteach gu bheil feum air rudeigin a cheannach nach eil e ag iarraidh a thuigsinn san fharsaingeachd, agus cha bu chòir dha, agus san fharsaingeachd tha am buidseat airson na bliadhna air aontachadh agus nach atharraich e. An uairsin feumaidh tu goireas air leth a riarachadh, a rèiteachadh airson siostam sònraichte. An fheadhainn sin. An toiseach feumaidh tu pàigheadh, pàigheadh agus pàigheadh a-rithist. Agus tha an neach-ceannach sgoinneil. Is e seo àbhaisteach na beatha seo.

Dè a nì thu, Chernyshevsky? Tha do cheist gu math iomchaidh. (Le)

Anns a 'chùis shònraichte seo agus an suidheachadh làithreach, faodaidh tu beagan eadar-dhealaichte a dhèanamh - dèanamaid ar siostam sgrùdaidh fhèin.

Uill, chan e siostam, gu dearbh, ann an làn mhothachadh an fhacail, tha seo ro àrd agus amharasach, ach co-dhiù dòigh air choireigin ga dhèanamh nas fhasa dhut fhèin agus barrachd fiosrachaidh a chruinneachadh gus tachartasan coileanaidh fhuasgladh. Gus nach lorg thu thu fhèin ann an suidheachadh - "rach ann, chan eil fhios agam càite, lorg sin, chan eil fios agam dè."

Dè na buannachdan agus na h-eas-bhuannachdan a tha aig an roghainn seo:

Pros:
1. Tha e inntinneach. Uill, co-dhiù nas inntinniche na an “shrink datafile, alter tablespace, msaa."
2. Is iad seo sgilean ùra agus leasachadh ùr. Dè san àm ri teachd, nas luaithe no nas fhaide air adhart, a bheir aran ginger agus donuts airidh air.
Cons:
1. Feumaidh obair. Obraich tòrr.
2. Feumaidh tu mìneachadh cunbhalach a dhèanamh air brìgh agus seallaidhean gach gnìomh.
3. Bidh rudeigin ri ìobairt, oir tha an aon ghoireas a tha ri fhaotainn don innleadair - ùine - cuingealaichte leis a 'Chruinne-cè.
4. An fheadhainn as miosa agus as mì-thlachdmhor - mar thoradh air an sin, faodaidh sgudal mar "Chan e luchag, chan e losgann, ach beathach beag neo-aithnichte" a thighinn a-mach.

Chan eil an neach nach eil an cunnart rudeigin ag òl champagne.
Mar sin, tha an spòrs a 'tòiseachadh.

Beachd coitcheann - sgeamach

(Dealbh air a thoirt bhon artaigil «Synthesis mar aon de na dòighean gus coileanadh PostgreSQL a leasachadh")

Mìneachadh:

Tha an stòr-dàta targaid air a chuir a-steach leis an leudachadh àbhaisteach PostgreSQL “pg_stat_statements”.
Anns an stòr-dàta sgrùdaidh, bidh sinn a’ cruthachadh seata de chlàran seirbheis gus an eachdraidh pg_stat_statements a stòradh aig a’ chiad ìre agus gus metrics agus sgrùdadh a rèiteachadh san àm ri teachd
Air an aoigh sgrùdaidh, bidh sinn a’ cruthachadh seata de sgriobtaichean bash, a’ toirt a-steach an fheadhainn airson tachartasan a ghineadh ann an siostam nan tiogaidean.

Clàran seirbheis

An toiseach, ERD air a dhèanamh nas sìmplidhe le sgeama, na thachair aig a’ cheann thall:

Tuairisgeul goirid air na clàranaig an deireadh - aoigheachd, puing ceangail ris an eisimpleir
stòr-dàta - roghainnean stòr-dàta
pg_stat_eachdraidh - clàr eachdraidheil airson dealbhan sealach a stòradh de shealladh pg_stat_statements den stòr-dàta targaid
meatrach_gluais - Faclair tomhasan coileanaidh
meatrach_config - rèiteachadh slatan-tomhais fa leth
meatair - meatrach sònraichte airson an iarrtas a thathar a’ cumail sùil
meatrach_alert_eachdraidh - eachdraidh rabhaidhean coileanaidh
log_query - clàr seirbheis airson clàran parsed a stòradh bhon fhaidhle log PostgreSQL a chaidh a luchdachadh sìos bho AWS
bun-loidhne - crìochan na h-ùine a chaidh a chleachdadh mar bhunait
àite-seicidh - rèiteachadh mheatairean airson sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air inbhe an stòr-dàta
checkpoint_alert_eachdraidh - eachdraidh rabhaidh mu mheatairean sgrùdaidh inbhe stòr-dàta
pg_stat_db_ceistean - clàr seirbheis de dh'iarrtasan gnìomhach
log gnìomhachd_ - clàr seirbheis log gnìomhachd
trap_oid - clàr seirbheis rèiteachaidh ribe

Ìre 1 - cruinnich staitistig dèanadais agus faigh aithisgean

Tha clàr air a chleachdadh airson fiosrachadh staitistigeil a stòradh. pg_stat_eachdraidh
pg_stat_eachdraidh structar clàr

                                          Clàr "public.pg_stat_history" Colbh | seòrsa | Mion-atharraichean -------------------+------------------- --+--- ------------------------------ id | iomlanachd | not null default nextval ('pg_stat_history_id_seq':: regclass) snapshot_timestamp | stampa-ama gun raon-ama | stòr-dàta_id | iomlanachd | dbid | oid | cleachdaiche | oid | ceist | mòr | ceist | teacs | gairmean | mòr | iomlan_ùine | cruinneas dùbailte | min_time | cruinneas dùbailte | max_time | cruinneas dùbailte | mean_àm | cruinneas dùbailte | stddev_àm | cruinneas dùbailte | sreathan | mòr | roinnte_blks_hit | mòr | roinnte_blks_leugh | mòr | roinnte_blks_salach | mòr | roinnte_blks_written | mòr | ionadail_blks_hit | mòr | ionadail_blks_leugh | mòr | ionadail_blks_salach | mòr | ionadail_blks_written | mòr | temp_blks_leugh | mòr | temp_blks_written | mòr | blk_read_time | cruinneas dùbailte | blk_write_time | cruinneas dùbailte | bun-loidhne_id | iomlanachd | Clàr-amais: "pg_stat_history_pkey" PRÌOMH PRÌOMHACHAS, btree (id) "database_idx" btree (database_id) "queryid_idx" btree (queryid) "snapshot_timestamp_idx" btree (snapshot_timestamp) Cuingeachaidhean iuchair cèin: "stòr-dàta" KFERE_id_idx" btree (queryid) ) AIR COMH-CHOMUNN RIS A' MHAC SHLAINTE

Mar a chì thu, chan eil anns a’ chlàr ach dàta sealladh tionalach pg_stat_aithrisean anns an stòr-dàta targaid.

Tha cleachdadh a 'bhùird seo gu math sìmplidh.

pg_stat_eachdraidh riochdachadh na staitistig cruinnichte mu choileanadh ceiste airson gach uair a thìde. Aig toiseach gach uair a thìde, an dèidh a 'lìonadh a' chlàr, staitistig pg_stat_aithrisean ath-shuidheachadh le pg_stat_statements_reset().
Note: tha staitistig air a chruinneachadh airson iarrtasan le ùine nas fhaide na 1 diog.
A' lìonadh a' chlàr pg_stat_history

--pg_stat_history.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_stat_history( ) RETURNS boolean AS $$
DECLARE
  endpoint_rec record ;
  database_rec record ;
  pg_stat_snapshot record ;
  current_snapshot_timestamp timestamp without time zone;
BEGIN
  current_snapshot_timestamp = date_trunc('minute',now());  
  
  FOR endpoint_rec IN SELECT * FROM endpoint 
  LOOP
    FOR database_rec IN SELECT * FROM database WHERE endpoint_id = endpoint_rec.id 
	  LOOP
	    
		RAISE NOTICE 'NEW SHAPSHOT IS CREATING';
		
		--Connect to the target DB	  
	    EXECUTE 'SELECT dblink_connect(''LINK1'',''host='||endpoint_rec.host||' dbname='||database_rec.name||' user=USER password=PASSWORD '')';
 
        RAISE NOTICE 'host % and dbname % ',endpoint_rec.host,database_rec.name;
		RAISE NOTICE 'Creating snapshot of pg_stat_statements for database %',database_rec.name;
		
		SELECT 
	      *
		INTO 
		  pg_stat_snapshot
	    FROM dblink('LINK1',
	      'SELECT 
	       dbid , SUM(calls),SUM(total_time),SUM(rows) ,SUM(shared_blks_hit) ,SUM(shared_blks_read) ,SUM(shared_blks_dirtied) ,SUM(shared_blks_written) , 
           SUM(local_blks_hit) , SUM(local_blks_read) , SUM(local_blks_dirtied) , SUM(local_blks_written) , SUM(temp_blks_read) , SUM(temp_blks_written) , SUM(blk_read_time) , SUM(blk_write_time)
	       FROM pg_stat_statements WHERE dbid=(SELECT oid from pg_database where datname=current_database() ) 
		   GROUP BY dbid
  	      '
	               )
	      AS t
	       ( dbid oid , calls bigint , 
  	         total_time double precision , 
	         rows bigint , shared_blks_hit bigint , shared_blks_read bigint ,shared_blks_dirtied bigint ,shared_blks_written	 bigint ,
             local_blks_hit	 bigint ,local_blks_read bigint , local_blks_dirtied bigint ,local_blks_written bigint ,
             temp_blks_read	 bigint ,temp_blks_written bigint ,
             blk_read_time double precision , blk_write_time double precision	  
	       );
		 
		INSERT INTO pg_stat_history
          ( 
		    snapshot_timestamp  ,database_id  ,
			dbid , calls  ,total_time ,
            rows ,shared_blks_hit  ,shared_blks_read  ,shared_blks_dirtied  ,shared_blks_written ,local_blks_hit , 	 	
            local_blks_read,local_blks_dirtied,local_blks_written,temp_blks_read,temp_blks_written, 	
            blk_read_time, blk_write_time 
		  )		  
	    VALUES
	      (
	       current_snapshot_timestamp ,
		   database_rec.id ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.dbid ,pg_stat_snapshot.calls,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.total_time,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.rows ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_hit ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_read ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_dirtied ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_written , 
           pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_hit , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_dirtied , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_written , 
	       pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_written , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_read_time , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_write_time 	   
	      );		   
		  
        RAISE NOTICE 'Creating snapshot of pg_stat_statements for queries with min_time more than 1000ms';
	
        FOR pg_stat_snapshot IN
          --All queries with max_time greater than 1000 ms
	      SELECT 
	        *
	      FROM dblink('LINK1',
	        'SELECT 
	         dbid , userid ,queryid,query,calls,total_time,min_time ,max_time,mean_time, stddev_time ,rows ,shared_blks_hit ,
			 shared_blks_read ,shared_blks_dirtied ,shared_blks_written , 
             local_blks_hit , local_blks_read , local_blks_dirtied , 
			 local_blks_written , temp_blks_read , temp_blks_written , blk_read_time , 
			 blk_write_time
	         FROM pg_stat_statements 
			 WHERE dbid=(SELECT oid from pg_database where datname=current_database() AND min_time >= 1000 ) 
  	        '

	                  )
	        AS t
	         ( dbid oid , userid oid , queryid bigint ,query text , calls bigint , 
  	           total_time double precision ,min_time double precision	 ,max_time double precision	 , mean_time double precision	 ,  stddev_time double precision	 , 
	           rows bigint , shared_blks_hit bigint , shared_blks_read bigint ,shared_blks_dirtied bigint ,shared_blks_written	 bigint ,
               local_blks_hit	 bigint ,local_blks_read bigint , local_blks_dirtied bigint ,local_blks_written bigint ,
               temp_blks_read	 bigint ,temp_blks_written bigint ,
               blk_read_time double precision , blk_write_time double precision	  
	         )
	    LOOP
		  INSERT INTO pg_stat_history
          ( 
		    snapshot_timestamp  ,database_id  ,
			dbid ,userid  , queryid  , query  , calls  ,total_time ,min_time ,max_time ,mean_time ,stddev_time ,
            rows ,shared_blks_hit  ,shared_blks_read  ,shared_blks_dirtied  ,shared_blks_written ,local_blks_hit , 	 	
            local_blks_read,local_blks_dirtied,local_blks_written,temp_blks_read,temp_blks_written, 	
            blk_read_time, blk_write_time 
		  )		  
	      VALUES
	      (
	       current_snapshot_timestamp ,
		   database_rec.id ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.dbid ,pg_stat_snapshot.userid ,pg_stat_snapshot.queryid,pg_stat_snapshot.query,pg_stat_snapshot.calls,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.total_time,pg_stat_snapshot.min_time ,pg_stat_snapshot.max_time,pg_stat_snapshot.mean_time, pg_stat_snapshot.stddev_time ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.rows ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_hit ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_read ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_dirtied ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_written , 
           pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_hit , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_dirtied , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_written , 
	       pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_written , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_read_time , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_write_time 	   
	      );
		  
        END LOOP;

        PERFORM dblink_disconnect('LINK1');  
				
	  END LOOP ;--FOR database_rec IN SELECT * FROM database WHERE endpoint_id = endpoint_rec.id 
    
  END LOOP;

RETURN TRUE;  
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Mar thoradh air an sin, an dèidh ùine shònraichte anns a 'chlàr pg_stat_eachdraidh bidh seata de dhealbhan againn de shusbaint a’ bhùird pg_stat_aithrisean stòr-dàta targaid.

Dìreach aithris

A 'cleachdadh cheistean sìmplidh, gheibh thu aithisgean gu math feumail agus inntinneach.

Dàta cruinnichte airson ùine shònraichte

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  database_id , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,SUM(total_time)  AS total_time ,
  SUM(rows) AS rows , SUM(shared_blks_hit)  AS shared_blks_hit,
  SUM(shared_blks_read) AS shared_blks_read ,
  SUM(shared_blks_dirtied) AS shared_blks_dirtied,
  SUM(shared_blks_written) AS shared_blks_written , 
  SUM(local_blks_hit) AS local_blks_hit , 
  SUM(local_blks_read) AS local_blks_read , 
  SUM(local_blks_dirtied) AS local_blks_dirtied , 
  SUM(local_blks_written)  AS local_blks_written,
  SUM(temp_blks_read) AS temp_blks_read, 
  SUM(temp_blks_written) temp_blks_written , 
  SUM(blk_read_time) AS blk_read_time , 
  SUM(blk_write_time) AS blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY database_id ;

Am D.B

to_char (eadar-ama '1 millisecond' * pg_total_stat_history_rec.total_time, 'HH24: MI: SS.MS')

I/O Uair

to_char (eadar-ama '1 millisecond' * ( pg_total_stat_history_rec.blk_read_time + pg_total_stat_history_rec.blk_write_time ), 'HH24: MI: SS.MS')

TOP10 SQL a rèir total_time

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,
  SUM(total_time)  AS total_time  	
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT 
GROUP BY queryid 
ORDER BY 3 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL A RÈIR AN TIOMNA GNÌOMHACHADH IOMLAN | #| ceist | glaodhan | gairmean %| iomlan_time (ms) | dbtime % +----+----------+----------+---------+----- --------------------+---------- | 1| 821760255| 2| .00001|00:03:23.141(203141.681 ms.) | 5.42 | 2| 4152624390| 2| .00001|00:03:13.929(193929.215 ms.) | 5.17 | 3| 1484454471| 4| .00001|00:02:09.129(129129.057 ms.)| 3.44 | 4| 655729273| 1| .00000|00:02:01.869(121869.981 ms.) | 3.25 | 5| 2460318461| 1| .00000|00:01:33.113( 93113.835 ms.) | 2.48 | 6| 2194493487| 4| .00001|00:00:17.377(17377.868 ms.) | .46 | 7| 1053044345| 1| .00000|00:00:06.156(6156.352 ms.) | .16 | 8| 3644780286| 1| .00000|00:00:01.063(1063.830 ms.) | .03

TOP10 SQL a rèir ùine I/O iomlan

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,
  SUM(blk_read_time + blk_write_time)  AS io_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY  queryid 
ORDER BY 3 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL A rèir I/O TIME | #| ceist | glaodhan | gairmean %| Ùine I/O (ms)|db ùine I/O % +----+----------+---------+----- -----+-------------------------------+----------- -- | 1| 4152624390| 2| .00001|00:08:31.616(511616.592 ms.)| 31.06 an t-Ògmhios | 2| 821760255| 2| .00001|00:08:27.099(507099.036 ms.)| 30.78 | 3| 655729273| 1| .00000|00:05:02.209(302209.137 ms.) | 18.35 | 4| 2460318461| 1| .00000|00:04:05.981(245981.117 ms.) | 14.93 | 5| 1484454471| 4| .00001|00:00:39.144(39144.221 ms.) | 2.38 | 6| 2194493487| 4| .00001|00:00:18.182(18182.816 ms.)| 1.10 | 7| 1053044345| 1| .00000|00:00:16.611(16611.722 ms.) | 1.01 | 8| 3644780286| 1| .00000|00:00:00.436( 436.205 ms.) | .03

TOP10 SQL ron àm cur gu bàs as motha

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  id AS snapshotid , 
  queryid , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,  
  max_time 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
ORDER BY 4 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL A BHITH A' MHÒR TIME Cur an gnìomh | #| dealbh | snapshotID| ceist | max_time (ms) + ---- + ----------------- + ---------- + ------- --+-------------------------------------- | 1| 05.04.2019/01/03 4169:655729273| 00| 02| 01.869:121869.981:2( 04.04.2019 ms.) | 17| 00/4153/821760255 00:01| 41.570| 101570.841| 3:04.04.2019:16( 00 ms.) | 4146| 821760255/00/01 41.570:101570.841| 4| 04.04.2019| 16:00:4144( 4152624390 ms.) | 00| 01/36.964/96964.607 5:04.04.2019| 17| 00| 4151:4152624390:00( 01 ms.) | 36.964| 96964.607/6/05.04.2019 10:00| 4188| 1484454471| 00:01:33.452( 93452.150 ms.) | 7| 04.04.2019/17/00 4150:2460318461 | 00| 01| 33.113:93113.835:8( 04.04.2019 ms.) | 15| 00/4140/1484454471 00:00| 11.892 | 11892.302| 9:04.04.2019:16( 00 ms.) | 4145| 1484454471/00/00 11.892:11892.302| 10| 04.04.2019| 17:00:4152( 1484454471 ms.) | 00| 00/11.892/11892.302 XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.) | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX(XNUMX ms.)

TOP10 SQL le bufair SHARED leughadh/sgrìobhadh

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  id AS snapshotid , 
  queryid ,
  snapshot_timestamp , 
  shared_blks_read , 
  shared_blks_written 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND
  ( shared_blks_read > 0 OR shared_blks_written > 0 )
ORDER BY 4 DESC  , 5 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL AIRSON BUFFER CO-roinnte LÀRAICH / SGRÌOBH | #| dealbh | snapshotID| ceist | blocaichean co-roinnte air an leughadh | sgrìobh blocaichean co-roinnte + ---- + ----------------- + ---------- + --------- -+--------------------+-------------------- | 1| 04.04.2019/17/00 4153:821760255| 797308| 0| 2| 04.04.2019 | 16| 00/4146/821760255 797308:0| 3| 05.04.2019| 01| 03 | 4169| 655729273/797158/0 4:04.04.2019| 16| 00| 4144| 4152624390 | 756514| 0/5/04.04.2019 17:00| 4151| 4152624390| 756514| 0 | 6| 04.04.2019/17/00 4150:2460318461| 734117| 0| 7| 04.04.2019 | 17| 00/4155/3644780286 52973:0| 8 | 05.04.2019| 01| 03 | 4168| 1053044345/52818/0 9:04.04.2019| 15| 00| 4141 | 2194493487 | 52813| 0/10/04.04.2019 16:00| 4147| 2194493487| 52813| 0 | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------

Histogram de chuairteachadh ceist a rèir an ùine cur gu bàs as àirde

Iarrtasan

SELECT  
  MIN(max_time) AS hist_min  , 
  MAX(max_time) AS hist_max , 
  (( MAX(max_time) - MIN(min_time) ) / hist_columns ) as hist_width
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT ;

SELECT 
  SUM(calls) AS calls
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND
  database_id =DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND 
  ( max_time >= hist_current_min AND  max_time < hist_current_max ) ;

|--------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- | MAX_TIME HISTOGRAM | Glaodhan IOMLAN: 33851920 | MIN TIME: 00:00:01.063 | MAX TIME: 00:02:01.869 --------------------------------- ------- --------------------------- | fad mionaid | fad as motha | gairmean + -------------------------------- + ------------ --------------------+---------- | 00:00:01.063( 1063.830 ms.) | 00:00:13.144( 13144.445 ms.) | 9 | 00:00:13.144( 13144.445 ms.) | 00:00:25.225( 25225.060 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:25.225( 25225.060 ms.) | 00:00:37.305( 37305.675 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:37.305( 37305.675 ms.) | 00:00:49.386( 49386.290 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:49.386( 49386.290 ms.) | 00:01:01.466( 61466.906 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:01.466( 61466.906 ms.) | 00:01:13.547( 73547.521 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:13.547( 73547.521 ms.) | 00:01:25.628(85628.136 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:25.628(85628.136 ms.) | 00:01:37.708( 97708.751 ms.) | 4 | 00:01:37.708( 97708.751 ms.) | 00:01:49.789(109789.366 ms.) | 2 | 00:01:49.789(109789.366 ms.) | 00:02:01.869( 121869.981 ms.) | 0

TOP10 Snapshots a rèir Ceist gach diog

Iarrtasan

--pg_qps.sql
--Calculate Query Per Second 
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_qps( pg_stat_history_id integer ) RETURNS double precision AS $$
DECLARE
 pg_stat_history_rec record ;
 prev_pg_stat_history_id integer ;
 prev_pg_stat_history_rec record;
 total_seconds double precision ;
 result double precision;
BEGIN 
  result = 0 ;
  
  SELECT *
  INTO pg_stat_history_rec
  FROM 
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE id = pg_stat_history_id ;

  IF pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp IS NULL 
  THEN
    RAISE EXCEPTION 'ERROR - Not found pg_stat_history for id = %',pg_stat_history_id;
  END IF ;  
  
 --RAISE NOTICE 'pg_stat_history_id = % , snapshot_timestamp = %', pg_stat_history_id , 
 pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ;
  
  SELECT 
    MAX(id)   
  INTO
    prev_pg_stat_history_id
  FROM
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE 
    database_id = pg_stat_history_rec.database_id AND
	queryid IS NULL AND
	id < pg_stat_history_rec.id ;

  IF prev_pg_stat_history_id IS NULL 
  THEN
    RAISE NOTICE 'Not found previous pg_stat_history shapshot for id = %',pg_stat_history_id;
	RETURN NULL ;
  END IF;
  
  SELECT *
  INTO prev_pg_stat_history_rec
  FROM 
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE id = prev_pg_stat_history_id ;
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'prev_pg_stat_history_id = % , prev_snapshot_timestamp = %', prev_pg_stat_history_id , prev_pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ;    

  total_seconds = extract(epoch from ( pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp - prev_pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ));
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'total_seconds = % ', total_seconds ;    
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'calls = % ', pg_stat_history_rec.calls ;      
  
  IF total_seconds > 0 
  THEN
    result = pg_stat_history_rec.calls / total_seconds ;
  ELSE
   result = 0 ; 
  END IF;
   
 RETURN result ;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


SELECT 
  id , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,
  calls , 	
  total_time , 
  ( select pg_qps( id )) AS QPS ,
  blk_read_time ,
  blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND
  ( select pg_qps( id )) IS NOT NULL 
ORDER BY 5 DESC 
LIMIT 10

|--------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- | Snapshots TOP10 air an òrdachadh a rèir àireamhan QueryPerSeconds ------------------------------------ ------ ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ | #| dealbh | snapshotID| glaodhan | ùine db iomlan | QPS | I/O àm | I/O ùine % +-----+-----------------+----------+------ ----+--------------------------------+--------- -+----------------------------------+----------- | 1| 04.04.2019/20/04 4161:5758631| 00| 06| 30.513:390513.926:1573.396(00 ms.)| 00 | 01.470:1470.110:376(2 ms.)| .04.04.2019 | 17| 00/4149/3529197 00:11| 48.830| 708830.618| 980.332:00:12(47.834 ms.) | 767834.052 | 108.324:3:04.04.2019( 16 ms.)| 00 | 4143| 3525360/00/10 13.492:613492.351| 979.267| 00| 08:41.396:521396.555( 84.988 ms.) | 4| 04.04.2019:21:03( 4163 ms.) | 2781536 | 00| 03/06.470/186470.979 785.745:00| 00| 00.249| 249.865:134:5(04.04.2019 ms.)| 19 | 03:4159:2890362( 00 ms.) | .03 | 16.784| 196784.755/776.979/00 00:01.441| 1441.386| 732| 6:04.04.2019:14(00 ms.)| 4137| 2397326:00:04(43.033 ms.) | .283033.854 | 665.924| 00/00/00.024 24.505:009 | 7| 04.04.2019| 15:00:4139( 2394416 ms.)| 00 | 04:51.435:291435.010( 665.116 ms.) | .00 | 00| 12.025/12025.895/4.126 8:04.04.2019| 13| 00| 4135:2373043:00( 04 ms.) | 26.791 | 266791.988:659.179:00( 00 ms.) | 00.064 | 64.261| 024/9/05.04.2019 01:03 | 4167| 4387191| 00:06:51.380(411380.293 ms.)| 609.332 | 00:05:18.847( 318847.407 ms.) | .77.507 | 10| 04.04.2019/18/01 4157:1145596| 00| 01 19.217| 79217.372:313.004:00( 00 ms.) | 01.319| 1319.676:1.666:XNUMX(XNUMX ms.)| XNUMX | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.) | XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.) | XNUMX

Eachdraidh cur gu bàs san uair le QueryPerSeconds agus I/O Time

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  id , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,
  calls , 	
  total_time , 
  ( select pg_qps( id )) AS QPS ,
  blk_read_time ,
  blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
ORDER BY 2

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| HOURLY EXECUTION HISTORY  WITH QueryPerSeconds and I/O Time
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| QUERY PER SECOND HISTORY
|    #|          snapshot| snapshotID|      calls|                      total dbtime|        QPS|                          I/O time| I/O time %
+-----+------------------+-----------+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------
|    1|  04.04.2019 11:00|       4131|       3747|  00:00:00.835(       835.374 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .000 ms.)|       .000
|    2|  04.04.2019 12:00|       4133|    1002722|  00:01:52.419(    112419.376 ms.)|    278.534|  00:00:00.149(       149.105 ms.)|       .133
|    3|  04.04.2019 13:00|       4135|    2373043|  00:04:26.791(    266791.988 ms.)|    659.179|  00:00:00.064(        64.261 ms.)|       .024
|    4|  04.04.2019 14:00|       4137|    2397326|  00:04:43.033(    283033.854 ms.)|    665.924|  00:00:00.024(        24.505 ms.)|       .009
|    5|  04.04.2019 15:00|       4139|    2394416|  00:04:51.435(    291435.010 ms.)|    665.116|  00:00:12.025(     12025.895 ms.)|      4.126
|    6|  04.04.2019 16:00|       4143|    3525360|  00:10:13.492(    613492.351 ms.)|    979.267|  00:08:41.396(    521396.555 ms.)|     84.988
|    7|  04.04.2019 17:00|       4149|    3529197|  00:11:48.830(    708830.618 ms.)|    980.332|  00:12:47.834(    767834.052 ms.)|    108.324
|    8|  04.04.2019 18:01|       4157|    1145596|  00:01:19.217(     79217.372 ms.)|    313.004|  00:00:01.319(      1319.676 ms.)|      1.666
|    9|  04.04.2019 19:03|       4159|    2890362|  00:03:16.784(    196784.755 ms.)|    776.979|  00:00:01.441(      1441.386 ms.)|       .732
|   10|  04.04.2019 20:04|       4161|    5758631|  00:06:30.513(    390513.926 ms.)|   1573.396|  00:00:01.470(      1470.110 ms.)|       .376
|   11|  04.04.2019 21:03|       4163|    2781536|  00:03:06.470(    186470.979 ms.)|    785.745|  00:00:00.249(       249.865 ms.)|       .134
|   12|  04.04.2019 23:03|       4165|    1443155|  00:01:34.467(     94467.539 ms.)|    200.438|  00:00:00.015(        15.287 ms.)|       .016
|   13|  05.04.2019 01:03|       4167|    4387191|  00:06:51.380(    411380.293 ms.)|    609.332|  00:05:18.847(    318847.407 ms.)|     77.507
|   14|  05.04.2019 02:03|       4171|     189852|  00:00:10.989(     10989.899 ms.)|     52.737|  00:00:00.539(       539.110 ms.)|      4.906
|   15|  05.04.2019 03:01|       4173|       3627|  00:00:00.103(       103.000 ms.)|      1.042|  00:00:00.004(         4.131 ms.)|      4.010
|   16|  05.04.2019 04:00|       4175|       3627|  00:00:00.085(        85.235 ms.)|      1.025|  00:00:00.003(         3.811 ms.)|      4.471
|   17|  05.04.2019 05:00|       4177|       3747|  00:00:00.849(       849.454 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.006(         6.124 ms.)|       .721
|   18|  05.04.2019 06:00|       4179|       3747|  00:00:00.849(       849.561 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .051 ms.)|       .006
|   19|  05.04.2019 07:00|       4181|       3747|  00:00:00.839(       839.416 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .062 ms.)|       .007
|   20|  05.04.2019 08:00|       4183|       3747|  00:00:00.846(       846.382 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .007 ms.)|       .001
|   21|  05.04.2019 09:00|       4185|       3747|  00:00:00.855(       855.426 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .065 ms.)|       .008
|   22|  05.04.2019 10:00|       4187|       3797|  00:01:40.150(    100150.165 ms.)|      1.055|  00:00:21.845(     21845.217 ms.)|     21.812

Teacs a h-uile taghadh SQL

Iarrtas

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  query 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY queryid , query

An toradh

Mar a chì thu, le dòighean gu math sìmplidh, gheibh thu tòrr fiosrachaidh feumail mun uallach obrach agus staid an stòr-dàta.

Thoir an aire:Ma shocraicheas tu an queryid anns na ceistean, gheibh sinn an eachdraidh airson iarrtas air leth (gus àite a shàbhaladh, tha aithisgean airson iarrtas air leth air an dearmad).

Mar sin, tha dàta staitistigeil mu choileanadh ceiste ri fhaighinn agus air a chruinneachadh.
Tha a 'chiad ìre "cruinneachadh dàta staitistigeil" air a chrìochnachadh.

Faodaidh tu a dhol air adhart chun dàrna ìre - “a’ rèiteachadh metrics dèanadais”.

Ach sin naidheachd eile.