100GbE: alatu ko mahimmancin larura?

IEEE P802.3ba, ma'auni don watsa bayanai sama da 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE), an haɓaka shi tsakanin 2007 da 2010 [3], amma kawai ya zama tartsatsi a cikin 2018 [5]. Me yasa a cikin 2018 kuma ba a baya ba? Kuma me ya sa nan da nan a cikin ƙungiyoyi? Akwai akalla dalilai guda biyar da suka haddasa hakan...

An haɓaka IEEE P802.3ba da farko don biyan buƙatun cibiyoyin bayanai da buƙatun wuraren musayar zirga-zirgar Intanet (tsakanin masu aiki masu zaman kansu); da kuma tabbatar da aikin da ba a katsewa na ayyukan yanar gizo masu amfani da albarkatu ba, irin su tashoshi tare da babban adadin abun ciki na bidiyo (misali, YouTube); kuma ga babban aikin kwamfuta. [3] Masu amfani da Intanet na yau da kullun suna ba da gudummawa don canza buƙatun bandwidth: Mutane da yawa suna da kyamarar dijital, kuma mutane suna son watsa abubuwan da suka ɗauka ta Intanet. Wannan. Girman abun ciki da ke yawo akan Intanet yana ƙara girma da girma akan lokaci. Duka a matakan ƙwararru da masu amfani. A duk waɗannan lokuta, lokacin da ake canja wurin bayanai daga wannan yanki zuwa wani, jimillar abubuwan da aka samu na kuɗaɗɗen hanyoyin sadarwa ya daɗe ya wuce ƙarfin 10GbE tashar jiragen ruwa. [1] Wannan shine dalilin bayyanar sabon ma'auni: 100GbE.

Manyan cibiyoyin bayanai da masu samar da sabis na girgije sun riga sun fara amfani da 100GbE, kuma suna shirin matsawa a hankali zuwa 200GbE da 400GbE a cikin shekaru biyu. A lokaci guda, sun riga sun kalli saurin da ya wuce terabit. [6] Ko da yake akwai wasu manyan masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ke motsawa zuwa 100GbE kawai a bara (misali, Microsoft Azure). Cibiyoyin bayanai da ke gudanar da na'urorin kwamfuta masu inganci don ayyukan kudi, dandali na gwamnati, dandali na man fetur da iskar gas da kuma kayan aiki suma sun fara matsawa zuwa 100GbE. [5]

A cikin cibiyoyin bayanan kasuwanci, buƙatun bandwidth ya ɗan ɗan yi ƙasa: kwanan nan kawai 10GbE ya zama larura maimakon alatu a nan. Koyaya, yayin da adadin yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ke ƙaruwa da sauri, ana shakkar cewa 10GbE zai rayu a cibiyoyin bayanan kasuwanci na akalla shekaru 10 ko ma 5. Madadin haka, za mu ga saurin matsawa zuwa 25GbE da ma saurin tafiya zuwa 100GbE. [6] Domin, kamar yadda manazarta Intel suka lura, tsananin zirga-zirga a cikin cibiyar bayanai yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara da kashi 25%. [5]

Masu sharhi daga Dell da Hewlett Packard sun bayyana [4] cewa 2018 ita ce shekarar 100GbE don cibiyoyin bayanai. Komawa a cikin watan Agusta 2018, isar da kayan aikin 100GbE sun ninka sau biyu kamar yadda ake bayarwa ga duk shekarar 2017. Kuma saurin jigilar kayayyaki yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa yayin da cibiyoyin bayanai suka fara ƙaura daga 40GbE a cikin runduna. Ana sa ran nan da shekarar 2022, za a rika jigilar tashoshi miliyan 19,4 100GbE a kowace shekara (a cikin 2017, don kwatanta, wannan adadi ya kai miliyan 4,6). [4] Dangane da farashin, a cikin 2017 an kashe dala biliyan 100 akan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na 7GbE, kuma a cikin 2020, bisa ga hasashen, kusan dala biliyan 20 za a kashe (duba siffa 1). [1]

Hoto 1. Ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga na buƙatar kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa

Me yasa yanzu? 100GbE ba ainihin sabuwar fasaha ba ce, don haka me yasa ake yawan hayaniya a kusa da shi yanzu?

1) Domin wannan fasaha ta girma kuma ta zama mai rahusa. A cikin 2018 ne muka ketare layin lokacin amfani da dandamali tare da tashar jiragen ruwa na 100-Gigabit a cikin cibiyar bayanan ya zama mafi tsada fiye da “stacking” da yawa dandamali na 10-Gigabit. Misali: Ciena 5170 (duba Hoto 2) ƙaƙƙarfan dandamali ne wanda ke ba da jimillar kayan aiki na 800GbE (4x100GbE, 40x10GbE). Idan ana buƙatar tashar jiragen ruwa 10-Gigabit da yawa don samar da kayan aikin da ake buƙata, to farashin ƙarin kayan masarufi, ƙarin sarari, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, ci gaba da kiyayewa, ƙarin kayan gyara da ƙarin tsarin sanyaya suna ƙara har zuwa adadi mai kyau. [1] Misali, ƙwararrun Hewlett Packard, suna nazarin yuwuwar fa'idodin ƙaura daga 10GbE zuwa 100GbE, sun zo ga alkaluma masu zuwa: mafi girman aiki (56%), ƙarancin jimlar farashi (27%), ƙarancin wutar lantarki (31%), sauƙaƙe haɗin kebul (ta 38%). [5]

Hoto 2. Ciena 5170: misali dandamali tare da 100 Gigabit tashar jiragen ruwa

2) Juniper da Cisco a ƙarshe sun ƙirƙiri nasu ASICs don masu sauyawa 100GbE. [5] Wanda ke tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa fasahar 100GbE ta balaga da gaske. Gaskiyar ita ce, yana da tsada don ƙirƙirar kwakwalwan ASIC kawai lokacin da, da farko, dabarun da aka aiwatar akan su baya buƙatar canje-canje a nan gaba mai yiwuwa, kuma na biyu, lokacin da aka ƙera babban adadin kwakwalwan kwamfuta iri ɗaya. Juniper da Cisco ba za su samar da waɗannan ASIC ba tare da amincewa da balaga na 100GbE ba.

3) Saboda Broadcom, Cavium, da Mellanox Technologie sun fara fitar da na'urori masu sarrafawa waɗanda ke tallafawa 100GbE, kuma waɗannan na'urori an riga an yi amfani da su a cikin sauyawa daga masana'antun kamar Dell, Hewlett Packard, Huawei Technologies, Lenovo Group, da sauransu [5].

4) Saboda sabobin da aka ajiye a cikin rakiyar uwar garken suna ƙara sanye take da sabbin adaftar cibiyar sadarwa ta Intel (duba Hoto na 3), tare da tashoshin 25-Gigabit guda biyu, wani lokacin ma suna haɗa adaftar cibiyar sadarwa tare da tashoshin 40-Gigabit guda biyu (XXV710 da XL710). {Hoto 3. Sabbin Intel NICs: XXV710 da XL710}

5) Saboda kayan aikin 100GbE sun dace da baya, wanda ke sauƙaƙa turawa: zaku iya sake amfani da igiyoyin da aka riga aka lalata su (kawai haɗa sabon transceiver zuwa gare su).

Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar 100GbE yana shirya mu don sababbin fasaha kamar "NVMe over Fabrics" (misali, Samsung Evo Pro 256 GB NVMe PCIe SSD; duba Fig. 4) [8, 10], "Storage Area Network" (SAN). ) / "Ma'ajin Ƙa'idar Software" (duba siffa 5) [7], RDMA [11], wanda ba tare da 100GbE ba zai iya gane cikakken damar su.

Hoto 4. Samsung Evo Pro 256 GB NVMe PCIe SSD

Hoto 5. "Storage Area Network" (SAN) / "Software Defined Storage"

A ƙarshe, a matsayin misali mai ban mamaki na buƙatun aiki don amfani da 100GbE da fasaha masu sauri masu alaƙa, za mu iya buga girgijen kimiyya na Jami'ar Cambridge (duba hoto 6), wanda aka gina akan 100GbE (Spectrum) SN2700 Ethernet switches) - domin, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na NexentaEdge SDS da aka rarraba ajiyar diski, wanda zai iya sauke hanyar sadarwar 10/40GbE cikin sauƙi. [2] Irin wannan gajimare na kimiyya masu girma ana tura su don magance nau'ikan matsalolin kimiyya iri-iri [9, 12]. Misali, masana kimiyyar likitanci suna amfani da irin wannan gizagizai don tantance kwayar halittar dan adam, kuma ana amfani da tashoshi 100GbE don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin kungiyoyin bincike na jami'a.

Hoto 6. Guntuwar girgijen kimiyyar Jami'ar Cambridge

Bibliography

1. John Hawkins. 100GbE: Kusa da Gefen, Kusa da Gaskiya // 2017.
2. Amit Katz. 100GbE Sauyawa - Shin Kun Yi Math? // 2016.
3. Margaret Rose. 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100GbE).
4. David Graves. Dell EMC ya ninka akan 100 Gigabit Ethernet don Buɗewa, Cibiyar Bayanai ta Zamani // 2018.
5. Mary Branscombe. Shekarar 100GbE a cikin Cibiyar Sadarwar Bayanai // 2018.
6. Jarred Baker. Gudu da sauri a cikin Cibiyar Bayanai ta Kasuwanci // 2017.
7. Tom Clark. Zayyana Hanyoyin Sadarwar Wurin Ajiye: Magana Mai Aiki don Aiwatar da Tashar Fiber da IP SANs. 2003. 572p.
8. James O'Reilly asalin Ajiye hanyar sadarwa: Kayan aiki da Fasaha don Ajiye bayanan Kamfanin ku // 2017. 280p.
9. James Sullivan. Gasar gungun ɗalibai 2017, Jami'ar Teamungiyar Texas a Austin/Jami'ar Jihar Texas: Sake haɓaka haɓakar ƙarfin jiki da yawa na Tersoff akan Intel Skylake da NVIDIA V100 architectures // Parallel Computing. v.79, 2018. pp. 30-35.
10. Manolis Katevenis ne adam wata. Na gaba Generation na Exascale-class Systems: da ExaNeSt Project // Microprocessors da Microsystems. v.61, 2018. shafi. 58-71.
11. Hari Subramoni. RDMA akan Ethernet: Nazari na Farko // Abubuwan Tattaunawa na Taron Bitar akan Haɗin Haɗin Manyan Ayyuka don Rarraba Kwamfuta. 2009.
12. Chris Broekema. Canja wurin Bayanan Ingantacciyar Makamashi a Tauraron Radiyo tare da Software UDP RDMA // Tsarin Kwamfuta na Farko na gaba. v.79, 2018. pp. 215-224.

PS. An fara buga wannan labarin a cikin "System Manager".

Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. Shigadon Allah.

Me yasa manyan cibiyoyin bayanai suka fara motsawa gaba ɗaya zuwa 100GbE?

• A gaskiya, babu wanda ya fara motsi a ko'ina har yanzu ...

• Domin wannan fasaha ta girma kuma ta zama mai rahusa

• Domin Juniper da Cisco sun kirkiro ASICs don 100GbE masu sauyawa

• Saboda Broadcom, Cavium, da Mellanox Technologie sun kara tallafin 100GbE

• Domin yanzu sabobin suna da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 25- da 40-gigabit

• Sigar ku (rubuta a cikin sharhi)

Masu amfani 12 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 15 sun kaurace.

source: www.habr.com