An-dràsta, tha an REST API air a thighinn gu bhith na inbhe airson leasachadh tagradh lìn, a’ toirt cothrom dhut an leasachadh a bhriseadh gu pàirtean neo-eisimeileach. Airson an UI, thathas a’ cleachdadh grunn fhrèaman mòr-chòrdte leithid Angular, React, Vue agus feadhainn eile an-dràsta. Faodaidh luchd-leasachaidh backend taghadh bho mheasgachadh farsaing de chànanan agus fhrèaman. An-diugh bu mhath leam bruidhinn mu dheidhinn frèam mar sin NeadJS. Tha sinn a-staigh Deuchainn Mace Bidh sinn gu gnìomhach ga chleachdadh airson pròiseactan taobh a-staigh. A 'cleachdadh nead agus pasgan @nestjsx/crud, cruthaichidh sinn tagradh CRUD sìmplidh.

Carson a tha NestJS

O chionn ghoirid, tha tòrr frèamaichean backend air nochdadh ann an coimhearsnachd JavaScript. Agus ma tha iad a’ toirt seachad cothroman coltach ri Nest a thaobh comas-gnìomh, bidh e gu cinnteach a’ buannachadh ann an aon rud - is e seo ailtireachd. Leigidh na feartan NestJS a leanas leat tagraidhean gnìomhachais agus leasachadh sgèile a chruthachadh do sgiobaidhean mòra:

• a’ cleachdadh TypeScript mar phrìomh chànan leasachaidh. Ged a tha NestJS a’ toirt taic do JavaScript, is dòcha nach obraich cuid den ghnìomhachd, gu sònraichte nuair a thig e gu pasganan treas-phàrtaidh;
• làthaireachd inneal DI, a leigeas leat co-phàirtean sgaoilte a chruthachadh;
• tha gnìomhachd an fhrèam fhèin air a roinn ann an co-phàirtean eadar-ghluasadach neo-eisimeileach. Mar eisimpleir, fon chochall mar fhrèam faodar a chleachdadh mar a chur an cèill, agus luathaich, a bhith ag obair leis an stòr-dàta nead a-mach às a 'bhogsa a' toirt ceangalaichean gu seòrsa-chruth, mongoose, seicheamh;
• Tha NestJS neo-eisimeileach bhon àrd-ùrlar agus a’ toirt taic do REST, GraphQL, Websockets, gRPC, msaa.

Tha am frèam fhèin air a bhrosnachadh leis an fhrèam aghaidh Angular agus gu bun-bheachdail tha tòrr ann an cumantas ris.

A 'stàladh NestJS agus a' cleachdadh pròiseact

Tha pasgan ann an Nest nead/ cli, a leigeas leat frèam tagraidh bunaiteach a chuir an gnìomh gu sgiobalta. Stàlaich am pasgan seo air feadh na cruinne:

npm install --global @nest/cli

Às deidh an stàladh, cruthaichidh sinn frèam bunaiteach an tagraidh againn leis an ainm nead-rest. Tha seo air a dhèanamh a’ cleachdadh an àithne nest new nest-rest.

nead nead ùr

dmitrii@dmitrii-HP-ZBook-17-G3:~/projects $ nest new nest-rest
  We will scaffold your app in a few seconds..

CREATE /nest-rest/.prettierrc (51 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/README.md (3370 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/nest-cli.json (84 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/nodemon-debug.json (163 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/nodemon.json (67 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/package.json (1805 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/tsconfig.build.json (97 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/tsconfig.json (325 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/tslint.json (426 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/src/app.controller.spec.ts (617 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/src/app.controller.ts (274 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/src/app.module.ts (249 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/src/app.service.ts (142 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/src/main.ts (208 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/test/app.e2e-spec.ts (561 bytes)
CREATE /nest-rest/test/jest-e2e.json (183 bytes)

? Which package manager would you ️ to use? yarn
 Installation in progress... 

  Successfully created project nest-rest
  Get started with the following commands:

$ cd nest-rest
$ yarn run start

                          Thanks for installing Nest 
                 Please consider donating to our open collective
                        to help us maintain this package.

                 Donate: https://opencollective.com/nest

Taghaidh sinn snàth mar ar manaidsear pacaid.
Airson a-nis, faodaidh tu am frithealaiche a thòiseachadh leis an àithne npm start agus a' dol chun an t-seòlaidh http://localhost:3000 chì thu am prìomh dhuilleag. Ach, chan e seo an adhbhar a tha sinn an seo agus tha sinn a’ gluasad air adhart.

A stèidheachadh obair leis an stòr-dàta

Thagh mi PostrgreSQL mar an DBMS airson an artaigil seo. Chan eil connspaid sam bith ann mu bhlasan, nam bheachd-sa, is e seo an DBMS as aibidh aig a bheil na feartan riatanach uile. Mar a chaidh ainmeachadh roimhe, tha Nest a’ toirt seachad amalachadh le diofar phasganan airson a bhith ag obair le stòran-dàta. Air sgàth Bho thuit mo roghainn air PostgreSQL, bhiodh e loidsigeach TypeORM a thaghadh mar an ORM. Stàlaich na pacaidean riatanach airson amalachadh leis an stòr-dàta:

yarn add typeorm @nestjs/typeorm pg

Ann an òrdugh, carson a tha gach pasgan:

1. typeorm - pasgan dìreach bhon ORM fhèin;
2. @nestjs/typeorm - pasgan TypeORM airson NestJS. A 'cur mhodalan airson a thoirt a-steach do mhodalan pròiseict, a bharrachd air seata de luchd-sgeadachaidh cuideachaidh;
3. Tha pg na dhràibhear airson a bhith ag obair le PostgreSQL.

Ceart gu leòr, tha na pacaidean air an stàladh, a-nis feumaidh tu an stòr-dàta fhèin a thòiseachadh. Gus am bonn a chleachdadh, cleachdaidh mi docker-compose.yml leis an t-susbaint a leanas:

docker-compose.yml

version: '3.1'

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:11.2
    restart: always
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: example
    volumes:
      - ../db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./postgresql.conf:/etc/postgresql/postgresql.conf
    ports:
      - 5432:5432
  adminer:
    image: adminer
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080

Mar a chì thu, tha am faidhle seo a’ rèiteachadh cur air bhog 2 shoitheach:

1. tha db na ghobhar gu dìreach le stòr-dàta. Anns a 'chùis againn, tha dreach postgresql 11.2 air a chleachdadh;
2. admin - manaidsear stòr-dàta. A 'toirt seachad eadar-aghaidh lìn airson coimhead air agus a' stiùireadh an stòr-dàta.

Gus obrachadh le ceanglaichean tcp, chuir mi ris an rèiteachadh a leanas.

postgresql.conf

# -----------------------------
# PostgreSQL configuration file
# -----------------------------
#
# This file consists of lines of the form:
#
#   name = value
#
# (The "=" is optional.)  Whitespace may be used.  Comments are introduced with
# "#" anywhere on a line.  The complete list of parameter names and allowed
# values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
#
# The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
# Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
# you need to reload the server.
#
# This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
# signal.  If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
# server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
# "SELECT pg_reload_conf()".  Some parameters, which are marked below,
# require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
#
# Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
# "postgres -c log_connections=on".  Some parameters can be changed at run time
# with the "SET" SQL command.
#
# Memory units:  kB = kilobytes        Time units:  ms  = milliseconds
#                MB = megabytes                     s   = seconds
#                GB = gigabytes                     min = minutes
#                TB = terabytes                     h   = hours
#                                                   d   = days
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FILE LOCATIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
# option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
#data_directory = 'ConfigDir'       # use data in another directory
# (change requires restart)
#hba_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_hba.conf' # host-based authentication file
# (change requires restart)
#ident_file = 'ConfigDir/pg_ident.conf' # ident configuration file
# (change requires restart)
# If external_pid_file is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
#external_pid_file = ''         # write an extra PID file
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Connection Settings -
listen_addresses = '*'
#listen_addresses = 'localhost'     # what IP address(es) to listen on;
# comma-separated list of addresses;
# defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all
# (change requires restart)
#port = 5432                # (change requires restart)
#max_connections = 100          # (change requires restart)
#superuser_reserved_connections = 3 # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_directories = '/tmp'   # comma-separated list of directories
# (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_group = ''         # (change requires restart)
#unix_socket_permissions = 0777     # begin with 0 to use octal notation
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour = off              # advertise server via Bonjour
# (change requires restart)
#bonjour_name = ''          # defaults to the computer name
# (change requires restart)
# - TCP Keepalives -
# see "man 7 tcp" for details
#tcp_keepalives_idle = 0        # TCP_KEEPIDLE, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_interval = 0        # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system default
#tcp_keepalives_count = 0       # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system default
# - Authentication -
#authentication_timeout = 1min      # 1s-600s
#password_encryption = md5      # md5 or scram-sha-256
#db_user_namespace = off
# GSSAPI using Kerberos
#krb_server_keyfile = ''
#krb_caseins_users = off
# - SSL -
#ssl = off
#ssl_ca_file = ''
#ssl_cert_file = 'server.crt'
#ssl_crl_file = ''
#ssl_key_file = 'server.key'
#ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
#ssl_prefer_server_ciphers = on
#ssl_ecdh_curve = 'prime256v1'
#ssl_min_protocol_version = 'TLSv1'
#ssl_max_protocol_version = ''
#ssl_dh_params_file = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command = ''
#ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Memory -
#shared_buffers = 32MB          # min 128kB
# (change requires restart)
#huge_pages = try           # on, off, or try
# (change requires restart)
#temp_buffers = 8MB         # min 800kB
#max_prepared_transactions = 0      # zero disables the feature
# (change requires restart)
# Caution: it is not advisable to set max_prepared_transactions nonzero unless
# you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
#work_mem = 4MB             # min 64kB
#maintenance_work_mem = 64MB        # min 1MB
#autovacuum_work_mem = -1       # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenance_work_mem
#max_stack_depth = 2MB          # min 100kB
#shared_memory_type = mmap      # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
#   mmap
#   sysv
#   windows
# (change requires restart)
#dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
#   posix
#   sysv
#   windows
#   mmap
# (change requires restart)
# - Disk -
#temp_file_limit = -1           # limits per-process temp file space
# in kB, or -1 for no limit
# - Kernel Resources -
#max_files_per_process = 1000       # min 25
# (change requires restart)
# - Cost-Based Vacuum Delay -
#vacuum_cost_delay = 0          # 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables)
#vacuum_cost_page_hit = 1       # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_miss = 10     # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_page_dirty = 20        # 0-10000 credits
#vacuum_cost_limit = 200        # 1-10000 credits
# - Background Writer -
#bgwriter_delay = 200ms         # 10-10000ms between rounds
#bgwriter_lru_maxpages = 100        # max buffers written/round, 0 disables
#bgwriter_lru_multiplier = 2.0      # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round
#bgwriter_flush_after = 0       # measured in pages, 0 disables
# - Asynchronous Behavior -
#effective_io_concurrency = 1       # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
#max_worker_processes = 8       # (change requires restart)
#max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 2   # taken from max_parallel_workers
#max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2    # taken from max_parallel_workers
#parallel_leader_participation = on
#max_parallel_workers = 8       # maximum number of max_worker_processes that
# can be used in parallel operations
#old_snapshot_threshold = -1        # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate
# (change requires restart)
#backend_flush_after = 0        # measured in pages, 0 disables
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# WRITE-AHEAD LOG
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Settings -
#wal_level = replica            # minimal, replica, or logical
# (change requires restart)
#fsync = on             # flush data to disk for crash safety
# (turning this off can cause
# unrecoverable data corruption)
#synchronous_commit = on        # synchronization level;
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or on
#wal_sync_method = fsync        # the default is the first option
# supported by the operating system:
#   open_datasync
#   fdatasync (default on Linux)
#   fsync
#   fsync_writethrough
#   open_sync
#full_page_writes = on          # recover from partial page writes
#wal_compression = off          # enable compression of full-page writes
#wal_log_hints = off            # also do full page writes of non-critical updates
# (change requires restart)
#wal_buffers = -1           # min 32kB, -1 sets based on shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)
#wal_writer_delay = 200ms       # 1-10000 milliseconds
#wal_writer_flush_after = 1MB       # measured in pages, 0 disables
#commit_delay = 0           # range 0-100000, in microseconds
#commit_siblings = 5            # range 1-1000
# - Checkpoints -
#checkpoint_timeout = 5min      # range 30s-1d
#max_wal_size = 1GB
#min_wal_size = 80MB
#checkpoint_completion_target = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0
#checkpoint_flush_after = 0     # measured in pages, 0 disables
#checkpoint_warning = 30s       # 0 disables
# - Archiving -
#archive_mode = off     # enables archiving; off, on, or always
# (change requires restart)
#archive_command = ''       # command to use to archive a logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
#               %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'
#archive_timeout = 0        # force a logfile segment switch after this
# number of seconds; 0 disables
# - Archive Recovery -
# These are only used in recovery mode.
#restore_command = ''       # command to use to restore an archived logfile segment
# placeholders: %p = path of file to restore
#               %f = file name only
# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
# (change requires restart)
#archive_cleanup_command = ''   # command to execute at every restartpoint
#recovery_end_command = ''  # command to execute at completion of recovery
# - Recovery Target -
# Set these only when performing a targeted recovery.
#recovery_target = ''       # 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a
# consistent state is reached
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_name = ''  # the named restore point to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_time = ''  # the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_xid = ''   # the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_lsn = ''   # the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_inclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:
# just after the specified recovery target (on)
# just before the recovery target (off)
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_timeline = 'latest'    # 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID
# (change requires restart)
#recovery_target_action = 'pause'   # 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPLICATION
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Sending Servers -
# Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
#max_wal_senders = 10       # max number of walsender processes
# (change requires restart)
#wal_keep_segments = 0      # in logfile segments; 0 disables
#wal_sender_timeout = 60s   # in milliseconds; 0 disables
#max_replication_slots = 10 # max number of replication slots
# (change requires restart)
#track_commit_timestamp = off   # collect timestamp of transaction commit
# (change requires restart)
# - Master Server -
# These settings are ignored on a standby server.
#synchronous_standby_names = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep
# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
# and comma-separated list of application_name
# from standby(s); '*' = all
#vacuum_defer_cleanup_age = 0   # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed
# - Standby Servers -
# These settings are ignored on a master server.
#primary_conninfo = ''          # connection string to sending server
# (change requires restart)
#primary_slot_name = ''         # replication slot on sending server
# (change requires restart)
#promote_trigger_file = ''      # file name whose presence ends recovery
#hot_standby = on           # "off" disallows queries during recovery
# (change requires restart)
#max_standby_archive_delay = 30s    # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#max_standby_streaming_delay = 30s  # max delay before canceling queries
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
#wal_receiver_status_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables
#hot_standby_feedback = off     # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts
#wal_receiver_timeout = 60s     # time that receiver waits for
# communication from master
# in milliseconds; 0 disables
#wal_retrieve_retry_interval = 5s   # time to wait before retrying to
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt
#recovery_min_apply_delay = 0       # minimum delay for applying changes during recovery
# - Subscribers -
# These settings are ignored on a publisher.
#max_logical_replication_workers = 4    # taken from max_worker_processes
# (change requires restart)
#max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2  # taken from max_logical_replication_workers
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# QUERY TUNING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Planner Method Configuration -
#enable_bitmapscan = on
#enable_hashagg = on
#enable_hashjoin = on
#enable_indexscan = on
#enable_indexonlyscan = on
#enable_material = on
#enable_mergejoin = on
#enable_nestloop = on
#enable_parallel_append = on
#enable_seqscan = on
#enable_sort = on
#enable_tidscan = on
#enable_partitionwise_join = off
#enable_partitionwise_aggregate = off
#enable_parallel_hash = on
#enable_partition_pruning = on
# - Planner Cost Constants -
#seq_page_cost = 1.0            # measured on an arbitrary scale
#random_page_cost = 4.0         # same scale as above
#cpu_tuple_cost = 0.01          # same scale as above
#cpu_index_tuple_cost = 0.005       # same scale as above
#cpu_operator_cost = 0.0025     # same scale as above
#parallel_tuple_cost = 0.1      # same scale as above
#parallel_setup_cost = 1000.0   # same scale as above
#jit_above_cost = 100000        # perform JIT compilation if available
# and query more expensive than this;
# -1 disables
#jit_inline_above_cost = 500000     # inline small functions if query is
# more expensive than this; -1 disables
#jit_optimize_above_cost = 500000   # use expensive JIT optimizations if
# query is more expensive than this;
# -1 disables
#min_parallel_table_scan_size = 8MB
#min_parallel_index_scan_size = 512kB
#effective_cache_size = 4GB
# - Genetic Query Optimizer -
#geqo = on
#geqo_threshold = 12
#geqo_effort = 5            # range 1-10
#geqo_pool_size = 0         # selects default based on effort
#geqo_generations = 0           # selects default based on effort
#geqo_selection_bias = 2.0      # range 1.5-2.0
#geqo_seed = 0.0            # range 0.0-1.0
# - Other Planner Options -
#default_statistics_target = 100    # range 1-10000
#constraint_exclusion = partition   # on, off, or partition
#cursor_tuple_fraction = 0.1        # range 0.0-1.0
#from_collapse_limit = 8
#join_collapse_limit = 8        # 1 disables collapsing of explicit
# JOIN clauses
#force_parallel_mode = off
#jit = on               # allow JIT compilation
#plan_cache_mode = auto         # auto, force_generic_plan or
# force_custom_plan
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
#log_destination = 'stderr'     # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform.  csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off        # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'log'          # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'    # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600           # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off     # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation.  Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d          # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time.  0 disables.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB       # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
# - When to Log -
#log_min_messages = warning     # values in order of decreasing detail:
#   debug5
#   debug4
#   debug3
#   debug2
#   debug1
#   info
#   notice
#   warning
#   error
#   log
#   fatal
#   panic
#log_min_error_statement = error    # values in order of decreasing detail:
#   debug5
#   debug4
#   debug3
#   debug2
#   debug1
#   info
#   notice
#   warning
#   error
#   log
#   fatal
#   panic (effectively off)
#log_min_duration_statement = -1    # logs statements and their durations
# according to log_statement_sample_rate. -1 is disabled,
# 0 logs all statement, > 0 logs only statements running at
# least this number of milliseconds.
#log_statement_sample_rate = 1  # Fraction of logged statements over
# log_min_duration_statement. 1.0 logs all statements,
# 0 never logs.
# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default      # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] '       # special values:
#   %a = application name
#   %u = user name
#   %d = database name
#   %r = remote host and port
#   %h = remote host
#   %p = process ID
#   %t = timestamp without milliseconds
#   %m = timestamp with milliseconds
#   %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
#   %i = command tag
#   %e = SQL state
#   %c = session ID
#   %l = session line number
#   %s = session start timestamp
#   %v = virtual transaction ID
#   %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
#   %q = stop here in non-session
#        processes
#   %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off           # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none'         # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
#log_temp_files = -1            # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
#log_timezone = 'GMT'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PROCESS TITLE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#cluster_name = ''          # added to process titles if nonempty
# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# STATISTICS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Query and Index Statistics Collector -
#track_activities = on
#track_counts = on
#track_io_timing = off
#track_functions = none         # none, pl, all
#track_activity_query_size = 1024   # (change requires restart)
#stats_temp_directory = 'pg_stat_tmp'
# - Monitoring -
#log_parser_stats = off
#log_planner_stats = off
#log_executor_stats = off
#log_statement_stats = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTOVACUUM
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#autovacuum = on            # Enable autovacuum subprocess?  'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
#log_autovacuum_min_duration = -1   # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.
#autovacuum_max_workers = 3     # max number of autovacuum subprocesses
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_naptime = 1min      # time between autovacuum runs
#autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 50   # min number of row updates before
# vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_threshold = 50  # min number of row updates before
# analyze
#autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.2   # fraction of table size before vacuum
#autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor = 0.1  # fraction of table size before analyze
#autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000  # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000    # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum
# (change requires restart)
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay = 2ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
#autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit = -1  # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Statement Behavior -
#client_min_messages = notice       # values in order of decreasing detail:
#   debug5
#   debug4
#   debug3
#   debug2
#   debug1
#   log
#   notice
#   warning
#   error
#search_path = '"$user", public'    # schema names
#row_security = on
#default_tablespace = ''        # a tablespace name, '' uses the default
#temp_tablespaces = ''          # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace
#check_function_bodies = on
#default_transaction_isolation = 'read committed'
#default_transaction_read_only = off
#default_transaction_deferrable = off
#session_replication_role = 'origin'
#statement_timeout = 0          # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#lock_timeout = 0           # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0    # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
#vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000
#vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000
#vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000
#vacuum_cleanup_index_scale_factor = 0.1    # fraction of total number of tuples
# before index cleanup, 0 always performs
# index cleanup
#bytea_output = 'hex'           # hex, escape
#xmlbinary = 'base64'
#xmloption = 'content'
#gin_fuzzy_search_limit = 0
#gin_pending_list_limit = 4MB
# - Locale and Formatting -
#datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
#timezone = 'GMT'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations.  Currently, there are
#   Default
#   Australia (historical usage)
#   India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 1         # min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually
# selects precise output mode
#client_encoding = sql_ascii        # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
#lc_messages = 'C'          # locale for system error message
# strings
#lc_monetary = 'C'          # locale for monetary formatting
#lc_numeric = 'C'           # locale for number formatting
#lc_time = 'C'              # locale for time formatting
# default configuration for text search
#default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.simple'
# - Shared Library Preloading -
#shared_preload_libraries = ''  # (change requires restart)
#local_preload_libraries = ''
#session_preload_libraries = ''
#jit_provider = 'llvmjit'       # JIT library to use
# - Other Defaults -
#dynamic_library_path = '$libdir'
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOCK MANAGEMENT
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#deadlock_timeout = 1s
#max_locks_per_transaction = 64     # min 10
# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_transaction = 64    # min 10
# (change requires restart)
#max_pred_locks_per_relation = -2   # negative values mean
# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
#  / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
#max_pred_locks_per_page = 2            # min 0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# VERSION AND PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Previous PostgreSQL Versions -
#array_nulls = on
#backslash_quote = safe_encoding    # on, off, or safe_encoding
#escape_string_warning = on
#lo_compat_privileges = off
#operator_precedence_warning = off
#quote_all_identifiers = off
#standard_conforming_strings = on
#synchronize_seqscans = on
# - Other Platforms and Clients -
#transform_null_equals = off
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR HANDLING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#exit_on_error = off            # terminate session on any error?
#restart_after_crash = on       # reinitialize after backend crash?
#data_sync_retry = off          # retry or panic on failure to fsync
# data?
# (change requires restart)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CONFIG FILE INCLUDES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
# default postgresql.conf.
#include_dir = 'conf.d'         # include files ending in '.conf' from
# directory 'conf.d'
#include_if_exists = 'exists.conf'  # include file only if it exists
#include = 'special.conf'       # include file
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Add settings for extensions here

Sin uile, faodaidh tu na soithichean a ruith leis an àithne docker-compose up -d. No ann an consol air leth leis an àithne docker-compose up.

Mar sin, chaidh na pacaidean a chuir a-steach, chaidh am bonn a chuir air bhog, tha e fhathast gus an dèanamh caraidean le chèile. Gus seo a dhèanamh, cuir am faidhle ormconfig.js ri freumh a’ phròiseict leis an t-susbaint a leanas:

ormconfig.js

const process = require('process');
const username = process.env.POSTGRES_USER || "postgres";
const password = process.env.POSTGRES_PASSWORD || "example";
module.exports = {
"type": "postgres",
"host": "localhost",
"port": 5432,
username,
password,
"database": "postgres",
"synchronize": true,
"dropSchema": false,
"logging": true,
"entities": [__dirname + "/src/**/*.entity.ts", __dirname + "/dist/**/*.entity.js"],
"migrations": ["migrations/**/*.ts"],
"subscribers": ["subscriber/**/*.ts", "dist/subscriber/**/.js"],
"cli": {
"entitiesDir": "src",
"migrationsDir": "migrations",
"subscribersDir": "subscriber"
}
}

Thèid an rèiteachadh seo a chleachdadh airson cli typeorm.

Bheir sinn sùil nas mionaidiche air an rèiteachadh seo. Ann an loidhnichean 3 agus 4 gheibh sinn an t-ainm-cleachdaidh agus am facal-faire bho na caochladairean àrainneachd. Tha seo feumail nuair a tha iomadh àrainneachd agad (dev, àrd-ùrlar, prod, msaa). Is e postgres an t-ainm-cleachdaidh bunaiteach, tha facal-faire mar eisimpleir. Rud eile, tha an rèiteachadh beag, agus mar sin cha chuir sinn fòcas ach air na paramadairean as inntinniche:

• sioncronaich Sònraich am bu chòir sgeama an stòr-dàta a chruthachadh gu fèin-ghluasadach nuair a thòisicheas an tagradh. Bi faiceallach leis an roghainn seo agus na cleachd e ann an riochdachadh, air neo caillidh tu dàta. Tha an roghainn seo feumail nuair a bhios tu a’ leasachadh agus a’ dì-bhugachadh tagradh. Mar roghainn eile an àite an roghainn seo, faodaidh tu an àithne a chleachdadh schema:sync bho CLI TypeORM.
• dropSchema - Leig às an sgeama gach uair a thèid ceangal a stèidheachadh. Cuideachd, mar an tè roimhe, cha bu chòir an roghainn seo a chleachdadh ach aig àm leasachadh agus debugging an tagraidh.
• buidhnean - dè na slighean a choimheadas tu airson tuairisgeul mhodalan. Thoir an aire gu bheil taic ri sgrùdadh masg.
• Is e cli.entitiesDir an eòlaire far am bu chòir modalan a chaidh a chruthachadh bho CLI TypeORM a chur ris gu bunaiteach.

Gus an urrainn dhuinn na feartan uile de TypeORM a chleachdadh anns an tagradh Nest againn, feumaidh sinn am modal a thoirt a-steach TypeOrmModule в AppModule. An fheadhainn sin. do AppModule seallaidh seo:

app.module.ts

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { AppController } from './app.controller';
import { AppService } from './app.service';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import * as process from "process";
const username = process.env.POSTGRES_USER || 'postgres';
const password = process.env.POSTGRES_PASSWORD || 'example';
@Module({
imports: [
TypeOrmModule.forRoot({
type: 'postgres',
host: 'localhost',
port: 5432,
username,
password,
database: 'postgres',
entities: [__dirname + '/**/*.entity{.ts,.js}'],
synchronize: true,
}),
],
controllers: [AppController],
providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}

Mar a tha thu air mothachadh, anns a 'mhodh forRoot thèid an aon rèiteachadh airson obrachadh leis an stòr-dàta seachad agus a tha san fhaidhle ormconfig.ts

Tha an suathadh mu dheireadh fhathast - gus beagan ghnìomhan a chuir ris airson a bhith ag obair le TypeORM ann am package.json. Is e an fhìrinn gu bheil an CLI sgrìobhte ann an javascript agus a 'ruith ann an àrainneachd nodejs. Ach, bidh na modailean agus na h-imrich againn uile air an sgrìobhadh ann an clò-sgrìobhadh. Mar sin, feumar na h-imrichean agus na modailean againn ath-ghluasad mus cleachd sinn an CLI. Gus seo a dhèanamh, feumaidh sinn am pasgan ts-node:

yarn add -D ts-node

Às deidh sin, cuir na h-òrdughan riatanach gu package.json:

"typeorm": "ts-node -r tsconfig-paths/register ./node_modules/typeorm/cli.js",
"migration:generate": "yarn run typeorm migration:generate -n",
"migration:create": "yarn run typeorm migration:create -n",
"migration:run": "yarn run typeorm migration:run"

Bidh a’ chiad àithne, typeorm, a’ cur pasgan ts-node ris gus an TypeORM cli a chuir air bhog. Tha an còrr de na h-òrdughan nan ath-ghoiridean feumail a chleachdas tu, mar leasaiche, cha mhòr a h-uile latha:
migration:generate - cruthaich imrich stèidhichte air atharrachaidhean anns na modalan agad.
migration:create - cruthachadh imrich falamh.
migration:run - tòiseachadh air imrich.
Uill, a-nis tha sin uile cinnteach, tha sinn air na pasganan riatanach a chuir ris, air an tagradh a rèiteachadh gus obrachadh leis an stòr-dàta an dà chuid bhon chli agus bhon tagradh fhèin, agus cuideachd air an DBMS a chuir air bhog. Tha an t-àm ann loidsig a chuir ris an tagradh againn.

A’ stàladh phasganan airson CRUD a chruthachadh

Le bhith a’ cleachdadh Nest a-mhàin, faodaidh tu API a chruthachadh a leigeas leat eintiteas a chruthachadh, a leughadh, ùrachadh agus a dhubhadh às. Bidh fuasgladh mar seo cho sùbailte 's as urrainn, ach ann an cuid de chùisean bidh e gun fheum. Mar eisimpleir, ma dh'fheumas tu prototype a chruthachadh gu luath, faodaidh tu gu tric sùbailteachd a thoirt seachad air sgàth astar leasachaidh. Bidh mòran fhrèaman a’ toirt seachad comas CRUD a ghineadh le bhith a’ toirt cunntas air modal dàta eintiteas sònraichte. Agus chan eil Nest mar eisgeachd! Tha an gnìomh seo air a thoirt seachad leis a’ phacaid @nestjsx/crud. Tha na comasan aige gu math inntinneach:

• stàladh agus rèiteachadh furasta;
• neo-eisimeileachd bhon DBMS;
• cànan ceiste cumhachdach le comas sìoladh, duilleagadh, òrdachadh, luchdachadh dàimhean agus buidhnean neadachaidh, tasgadh, msaa;
• pasgan airson iarrtasan a ghineadh airson an aghaidh;
• ath-mhìneachadh furasta air dòighean smachd;
• rèiteachadh beag;
• taic sgrìobhainnean swagger.

Tha an comas-gnìomh air a roinn ann an grunn phasganan:

• @nestjsx/crud - am pasgan bunaiteach a thug an neach-sgeadachaidh seachad amh() airson gineadh, rèiteachadh agus dearbhadh slighe;
• @nestjsx/crud-request - pasgan a bheir seachad neach-togail ceist / parser airson a chleachdadh air an taobh aghaidh;
• @nestjsx/crud-typeform - pasgan airson amalachadh le TypeORM, a bheir seachad seirbheis bunaiteach TypeOrmCrudService le dòighean CRUD airson a bhith ag obair le buidhnean san stòr-dàta.

Airson an stiùireadh seo, bidh feum againn air pasganan neadjsx/crud agus neadjsx/crud-typeform. An toiseach, cuiridh sinn iad

yarn add @nestjsx/crud class-transformer class-validator

Pacaidean cruth-atharrachaidh clas и clas-dearbhaidh tha feum air san tagradh seo airson tuairisgeul dearbhach air na riaghailtean airson cruth-atharrachadh a dhèanamh air eisimpleirean modail agus dearbhadh iarrtasan a tha a’ tighinn a-steach, fa leth. Tha na pacaidean sin bhon aon ùghdar, agus mar sin tha na h-eadar-aghaidhean coltach.

Cur an gnìomh CRUD gu dìreach

Mar eisimpleir de mhodail, gabhaidh sinn liosta de luchd-cleachdaidh. Bidh na raointean a leanas aig luchd-cleachdaidh: id, username, displayName, email. id - raon àrdachadh fèin-ghluasadach, email и username - raointean sònraichte. Tha a h-uile dad sìmplidh! Tha e fhathast gus ar beachd a thoirt gu buil ann an cruth tagradh Nest.
An toiseach feumaidh tu modal a chruthachadh userscò a bhios an urra ri bhith ag obair le luchd-cleachdaidh. Cleachdaidh sinn an cli bho NestJS, agus ann an eòlaire freumh a’ phròiseict againn cuiridh sinn an gnìomh an àithne nest g module users.

luchd-cleachdaidh modal nead g

dmitrii@dmitrii-HP-ZBook-17-G3:~/projects/nest-rest git:(master*)$ nest g module users
CREATE /src/users/users.module.ts (82 bytes)
UPDATE /src/app.module.ts (312 bytes)

Anns a 'mhodal seo, cuiridh sinn pasgan nan aonadan, far am bi modalan a' mhodail seo againn. Gu sònraichte, cuiridh sinn am faidhle user.entity.ts an seo le tuairisgeul air a’ mhodail cleachdaiche:

neach-cleachdaidh.eintiteas.ts

import { Column, Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';
@Entity()
export class User {
@PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
id: string;
@Column({unique: true})
email: string;
@Column({unique: true})
username: string;
@Column({nullable: true})
displayName: string;
}

Gus am bi am modail seo “air fhaicinn” leis an tagradh againn, tha e riatanach sa mhodal UsersModule in-mhalairt TypeOrmModule an susbaint a leanas:

luchd-cleachdaidh.module.ts

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { UsersController } from './controllers/users/users.controller';
import { UsersService } from './services/users/users.service';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { User } from './entities/user.entity';
@Module({
controllers: [UsersController],
providers: [UsersService],
imports: [
TypeOrmModule.forFeature([User])
]
})
export class UsersModule {}

Mar sin an seo tha sinn a’ toirt a-steach TypeOrmModule, far a bheil mar paramadair dòigh forFeature sònraich liosta nam modalan co-cheangailte ris a’ mhodal seo.

Tha e fhathast gus an eintiteas co-fhreagarrach a chruthachadh san stòr-dàta. Airson na h-adhbharan sin, thathas a’ cleachdadh uidheamachd imrich. Gus imrich a chruthachadh stèidhichte air atharrachaidhean modail, ruith an àithne npm run migration:generate -- CreateUserTable:

tiotal spoiler

$ npm run migration:generate -- CreateUserTable
Migration /home/dmitrii/projects/nest-rest/migrations/1563346135367-CreateUserTable.ts has been generated successfully.
Done in 1.96s.

Cha robh againn ris an imrich a sgrìobhadh le làimh, thachair a h-uile dad gu draoidheil. Nach e mìorbhail a tha sin! Ach, chan eil seo uile. Bheir sinn sùil air an fhaidhle imrich a chaidh a chruthachadh:

1563346135367-CreateUserTable.ts

import {MigrationInterface, QueryRunner} from "typeorm";
export class CreateUserTable1563346816726 implements MigrationInterface {
public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<any> {
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "user" ("id" SERIAL NOT NULL, "email" character varying NOT NULL, "username" character varying NOT NULL, "displayName" character varying, CONSTRAINT "UQ_e12875dfb3b1d92d7d7c5377e22" UNIQUE ("email"), CONSTRAINT "UQ_78a916df40e02a9deb1c4b75edb" UNIQUE ("username"), CONSTRAINT "PK_cace4a159ff9f2512dd42373760" PRIMARY KEY ("id"))`);
}
public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<any> {
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "user"`);
}
}

Mar a chì thu, chan e a-mhàin an dòigh airson an imrich a thòiseachadh air a chruthachadh gu fèin-ghluasadach, ach cuideachd an dòigh air a thoirt air ais. Sgoinneil!
Chan eil air fhàgail ach an gluasad seo a ghluasad. Tha seo air a dhèanamh leis an òrdugh a leanas:

npm run migration:run.

Sin agad e, a-nis tha na h-atharrachaidhean sgeama air gluasad chun stòr-dàta.
An ath rud, cruthaichidh sinn seirbheis a bhios cunntachail airson a bhith ag obair le luchd-cleachdaidh agus a gheibh sinn bho TypeOrmCrudService. Feumar stòr an eintiteas inntinneach a thoirt seachad gu paramadair an neach-togail phàrant, nar cùis User tasgaidh.

luchd-cleachdaidh.seirbheis.ts

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmCrudService } from '@nestjsx/crud-typeorm';
import { User } from '../../entities/user.entity';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
@Injectable()
export class UsersService extends TypeOrmCrudService<User>{
constructor(@InjectRepository(User) usersRepository: Repository<User>){
super(usersRepository);
}
}

Feumaidh sinn an t-seirbheis seo anns an rianadair users. Gus rianadair a chruthachadh, cuir a-steach an consol nest g controller users/controllers/users

nead g rianadair luchd-cleachdaidh / luchd-riaghlaidh / luchd-cleachdaidh

dmitrii@dmitrii-HP-ZBook-17-G3:~/projects/nest-rest git:(master*)$ nest g controller users/controllers/users
CREATE /src/users/controllers/users/users.controller.spec.ts (486 bytes)
CREATE /src/users/controllers/users/users.controller.ts (99 bytes)
UPDATE /src/users/users.module.ts (188 bytes)

Fosgail an rianadair seo agus deasaich gus beagan draoidheachd a chuir ris neadjsx/craobh. gach clas UsersController Nach cuir sinn sgeadachadh mar seo ris:

@Crud({
model: {
type: User
}
})

amh na sgeadachadh a chuireas ris na dòighean riatanach don rianadair gus obrachadh leis a’ mhodail. Tha an seòrsa modail air a chomharrachadh san raon model.type rèiteachadh sgeadachaidh.
Is e an dàrna ceum an eadar-aghaidh a chuir an gnìomh CrudController<User>. Tha an còd rianadair “cruinnichte” a’ coimhead mar seo:

import { Controller } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Crud, CrudController } from '@nestjsx/crud';
import { User } from '../../entities/user.entity';
import { UsersService } from '../../services/users/users.service';
@Crud({
model: {
type: User
}
})
@Controller('users')
export class UsersController implements CrudController<User>{
constructor(public service: UsersService){}
}

Agus tha e uile! A-nis tha an rianadair a ’toirt taic don t-seata obrachaidh gu lèir leis a’ mhodail! Na creid? Feuch an fheuch sinn an tagradh againn ann an gnìomh!

Iarrtasan Sgriobhadh ann an TestMace

Gus ar seirbheis a dhearbhadh, cleachdaidh sinn an IDE gus obrachadh leis an API Deuchainn Mace. Carson deuchainn Mac? An coimeas ri toraidhean coltach ris, tha na buannachdan a leanas aige:

• obair chumhachdach le caochladairean. Aig an àm seo, tha grunn sheòrsaichean caochladairean ann, agus tha dreuchd shònraichte aig gach fear dhiubh: caochladairean togte, caochladairean fiùghantach, caochladairean àrainneachd. Buinidh gach caochladair do nód air choireigin le taic airson uidheamachd an oighreachd;
• sgriobtadh furasta gun phrògramadh. Thèid seo a dheasbad gu h-ìosal;
• cruth a ghabhas leughadh le daoine a leigeas leat am pròiseact a shàbhaladh ann an siostaman smachd dreach;
• fèin-chrìochnachadh, soilleireachadh co-chòrdadh, a 'soilleireachadh luachan caochlaideach;
• Taic tuairisgeul API le comas air a thoirt a-steach bho Swagger.

Tòisichidh sinn ar frithealaiche leis an àithne npm start agus feuch ri faighinn chun liosta de luchd-cleachdaidh. Gheibhear an liosta de luchd-cleachdaidh, a’ breithneachadh a rèir an rèiteachadh rianadair againn, bhon url localhost: 3000/users. Feuch an dèan sinn iarrtas airson an url seo.
Às deidh dhut TestMace a ruith, chì thu an eadar-aghaidh seo:

Aig a 'mhullach air an taobh chlì tha craobh a' phròiseict leis a 'bhunait Pròiseact. Feuchaidh sinn ris a 'chiad iarrtas a chruthachadh gus liosta de luchd-cleachdaidh fhaighinn. Gus seo a dhèanamh, cruthaichidh sinn Ceum Iarr nód. Tha seo air a dhèanamh ann an clàr-taice co-theacsa nód a’ Phròiseact. Cuir nód ris -> RequestStep.

Cuir a-steach localhost: 3000 / luchd-cleachdaidh a-steach don raon URL agus ruith an t-iarrtas. Gheibh sinn còd 200 le raon falamh anns a’ bhuidheann freagairt. Tha e furasta a thuigsinn, cha do chuir sinn duine ris fhathast.
Cruthaichidh sinn sgriobt a bheir a-steach na ceumannan a leanas:

1. cruthachadh luchd-cleachdaidh;
2. ceist le id an neach-cleachdaidh ùr;
3. sguab às le id neach-cleachdaidh a chaidh a chruthachadh ann an ceum 1.

Mar sin rachamaid. Airson goireasachd, cruthaichidh sinn nod coltach Folder. Gu dearbh, chan eil an seo ach pasgan anns an sàbhail sinn an sgriobt gu lèir. Gus nód Folder a chruthachadh, ann an clàr-taice co-theacsa nód a’ Phròiseict, tagh Cuir nód ris -> Folder. Canaidh sinn an nód seic - cruthaich. Taobh a-staigh an t-seòmair seic - cruthaich Nach cruthaich sinn a’ chiad iarrtas againn airson neach-cleachdaidh a chruthachadh. Bheir sinn ainm air an nód ùr a chaidh a chruthachadh cruthaich-cleachdaiche. Is e sin, aig an àm seo bidh coltas an rangachd nód mar seo:

Rachamaid chun taba fosgailte cruthaich-cleachdaiche nód. Nach cuir sinn a-steach na paramadairean a leanas airson an iarrtas:

• Seòrsa iarrtas - POST
• URL - localhost: 3000 / luchd-cleachdaidh
• Corp - JSON le luach {"email": "[email protected]", "displayName": "New user", "username": "user"}

Leig leinn an t-iarrtas seo a chuir an gnìomh. Tha an tagradh againn ag ràdh gun deach an inntrig a chruthachadh.

Uill, leig dhuinn sùil a thoirt air an fhìrinn seo. Gus obrachadh le id an neach-cleachdaidh cruthaichte ann an ceumannan às deidh sin, feumar am paramadair seo a shàbhaladh. Tha an inneal seo foirfe airson seo. caochladairean fiùghantach. Bheir sinn sùil air mar a bhios sinn ag obair còmhla riutha a’ cleachdadh ar n-eisimpleir. Ann an taba parsed na freagairt, aig an nód id sa chlàr co-theacsa, tagh an rud Sònraich gu caochlaideach. Feumaidh na paramadairean a leanas a bhith air an sònrachadh sa bhogsa deasbaid:

• Node - anns a bheil de na sinnsearan a chruthachadh fiùghantach caochlaideach. Taghamaid seic - cruthaich
• Ainm caochlaideach is e ainm a’ chaochlaidich seo. Canaidh sinn userId.

Seo mar a tha am pròiseas airson caochladair fiùghantach a chruthachadh coltach:

A-nis, a h-uile uair a thèid a’ cheist seo a chuir an gnìomh, thèid luach a’ chaochladair fiùghantach ùrachadh. Agus bhon uair sin tha caochladairean fiùghantach a’ toirt taic do uidheamachd oighreachd rangachd, caochlaideach userId bhi ri fhaotainn ann an sliochd seic - cruthaich nód de ìre neadachaidh sam bith.
Anns an ath iarrtas, bidh an caochladair seo feumail dhuinn. Is e sin, iarraidh sinn cleachdaiche a chaidh a chruthachadh às ùr. Mar leanabh nòs seic - cruthaich cruthaichidh sinn iarrtas seic - ma tha le paramadair url co-ionann localhost:3000/users/${$dynamicVar.userId}. Thoir sùil air togail ${variable_name} a 'faighinn luach caochlaideach. Air sgàth tha caochladair fiùghantach againn, agus an uairsin airson fhaighinn feumaidh tu iomradh a thoirt air an nì $dynamicVar, i.e. a’ faighinn cothrom gu tur air caochladair fiùghantach userId seallaidh e mar seo ${$dynamicVar.userId}. Nach cuir sinn an t-iarrtas an gnìomh agus dèan cinnteach gu bheil an dàta air iarraidh ceart.
Tha an suathadh mu dheireadh fhathast - gus iarrtas airson cuir às. Feumaidh sinn e chan ann a-mhàin gus sgrùdadh a dhèanamh air gnìomhachd an toirt air falbh, ach cuideachd, mar sin a bhruidhinn, glanadh às deidh sinn fhìn san stòr-dàta, oir tha na raointean post-d agus ainm-cleachdaidh gun samhail. Mar sin, anns an nód cruthaich seic, cruthaichidh sinn iarrtas cleachdaiche sguab às leis na paramadairean a leanas

• Seòrsa Iarrtais - DELETE
• URL - localhost:3000/users/${$dynamicVar.userId}

Bidh sinn a 'cur air bhog. Tha sinn a' feitheamh. faigh tlachd às an toradh)

Uill, a-nis is urrainn dhuinn an sgriobt seo a ruith gu tur aig àm sam bith. Gus an sgriobt a ruith, tagh bhon chlàr co-theacsa seic - cruthaich puing snaidhm Run.

Thèid na nodan san sgriobt a chur gu bàs aon às deidh a chèile
'S urrainn dhut an sgriobt seo a shàbhaladh dhan phròiseact agad le bhith a' ruith File -> Sàbhail am pròiseact.

co-dhùnadh

Cha b’ urrainn a h-uile sliseagan de na h-innealan a chaidh a chleachdadh a bhith a’ freagairt air cruth an artaigil seo. A thaobh a 'phrìomh neach a tha ciontach - am pasgan neadjsx/crud - cha deach na cuspairean a leanas a lorg:

• gnàthachadh dearbhadh agus cruth-atharrachadh mhodailean;
• cànan ceist chumhachdach agus a cleachdadh goireasach air an aghaidh;
• ag ath-mhìneachadh agus a’ cur dhòighean ùra ri luchd-riaghlaidh amh;
• taic-airgid;
• riaghladh caching.

Ach, tha eadhon na tha air a mhìneachadh san artaigil gu leòr airson tuigsinn gu bheil innealan aig eadhon frèam iomairt leithid NestJS airson prototyping tagraidh luath. Agus IDE cho fionnar ri Deuchainn Mace a’ leigeil leat astar suidhichte a chumail.

An còd tùsail airson an artaigil seo, còmhla ris a’ phròiseact Deuchainn Mace, ri fhaighinn anns an stòr https://github.com/TestMace/nest-rest. Gus pròiseact fhosgladh Deuchainn Mace tha e gu leòr airson a chuir an gnìomh san tagradh File -> Pròiseact fosgailte.

Source: www.habr.com