Ta amfani da ƙarin hanyoyin zamani tare da tsofaffin kayan aikin layin umarni, zaku iya samun ƙarin nishaɗi har ma da haɓaka aikinku.
A cikin aikinmu na yau da kullun akan Linux/Unix, muna amfani da kayan aikin layin umarni da yawa - alal misali, don saka idanu akan amfani da faifai da albarkatun tsarin. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin sun daɗe. Misali, saman ya bayyana a cikin 1984, kuma farkon fitowar du ya koma 1971.
A tsawon shekaru, waɗannan kayan aikin an sabunta su kuma an tura su zuwa tsarin daban-daban, amma gabaɗaya ba su yi nisa da nau'ikan su na farko ba, kamannin su da amfani da su ma ba su canza sosai ba.
Waɗannan manyan kayan aikin ne waɗanda yawancin masu gudanar da tsarin ke buƙata. Koyaya, al'umma sun ƙirƙira madadin kayan aikin waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin fa'idodi. Wasu daga cikinsu kawai suna da na zamani, kyakkyawar mu'amala, yayin da wasu ke haɓaka amfani sosai. A cikin wannan fassarar, za mu yi magana game da hanyoyi guda biyar zuwa daidaitattun kayan aikin layin umarni na Linux.
1. ncdu vs du
Amfanin Disk (Ncurses)) yayi kama da du, amma tare da ma'amala mai mu'amala dangane da ɗakin karatu na la'ana. ncdu yana nuna tsarin kundin adireshi wanda ke ɗaukar mafi yawan sararin faifan ku.
ncdu yana nazarin faifai sannan ya nuna sakamakon da aka tsara ta mafi yawan kundayen adireshi ko fayiloli, misali:
ncdu 1.14.2 ~ Use the arrow keys to navigate, press ? for help
--- /home/rgerardi ------------------------------------------------------------
96.7 GiB [##########] /libvirt
33.9 GiB [### ] /.crc
7.0 GiB [ ] /Projects
. 4.7 GiB [ ] /Downloads
. 3.9 GiB [ ] /.local
2.5 GiB [ ] /.minishift
2.4 GiB [ ] /.vagrant.d
. 1.9 GiB [ ] /.config
. 1.8 GiB [ ] /.cache
1.7 GiB [ ] /Videos
1.1 GiB [ ] /go
692.6 MiB [ ] /Documents
. 591.5 MiB [ ] /tmp
139.2 MiB [ ] /.var
104.4 MiB [ ] /.oh-my-zsh
82.0 MiB [ ] /scripts
55.8 MiB [ ] /.mozilla
54.6 MiB [ ] /.kube
41.8 MiB [ ] /.vim
31.5 MiB [ ] /.ansible
31.3 MiB [ ] /.gem
26.5 MiB [ ] /.VIM_UNDO_FILES
15.3 MiB [ ] /Personal
2.6 MiB [ ] .ansible_module_generated
1.4 MiB [ ] /backgrounds
944.0 KiB [ ] /Pictures
644.0 KiB [ ] .zsh_history
536.0 KiB [ ] /.ansible_async
Total disk usage: 159.4 GiB Apparent size: 280.8 GiB Items: 561540Kuna iya kewaya cikin shigarwar ta amfani da maɓallin kibiya. Idan ka danna Shigar, ncdu zai nuna abubuwan da ke cikin kundin da aka zaɓa:
--- /home/rgerardi/libvirt ----------------------------------------------------
/..
91.3 GiB [##########] /images
5.3 GiB [ ] /mediaKuna iya amfani da wannan kayan aikin don, misali, tantance waɗanne fayiloli ne ke ɗaukar mafi yawan sararin diski. Kuna iya zuwa kundin adireshi ta baya ta latsa maɓallin kibiya na hagu. Tare da ncdu zaka iya share fayiloli ta danna maɓallin d. Yana neman tabbatarwa kafin sharewa. Idan kana son musaki fasalin gogewa don hana hasarar fayiloli masu mahimmanci na bazata, yi amfani da zaɓin -r don kunna yanayin samun damar karanta-kawai: ncdu -r.
ncdu yana samuwa don yawancin dandamali na Linux da rarrabawa. Misali, zaku iya amfani da dnf don shigar dashi akan Fedora kai tsaye daga wuraren ajiyar hukuma:
$ sudo dnf install ncdu2. top vs saman
mai duba tsari ne mai kama da saman, amma daga cikin akwatin yana ba da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar mai amfani. Ta hanyar tsoho, hotp yana nuna bayanai iri ɗaya da na sama, amma ta hanyar gani da launi.
Ta hanyar tsoho hotp yayi kama da haka:
Sabanin saman:
Bugu da kari, htop yana nuna bayanan bayyani game da tsarin da ke saman, da kuma rukunin don gudanar da umarni ta amfani da maɓallan ayyuka a ƙasa. Kuna iya saita shi ta latsa F2 don buɗe allon daidaitawa. A cikin Saituna, zaku iya canza launuka, ƙara ko cire ma'auni, ko canza zaɓukan nunin bayyani.
Kodayake zaku iya cimma irin wannan amfani ta hanyar tweaking saitunan sabbin sigogin saman, htop yana ba da saitunan tsoho masu dacewa, wanda ya sa ya fi dacewa da sauƙin amfani.
3. tldr vs mutum
Kayan aikin layin umarni na tldr yana nuna sauƙaƙe bayanan taimako game da umarni, galibin misalai. Al'umma ne suka bunkasa ta .
Yana da kyau a lura cewa tldr ba shine maye gurbin mutum ba. Har yanzu ita ce kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi mahimmancin kayan aikin shafi na mutum. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, mutum yana da wuya. Lokacin da ba kwa buƙatar cikakken bayani game da umarni, kuna ƙoƙarin tunawa da ainihin amfanin sa. Misali, shafin mutumin don umarnin curl ya ƙunshi kusan layiyoyi 3000. Shafin tldr na curl yana da tsayin layi 40. Gashinsa yayi kama da haka:
$ tldr curl
# curl
Transfers data from or to a server.
Supports most protocols, including HTTP, FTP, and POP3.
More information: <https://curl.haxx.se>.
- Download the contents of an URL to a file:
curl http://example.com -o filename
- Download a file, saving the output under the filename indicated by the URL:
curl -O http://example.com/filename
- Download a file, following [L]ocation redirects, and automatically [C]ontinuing (resuming) a previous file transfer:
curl -O -L -C - http://example.com/filename
- Send form-encoded data (POST request of type `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`):
curl -d 'name=bob' http://example.com/form
- Send a request with an extra header, using a custom HTTP method:
curl -H 'X-My-Header: 123' -X PUT http://example.com
- Send data in JSON format, specifying the appropriate content-type header:
curl -d '{"name":"bob"}' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' http://example.com/users/1234
... TRUNCATED OUTPUTTLDR na nufin “dogon ya yi yawa; bai karanta ba": ma'ana, an yi watsi da wasu nassi saboda wuce gona da iri. Sunan ya dace da wannan kayan aiki saboda shafukan mutum, yayin da masu amfani, na iya zama wani lokacin tsayi da yawa.
Don Fedora, an rubuta tldr a cikin Python. Kuna iya shigar da shi ta amfani da mai sarrafa dnf. Yawanci, kayan aikin yana buƙatar samun damar intanet don aiki. Amma abokin ciniki na Fedora's Python yana ba da damar sauke waɗannan shafuka kuma a adana su don shiga cikin layi.
4.jq vs sed/grep
jq shine JSON processor don layin umarni. Yana kama da sed ko grep, amma an tsara shi musamman don aiki tare da bayanan JSON. Idan kai mai haɓakawa ne ko mai kula da tsarin da ke amfani da JSON a cikin ayyukan yau da kullun, wannan shine kayan aiki a gare ku.
Babban fa'idar jq akan daidaitattun kayan aikin sarrafa rubutu kamar grep da sed shine cewa yana fahimtar tsarin bayanan JSON, yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar tambayoyi masu rikitarwa a cikin magana ɗaya.
Misali, kuna ƙoƙarin nemo sunaye a cikin wannan fayil ɗin JSON:
{
"apiVersion": "v1",
"kind": "Pod",
"metadata": {
"labels": {
"app": "myapp"
},
"name": "myapp",
"namespace": "project1"
},
"spec": {
"containers": [
{
"command": [
"sleep",
"3000"
],
"image": "busybox",
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent",
"name": "busybox"
},
{
"name": "nginx",
"image": "nginx",
"resources": {},
"imagePullPolicy": "IfNotPresent"
}
],
"restartPolicy": "Never"
}
}Gudun grep don nemo sunan kirtani:
$ grep name k8s-pod.json
"name": "myapp",
"namespace": "project1"
"name": "busybox"
"name": "nginx",grep ya dawo da duk layukan da ke ɗauke da kalmar suna. Kuna iya ƙara wasu ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don grep don taƙaita shi, kuma yi amfani da wasu maganganun maganganu na yau da kullun don nemo sunayen kwantena.
Don samun sakamako iri ɗaya ta amfani da jq, kawai rubuta:
$ jq '.spec.containers[].name' k8s-pod.json
"busybox"
"nginx"Wannan umarnin zai baka sunayen kwantena biyu. Idan kuna neman sunan ganga na biyu kawai, ƙara fihirisar rukunin tsararru zuwa furci:
$ jq '.spec.containers[1].name' k8s-pod.json
"nginx"Tun da jq ya san tsarin bayanan, yana haifar da sakamako iri ɗaya ko da tsarin fayil ɗin ya canza kaɗan. grep da sed na iya yin aiki daidai a wannan yanayin.
jq yana da ayyuka da yawa, amma ana buƙatar wata labarin don bayyana su. Don ƙarin bayani tuntuɓi jq ko tldr.
5. fd vs samu
Sauƙaƙen madadin abin amfani ne. Ba a nufin Fd don maye gurbinsa gaba ɗaya: yana da mafi yawan saitunan da aka shigar ta hanyar tsoho, yana bayyana tsarin gaba ɗaya don aiki tare da fayiloli.
Misali, lokacin neman fayiloli a cikin kundin ajiya na Git, fd yana keɓance ɓoyayyun fayiloli da ƙananan bayanai kai tsaye, gami da adireshi na .git, kuma yana watsi da katuna daga fayil ɗin .gitignore. Gabaɗaya, yana haɓaka bincike ta hanyar dawo da ƙarin sakamako masu dacewa akan gwaji na farko.
Ta hanyar tsohuwa, fd yana yin bincike mara hankali a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, tare da fitowar launi. Binciken iri ɗaya ta amfani da umarnin nemo yana buƙatar shigar da ƙarin sigogi akan layin umarni. Misali, don nemo duk fayilolin .md (ko .MD) a cikin kundin adireshi na yanzu, zaku rubuta umarnin nema kamar haka:
$ find . -iname "*.md"Ga fd yayi kama da haka:
$ fd .mdAmma a wasu lokuta, fd kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka: misali, idan kuna son haɗa fayilolin ɓoye da kundayen adireshi, dole ne kuyi amfani da zaɓin -H, kodayake galibi ba a buƙatar wannan lokacin bincike.
fd yana samuwa don yawancin rabawa na Linux. A cikin Fedora ana iya shigar dashi kamar haka:
$ sudo dnf install fd-findBa sai ka bar komai ba
Shin kuna amfani da sabbin kayan aikin layin umarni na Linux? Ko kuwa kuna zaune ne kawai a kan tsofaffi? Amma da alama kuna da haɗin kai, daidai? Da fatan za a raba kwarewar ku a cikin sharhi.
Hakoki na Talla
Yawancin abokan cinikinmu sun riga sun yaba fa'idodin almara sabobin!
wannan , CPU core mita har zuwa 3.4 GHz. Matsakaicin daidaitawa zai ba ku damar samun fashewa - 128 CPU cores, 512 GB RAM, 4000 GB NVMe. Yi sauri don yin oda!
source: www.habr.com