Kamfanin California ya gabatar da na'urar sarrafa sabar uwar garken 80-core ARM ta farko bisa tsarin gine-gine 64-bit .
Shekaru da yawa yanzu, masana sun yi hasashen cewa dandalin ARM zai yi gasa tare da x86 a cikin cibiyoyin bayanai, amma wannan ba ya faruwa. A karshen 2019 akwai AMD yana da 4,5%.
Koyaya, sabon na'ura mai sarrafa ARM a cikin SPECrate 2017 integer benchmark yana nuna babban aiki fiye da 64-core AMD EPYC mafi sauri ko babban 28-core Xeon na dangin Cascade Lake. Wannan ya riga ya zama da'awa mai tsanani (ko da yake sakamakon maƙasudin ɗan "karkace", duba ƙasa).
Babban fa'idar ARM shine ingantaccen makamashi, wanda, ta ma'anarsa, ba za a iya daidaita su ta hanyar masu sarrafa x86 ba saboda gine-gine. Ampere Altra 80-core yana da TDP na 45-210 W da mitar agogo na 3 GHz.
Ampere ya yi imanin cewa zaren guda ɗaya a kowace cibiya maimakon biyu yana haifar da tsaro mafi girma saboda wannan ƙirar tana da kyau tana ba da kariya ga ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaiku daga hare-haren tashoshi kamar Meltdown da Specter.
An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen uwar garken kamar ƙididdigar bayanai, hankali na wucin gadi, ma'ajin bayanai, ma'ajiyar tarho, tarin tarho, ƙididdige ƙididdiga, masaukin yanar gizo da aikace-aikacen girgije. Musamman don aikace-aikacen koyon injin, tallafin kayan aiki don FP16 (lambobin rabin daidaici) da INT8 (wakiltan integer-byte ɗaya) an aiwatar da tsarin bayanai. Hakanan akwai haɓaka kayan masarufi don AES da SHA-256 hashing.
Ana kera kwakwalwan kwamfuta a masana'antar TSMC ta amfani da fasahar aiwatar da nm 7. An riga an aika samfuran CPU na farko ga abokan ciniki masu yuwuwa, kuma ana shirin fara samarwa da yawa a tsakiyar 2020.
Shugaban Kamfanin Ampere kuma tsohon Shugaban Intel Renée James ya kafa Ampere Computing a cikin Oktoba 2017 a kan kafuwar bankin Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (1979-2017), wanda kuma ya tsara masu sarrafa sabar ARM. Musamman, a cikin 2011 ya gabatar da dandamali na 64-bit X-Gene dangane da ARMv8-A.
A halin yanzu James ya haɗu da mukaman Shugaba da Shugaban Hukumar Gudanarwar Ampere Computing tare da matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Ba da Shawarar Sadarwar Tsaro na Kasa, wanda ke ba da shawara ga Shugaban Amurka.
Ina mamakin yadda nasarar sabon ƙoƙarin kawo masu sarrafa ARM zuwa kasuwar uwar garke zai kasance.
"Mun saki processor tare da mafi yawan adadin cores akan kasuwa," James. "Yanzu mun aika shi [don gwaji] ga wasu manyan masu samar da girgije a cikin masana'antar ... Ina tsammanin mutane za su yi mamaki. [Fasaha na baya] koyaushe ana maye gurbinsu da sabon abu. Kuma idan ba daga wani kamfani na yanzu ba, to daga wani sabon. Yana da matukar farin ciki da yin aiki a kan abin da nake gani a matsayin mataki na gaba na masana'antu."
An yi magana da yawa game da kwakwalwan uwar garken 64-bit ARM a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, lokacin da AMD da Applied Micro da aka ambata sun yi ƙoƙarin samar da na'urori masu kama da juna. Amma waɗannan kamfanoni sun gaza. AMD ta rufe aikinta na ARM, da kuma kadarorin da aka yi amfani da su Kamfanin Macom. A cikin 2017, Kamfanin Carlyle ya sayi sashin sarrafa ARM. Yarjejeniyar ta rufe a ƙarshen 2019, kuma James ya karɓi matsayin Shugaba na sabon kamfani, ya bar matsayinta na COO a rukunin Carlyle.
Matakan sabar Ampere guda biyu: Mt. Jade da Mt. Dusar ƙanƙara
Ampere Altra's cores mai zaren guda ɗaya da kuma "masu yawa, sabar masu amfani da makamashi" waɗanda za a iya gina su akan irin waɗannan CPUs za su ba abokan ciniki damar "ƙaratar yawan ayyukan da za su iya turawa a cikin gajimare," in ji kamfanin.
Ampere Altra processor yana dogara ne akan dandamali . An karɓi ra'ayi mai kyau game da sabbin sabobin daga injiniyoyi a Microsoft Azure, Oracle, Canonical, VMware, Kinvolk, Packet, Lenovo, Gigabyte, Wiwynn da Micron, waɗanda duk an ambata su a cikin sanarwar manema labarai.
Sabar Mt. Jade don masu sarrafawa guda biyu (cores 160): nazarin bayanai, bayanai, yanar gizo
Kamfanin ya ce manhajar a shirye take ta yi aiki da Ampere Altra: “Babban abu a yanzu shi ne, idan ka duba dukkan nau’in yadudduka, watau OS Layer, komai daga Linux zuwa BSD zuwa Windows duk suna goyon bayan ARM,” in ji Jeff Wittich Wittich. Babban Mataimakin Shugaban Samfura a Ampere. - Don haɓakawa, muna da tallafi ga Kubernetes, Docker, VMware da KBM. Ana tallafawa komai a can. A matakin aikace-aikacen, duk abin da ke aiki a cikin gajimare a yau ya riga ya yi aiki a nan. "
Sabar Mt. Dusar ƙanƙara a kan mai sarrafa guda ɗaya: ƙididdiga na gefe, sabis na sadarwa, gidan yanar gizo, ajiyar bayanai
Спецификации
- Tsarin tsarin sarrafawa
- 80 ARM v8.2+ 64-bit cores a rufe har zuwa 3,0 GHz tare da Sustained Turbo, yana ƙara wasu haɓakawa daga ARM v8.3 da v8.4
- 1 KB L64 I-cache, 1 KB L64 D-cache a kowace core, 2 MB L1 cache a kowace cibiya, 32 MB na cache matakin tsarin raba (SLC)
- Nisa biyu (128-bit) SIMD (Umarori ɗaya, Bayanai da yawa) rafi koyarwa
- Haɗin haɗin kai a cikin hanyar sadarwar raga
- Ƙwaƙwalwar tsarin
- 8x 72-bit DDR4-3200 tashoshi
- ECC, ECC na tushen Alama, DDR4 RAS
- Har zuwa 16 DIMMs da 4 TB a kowace soket
- albarkatun tsarin
- Cikakkun katsewar hangen nesa (GICv3)
- Cikakken I/O na gani (SMMUv3)
- Rukunin uwar garken ciniki RAS (Amintacce, Samuwar, Samar da sabis) dogaro
- Network
- 128 PCIe Gen4 hanyoyi
- 8 x8 PCIe + 4 x16 PCIe / CCIX tare da goyan bayan Extended Speed Mode (ESM) don canja wurin bayanai a 20/25 GT/s (gigatransaction a sakan daya)
- 48 masu sarrafawa don tallafawa haɗin kai har zuwa 32 x2
- 192 Lines a cikin tsarin 2P
- Tallafin soket da yawa
- 4 layi x16 CCIX
- 128 PCIe Gen4 hanyoyi
- Yanayin Zazzabi - daga 0 ° C zuwa + 90 ° C
- Питание
- Nau'in sarrafawa: 0,80V, DDR4: 1,2V
- I/O: 3,3V/1,8V, SerDes PLL: 1,8V
- Gudanar da wutar lantarki - Matsayi mai ƙarfi, Turbo Gen2, kariya mara ƙarfi
- Gidaje - 4926-pin FCLGA
- masana'antu - FinFET 7 nm fasaha
Alamu
Jeff Wittich ya ce mai sarrafa Ampere yana yin 4% mafi kyau fiye da na'urar sarrafa EPYC na AMD mafi sauri a cikin ma'auni kuma yana cin 14% ƙasa da ƙarfi. Muna magana ne game da 64-core EPYC processor
7742 tare da TDP na 225 W kuma farashin $ 6950. Wannan shine mafi ƙarfi a cikin dangin processor na EPYC 2 dangane da microarchitecture na Zen 2. An gabatar da dangin a watan Agusta 2019.
Wittich ya kuma yi kwatancen tare da 28-core Xeon processor na dangin Cascade Lake. Mai sarrafa Ampere Altra ya zarce shi da "sau 2,23 a cikin aiki da kuma sau 2,11 cikin ingancin makamashi." Anan an kwatanta wasan kwaikwayon tare da 28-core Xeon Platinum 8280 (205 W), kuma an ƙididdige ƙarfin kuzari a kowace cibiya.
An ba da rahoton cewa na'urar sarrafa Ampere Altra tana da maki sama da 2017 a cikin ma'aunin lamba ta SPECrate 259. Wannan ya yi ƙasa da kololuwar aikin ASUS RS720A-E9(KNPP-D32) Tsarin Sabar (2.20 GHz, AMD EPYC 7601) da ASUS RS500A-E10(KRPA-U16) Tsarin Sabar 2.25 GHz, AMD EPYC 7742.
Koyaya, a cikin kwatancen wasan kwaikwayon, Ampere ya yi amfani da ƙimar 0,85 zuwa sakamakon AMD saboda amfani da AMD64 compiler suite don haɗa lambar benchmark, idan aka kwatanta da GCC 8.2 da ta yi amfani da kanta, tunda AMD C/C ++ mai tarawa yana samar da ƙarin ingantaccen aiki. code fiye da GCC akan ARM.
Duk da irin wannan tweaks zuwa ma'auni, Ampere Altra yana da ban sha'awa sosai dangane da aiki da ingantaccen makamashi. Madaidaicin rakiyar uwar garken 42U tare da samar da wutar lantarki na 12,5 kW na iya ɗaukar kusan nau'ikan sarrafawa guda 3500, yana adana watts kowace cibiya.
Kuma wannan shine farkon. Jeff Wittich ya ce a cikin shekara guda za a sake samun wani samfurin a kasuwa, mai suna Mystique, wanda Ampere zai kara yawan adadin cores.
Mystique zai goyi bayan soket iri ɗaya, don haka ba za a sami buƙatar maye gurbin motherboards ba. Siryn SoC na gaba yana shirin fitowa a cikin 2022.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mun ga yunƙuri da yawa don sakin masu sarrafa sabar ARM daga kamfanoni daban-daban: Broadcom/Cavium/Marvell, Calxeda, Huawei, Fujitsu, Phytium, Annapurna/Amazon da AppliedMicro/Ampere. Yawancin waɗannan yunƙurin ba su yi nasara ba. Amma akwai alamun cewa lamarin yana canzawa. A cikin Disamba 2019, Amazon sabobin tare da 64-core ARM masu sarrafawa shine tsarin-kan-guntu wanda ya dogara da ainihin ainihin ARM Neoverse N1. A wasu gwaje-gwaje, misalan ARM (M6g da M6gd) sun fi kyau, kuma wani lokacin sun fi x86.
A cikin Nuwamba 2019, an ba da rahoton cewa farawar Amurka Nuvia . Manyan injiniyoyi uku ne suka kafa wannan kamfani wanda ke da hannu wajen samar da na’urori a Apple da Google. Sun kuma yi alkawarin samar da na'urorin sarrafa sabar da za su yi gogayya da Intel da AMD. By Nuvia ta ƙera core processor daga ƙasa zuwa sama wanda za'a iya ginawa a saman gine-ginen ARM, amma ba tare da samun lasisin ARM ba.
Duk wannan yana nuna cewa masu sarrafawa na RISC na iya samun aikace-aikacen ba kawai a cikin na'urorin hannu ba, har ma a cikin sabobin, har ma a cikin kwamfutocin tebur da kwamfyutoci. Af, akwai jita-jita cewa .
A zahiri, sabbin samfuran iPad Pro tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa na ARM A12X kusan suna da ƙarfi kamar 15-inch MacBook Pro tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa na Core i7 da Core i9, don haka haɓakawa zai zama mai ma'ana sosai.
source: www.habr.com