Eadar-theangachadh den artaigil a chaidh ullachadh airson oileanaich cùrsa . A bheil ùidh agad ann an leasachadh a thaobh seo? Coimhead air a’ chlàradh de chraoladh prìomh chlas Ivan Piskunov
San artaigil seo, coisichidh mi thu tro na ceumannan gus frithealaiche DNS a stèidheachadh air RHEL 7 no CentOS 7. Chleachd mi Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 airson an taisbeanadh. Is e ar n-amas aon chlàr A agus aon chlàr PTR a chruthachadh airson na sònaichean sgrùdaidh air adhart agus air ais, fa leth.
An toiseach, stàlaich na pasganan rpm riatanach airson an fhrithealaiche DNS.
NOTA: Airson RHEL feumaidh tu a bhith , no faodaidh tu , leis an urrainn don mhanaidsear pacaid “yum” na pacaidean rpm agus na eisimeileachd riatanach a chuir a-steach.
# yum install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserverNa roghainnean agam:
# hostname
golinuxhub-client.example
Мой IP-адрес 192.168.1.7
# ip address | egrep 'inet.*enp0s3'
inet 192.168.1.7/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3Leis gum bi sinn a’ cleachdadh chroot, feumaidh sinn an t-seirbheis a chur à comas.
# systemctl stop named
# systemctl disable namedAn uairsin dèan lethbhreac de na faidhlichean riatanach a-steach don eòlaire chroot.
NOTA. Cleachd argamaid -p ann an sgioba cp gus còraichean agus sealbhadairean a ghleidheadh.
[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/* /var/named/chroot/etc/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.conf’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones’An uairsin dèan lethbhreac de na faidhlichean co-cheangailte ris an raon gu àite ùr.
[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/data’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/data’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.external.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.ca’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.ca’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.empty’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.empty’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.localhost’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.localhost’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.loopback’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.loopback’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.db’
‘/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’ -> ‘/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.db’
```bash
Теперь давайте посмотрим на основной файл конфигурации.
```bash
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/Glan susbaint ainmichte.conf agus cuir a-steach na leanas.
[root@golinuxhub-client etc]# vim named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; any; };
# listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; any; };
allow-query-cache { localhost; any; };
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
view my_resolver {
match-clients { localhost; any; };
recursion yes;
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};Feumar cur ri fiosrachadh sòn sònraichte /var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones. Cuir ris na h-inntrigidhean gu h-ìosal. Is e am faidhle example.zone am faidhle sòn sgrùdaidh adhartach, agus eisimpleir.rzone - faidhle sòn cùil.
NOTA CUDROMACH: Tha 1.168.192 anns an raon sgrùdaidh cùil oir is e an seòladh IP agam 192.168.1.7
zone "example" IN {
type master;
file "example.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "example.rzone";
allow-update { none; };
};Tha na faidhlichean co-cheangailte ris na sònaichean suidhichte an seo:
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/An uairsin, cruthaichidh sinn faidhlichean airson na sònaichean air adhart agus air ais. Bidh na h-ainmean faidhle mar a tha gu h-àrd san fhaidhle ainmichte.rfc1912.zones. Tha grunn teamplaidean bunaiteach againn mu thràth as urrainn dhuinn a chleachdadh.
# cp -p named.localhost example.zone
# cp -p named.loopback example.rzoneMar a chì thu, buinidh na ceadan gnàthach air a h-uile faidhle agus clàr freumh.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 22 2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168 May 22 2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 May 22 2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 May 22 2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2281 May 22 2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168 May 22 2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 71 Feb 12 21:02 slavesAtharraich ceadan a h-uile faidhle gus an neach-cleachdaidh a chomharrachadh mar an neach-seilbh freumh agus buidheann ainmichte.
# chown root:named *Ach airson dàta feumaidh an sealbhadair a bhith ainmichte: ainmichte.
# chown -R named:named data
# ls -l
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 named named 6 May 22 2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 168 May 22 2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 56 May 22 2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 56 May 22 2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 2281 May 22 2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 168 May 22 2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root named 71 Feb 12 21:02 slavesCuir an susbaint a leanas ris an fhaidhle sòn air adhart agad. An seo bidh sinn a’ cruthachadh clàr A airson localhost (golinuxhub-client) agus fear eile airson an fhrithealaiche (golinuxhub-server).
# vim example.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA example. root (
1 ; serial
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expire
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS example.
IN A 192.168.1.7
golinuxhub-server IN A 192.168.1.5
golinuxhub-client IN A 192.169.1.7An uairsin, cuir an susbaint ris an fhaidhle sòn cùil. An seo bidh sinn a’ cruthachadh clàr PTR airson golinuxhub-client agus airson golinuxhub-server.
# vim example.rzone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA example. root.example. (
1997022700 ; serial
28800 ; refresh
14400 ; retry
3600000 ; expire
86400 ) ; minimum
IN NS example.
5 IN PTR golinuxhub-server.example.
7 IN PTR golinuxhub-client.example.Mus cuir sinn air bhog an t-seirbheis ainmichte-chroot, leig dhuinn sùil a thoirt air rèiteachadh an fhaidhle sòn.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.zone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1
OK
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.rzone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
OKTha a h-uile dad a’ coimhead math. A-nis thoir sùil air an fhaidhle rèiteachaidh a’ cleachdadh an àithne a leanas.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot/ /etc/named.confMar sin, chaidh a h-uile càil a chrìochnachadh gu soirbheachail.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# echo $?
0NOTA CUDROMACH: Tha SELinux agam ann am modh ceadaichte
# getenforce
PermissiveTha a h-uile dad a’ coimhead math, agus mar sin tha an t-àm ann ar seirbheis a chuir air bhog ainmichte-chroot .
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl restart named-chroot[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl status named-chroot
● named-chroot.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-02-12 21:53:23 IST; 19s ago
Process: 5236 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 5327 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} -t /var/named/chroot $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 5325 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 5330 (named)
CGroup: /system.slice/named-chroot.service
└─5330 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf -t /var/named/chroot
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: managed-keys-zone/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1997022700
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone example/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: all zones loaded
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: running
```bash
Убедитесь, что resolv.conf содержит ваш IP-адрес, чтобы он мог работать в качестве DNS-сервера.
```bash
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search example
nameserver 192.168.1.7
```bash
Давайте проверим наш DNS-сервер для обратной зоны, используя dig.
```bash
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.5
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40331
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR golinuxhub-server.example.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS example.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.7
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:13:17 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122Mar a chì sibh, fhuair sinn deagh fhreagairt (FREAGAIRT) don iarrtas againn (QUERY).
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.7
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.7
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55804
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR golinuxhub-client.example.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS example.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.7
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:12:54 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122Faodaidh sinn sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air an raon dhìreach san aon dòigh.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-client.example
Server: 192.168.1.7
Address: 192.168.1.7#53
Name: golinuxhub-client.example
Address: 192.169.1.7
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-server.example
Server: 192.168.1.7
Address: 192.168.1.7#53
Name: golinuxhub-server.example
Address: 192.168.1.5Tha an artaigil seo beagan seann-fhasanta oir ann an RHEL 7 chan fheum thu tuilleadh lethbhreac a dhèanamh de na faidhlichean rèiteachaidh ceangail a-steach don chroot. .
Source: www.habr.com