Mutane da yawa tuna cewa TV jerin "Silicon Valley" game da shirye-shirye Richard
Hendrix, wanda ba da gangan ya fito da algorithm na matsawa bayanai na juyin juya hali kuma ya yanke shawara
gina farawar ku.
Masu ba da shawara na jerin ma sun ba da shawarar awo da za a tantance
Algorithms iri ɗaya sune maƙiyan Weissman.
Bugu da ari a cikin labarin, farawa yayi hira ta bidiyo ta amfani da wannan bayani.
An gayyaci al'ummar da ake girmamawa don tattauna wani, wanda ba a saba gani ba
ka'idar damtse bayanai don kiran sauti da bidiyo, wanda ke magance matsalar da wani sabon abu,
bangaran bazata.
Idan kuna son shiga cikin tattaunawar wannan mafita, kuma ku gano abin da wannan ke da alaƙa
Concepts tare da Jonathan Swift da ayyukan Leo Tolstoy, don Allah a karkashin cat.
A bit of ka'idar
Bari mu bayyana gaba ɗaya yadda sadarwar sauti ta zamani ke aiki - ƙa'idar iri ɗaya ce ga duka biyun
kira akan hanyar sadarwar GSM, da kuma ga masu aiko da sakonni da cibiyoyin sadarwar VOIP.
Ana aika jijjiga sauti zuwa makirufo na wayoyin hannu, sannan a cikin analog-dijital
mai canzawa (ADC ko ADC):
Bayan haka, ɓoyewa yana faruwa tare da nau'ikan codecs (G711, G729, OPUS, GSM, da sauransu).
Ana ƙara ɓoye ko ba a ƙara ba (SRTP, ZPTP, da sauransu) kuma a aika zuwa yanayi
watsa bayanai.
Misali, kusan dukkan masu aiko da sakonni (WhatsApp, Viber, da sauransu) suna amfani da codecs iri daya (yanzu wannan yawanci Opus ne), kuma kusan iri daya ne.
gyare-gyaren ladabi (dangane da SIP, WebRTC).
Cibiyar watsa bayanai na iya zama ko dai Intanet ta jama'a ko cibiyar sadarwar GSM ko
intanet:
Rufewa wani zaɓi ne na zaɓi a cikin wannan makirci, misali a mafi yawan lokuta don
Ba a amfani da ɓoyayyen tarho na SIP.
Amma a cikin manzanni, akasin haka, yawanci suna amfani da nasu mallakarsu
ladabi don ɓoye murya da bidiyo.
Bayan haka, tsarin jujjuyawar yana faruwa - mai karɓa, bayan karɓar bayanan, ya yanke bayanan da aka karɓa, sannan siginar ta tafi DAC (mai canza dijital-zuwa-analog) sannan ya shigar da amplifier mai jiwuwa da aka haɗa da mai magana:
Halayen codecs na zamani:
G.711 64 Kbps.
G.726 16, 24, 32 ko 40 Kbps.
G.729A 8 Kb/sec.
GSM 13 Kb/sec.
iLBC 13.3 Kb/sec. (firam 30ms); 15.2 Kb/sec. (20ms firam)
Rage Magana daga 2.15 zuwa 22.4 Kb/sec.
G.722 64 Kbps.
Don haka, alal misali, yayin tattaunawar minti 7 akan WhatsApp ko Skype za a yi
An yi amfani da kusan 1 MB.
Mu tuna wadannan lambobi - 1MB na tsawon mintuna 7 muna tattaunawa nan ba da jimawa ba.
"Leo Tolstoy kamar madubi ne ... na juyin juya hali..."
Bari mu tuna da sanannen labari na wannan babban marubucin Rasha:
"Yaki da Aminci" labari ne mai ban mamaki na Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, yana kwatanta Rashanci
al'umma a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe da Napoleon a 1805-1812. Labarin littafin novel ya kawo
tarihin har zuwa 1820.
Littafin "Yaki da Zaman Lafiya" na L.N. Tolstoy ya sadaukar da shekaru bakwai na aiki mai tsanani da tsayin daka, Rubutun rubuce-rubuce sun shaida yadda aka halicci ɗaya daga cikin manyan halittun duniya.
"Yaki da Aminci": Taskar marubucin ya ƙunshi rubutattun takardu sama da 5200.
Idan har yanzu kuna son karanta wannan novel, zaku iya saukar da shi cikin sauki.
Kuma wannan fayil yayi nauyi kawai ... 1 MB:
Tsarin fb2 da epub, kamar zip, rar, bisa ƙa'ida, ana iya ɗaukar su azaman nau'in
codecs
Mu yi tunani game da shi - Minti 7 na tattaunawar mu akan WhatsApp daidai yake da yawan zirga-zirga
babban aikin da ya ɗauki shekaru 7 rubuta!
An lulluɓe tattaunawar mintuna 7 tare da opus codec, littafin an sanya shi tare da ePub, ƙarar ɗaya ce -
1MB, amma menene babban bambanci!
Gulliver's Travels
Kowa ya san wannan aikin na Jonathan Swift tun daga ƙuruciya, amma a gaskiya wannan littafin ba don
yara.
Gulliver's Travels shirme ne na siyasa ga manya, ba shakka a cikin mahallin 18
karni.
Abin mamaki shine Swift, kasancewarsa babban abokin gaba na sauran zamaninsa -
Newton, a cikin "Tafiya na Gulliver" ba wai kawai ya annabta gano tauraron dan adam ba
Mars (tare da wani fairly m bayanin su halaye), amma kuma bayyana a wajen ban sha'awa
hanyar sadarwa tsakanin mutane:
“... aikin ya bukaci a soke dukkan kalmomin;
marubucin wannan aikin yayi ishara da fa'idojin kiwon lafiya da tanadi
lokaci.
Bayan haka, a bayyane yake cewa kowace kalma da muka furta tana da alaƙa da wasu lalacewa da tsagewa.
huhu kuma, saboda haka, yana haifar da raguwa a rayuwarmu.
Kuma tun da kalmomi sunayen abubuwa ne kawai, marubucin aikin ya yi zato cewa
cewa zai fi dacewa mu ɗauki abubuwan da suka dace don bayyana namu
tunani da sha'awa.
... da yawa masu ilimi da hikima suna amfani da wannan sabuwar hanyar bayyana nasu
tunani tare da taimakon abubuwa.
Abin da ke damun sa shine gaskiyar cewa, idan ya cancanta.
gudanar da doguwar tattaunawa kan batutuwa daban-daban, masu shiga tsakani su yi
kafadu tare da manyan daure na abubuwa, idan kudade ba su ba da izinin daukar daya ko
mutane biyu masu kauri. Sau da yawa nakan ga wasu masu hikima guda biyu, sun gaji a karkashinsu
nauyi mai nauyi, kamar dillalan mu. Da suka hadu akan titi sai suka dauki hotuna
jakar kafada, bude su kuma, fitar da abubuwan da ake bukata daga can, don haka ci gaba da tattaunawa a ciki
ci gaba da sa'a; sannan suka tattara kayansu suna taya juna dauke kayan
kafad'a sukayi sallama suka rabu.
Koyaya, don gajeriyar tattaunawa da sauƙi zaku iya ɗaukar duk abin da kuke buƙata a cikin aljihun ku
ko a karkashin hannu, kuma zance da ake yi a gida ba ya haifar da komai
matsaloli. Saboda haka, dakunan da mutane masu amfani da wannan hanya suke taruwa suna cike da su
kowane nau'in abubuwa masu dacewa don zama kayan aiki don irin wannan wucin gadi
tattaunawa.
Wani babban fa'idar wannan ƙirƙira ita ce ana iya amfani da ita
a matsayin harshe na duniya, mai iya fahimtar duk al'ummomin wayewa, ga kayan daki da gida
kayan aiki iri daya ne ko kuma kamanceceniya a ko’ina, ta yadda za a iya fahimtar amfani da su cikin sauki.
Don haka, wakilai za su iya yin magana cikin sauƙi da sarakunan ƙasashen waje ko
ministocin da gaba daya yarensu bai san su ba...”
Don haka, tabbas kun riga kun yi tunanin inda zan je da wannan :)
Me yasa ake watsa girgizar iska (sauti) sama da ɗaruruwa da dubunnan kilomita?
dame tare da ɓoyewa (domin isar da waɗannan girgizarwar iska ga mai karɓa daidai da yadda ya kamata), kula da bandwidth ɗin da ake buƙata, idan na ma'ana.
Shin nauyin wannan watsawa ba shi da yawa, ko ma yana nuna sifili?
Bayan haka, mutane suna sadarwa da juna ba tare da sauti ba, amma tare da ma'ana, abun ciki, ma'ana, tunani ...
Tunanin sabon tsarin sadarwa abu ne mai sauƙi - a gefen tushen A akwai sauti
vibration kuma ana digitized, amma ba a nan da nan aika zuwa wani bangare, amma
ana canza su zuwa rubutu (Magana Zuwa Rubutu) sannan kuma rubutu mai ma'ana daga
abokina A, wanda:
- ana iya watsa shi tare da mafi ƙarancin bandwidth na bayanai da ake buƙata (ko da sadarwar rediyon HF mai yiwuwa ne, da sauransu).
- za a iya rufaffen ta da kowane mai ƙarfi ɓoyayyen algorithm
A gefen B, ana ɓoye saƙonnin da aka karɓa kuma ana sake yin su azaman murya daga
biyan kuɗi A (Text To Speech).
Hakanan zaka iya saukar da abin da ake kira gefen B. avatar murya na mai biyan kuɗi A, wanda zai
daidai maimaita yanayin magana na mai biyan kuɗi A.
Tashar keɓancewar na iya watsa hayaniyar baya da motsin rai.
Duk iri ɗaya ne ga sadarwar bidiyo - musamman tunda abubuwa ɗaya sun daɗe
akwai a aikace-aikace (masu rufe fuska iri-iri, bango a Zuƙowa, da sauransu).
Ee, akwai fasahohin fasaha waɗanda a halin yanzu ba a cika aiwatar da su ta hanyar da ta dace ba -
misali, saurin juyar da Magana Zuwa Rubutu zai zama mahimmanci, amma amfani
Algorithms na juyawa AI na tsinkaya na iya haɓaka wannan saurin sosai.
Mafi mahimmancin fa'ida shine cewa ana buƙatar ƙaramin bandwidth a cikin matsakaicin watsawa
bayanai.
Wadancan. Wannan ka'ida za a iya amfani da ba kawai ga talakawa yau da kullum
sadarwa, amma kuma na soja da sadarwa na nesa tare da dogon lokaci
(Sadarwar sararin samaniya, interplanetary - Moon, Mars, da dai sauransu :)
Kodayake wannan bayanin ra'ayi ne, a gaskiya ma, a cikin ɗayan ayyukanmu akwai riga da yawa
An yi amfani da samfurin tare da wannan ƙa'idar tsawon watanni.
Amma ƙarin game da wancan lokaci na gaba ...
source: www.habr.com