A yau za mu bincika awo na tsarin faifai a cikin vSphere. Matsalolin ajiya shine dalilin da ya fi dacewa don jinkirin injin kama-da-wane. Idan, a cikin yanayin CPU da RAM, gyara matsala ya ƙare a matakin hypervisor, to idan akwai matsaloli tare da faifan, ƙila za ku iya magance hanyar sadarwar bayanai da tsarin ajiya.
Zan tattauna batun ta amfani da misali na toshe damar shiga tsarin ajiya, kodayake don samun damar fayil ɗin ƙididdiga kusan iri ɗaya ne.
A bit of ka'idar
Lokacin magana game da aikin tsarin faifai na injunan kama-da-wane, mutane yawanci suna mai da hankali kan sigogi masu alaƙa guda uku:
- adadin ayyukan shigarwa / fitarwa (Ayyukan shigarwa / fitarwa a cikin na biyu, IOPS);
- kayan aiki;
- jinkirta ayyukan shigarwa/fitarwa (Latency).
Adadin IPS yawanci yana da mahimmanci ga nauyin aikin bazuwar: samun dama ga tubalan diski da ke wurare daban-daban. Misalin irin wannan nauyin zai iya zama bayanan bayanai, aikace-aikacen kasuwanci (ERP, CRM), da sauransu.
Bandwidth mai mahimmanci don ɗaukar nauyi: samun dama ga tubalan da ke ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Misali, sabar fayil (amma ba koyaushe ba) da tsarin sa ido na bidiyo na iya haifar da irin wannan kaya.
Abin da ake samarwa yana da alaƙa da adadin ayyukan I/O kamar haka:
Kayan aiki = IOPS * Girman toshe, inda Girman Block shine girman toshe.
Girman toshe sifa ce mai mahimmanci. Siffofin zamani na ESXi suna ba da damar toshe har zuwa girman 32 KB. Idan shingen ya fi girma, an raba shi zuwa da yawa. Ba duk tsarin ajiya ba ne zai iya aiki da kyau tare da irin waɗannan manyan tubalan, don haka akwai ma'aunin DiskMaxIOSize a cikin Saitunan Babba na ESXi. Amfani da shi, zaku iya rage matsakaicin girman toshe wanda hypervisor ya tsallake (ƙarin cikakkun bayanai ). Kafin canza wannan siga, Ina ba da shawarar ku tuntuɓi mai kera tsarin ajiya ko aƙalla gwada canje-canje akan benci na dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Babban girman toshe na iya yin illa ga aikin ajiya. Ko da adadin IOPS da abubuwan da ake fitarwa ba su da ƙanƙanta, ana iya lura da manyan latencies tare da girman toshe. Saboda haka, kula da wannan siga.
rashin laka – mafi ban sha'awa siga yi. Latency I/O don injin kama-da-wane ya ƙunshi:
- jinkiri a cikin hypervisor (KAVG, Matsakaicin Kernel MilliSec/Karanta);
- jinkiri da aka bayar ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar bayanai da tsarin ajiya (DAVG, Matsakaicin Direba MilliSec/Umurdi).
Jimlar jinkirin da ke bayyane a cikin OS baƙo (GAVG, Matsakaicin Guest MilliSec/Umurni) shine jimlar KAVG da DAVG.
Ana auna GAVG da DAVG kuma ana ƙididdige KAVG: GAVG–DAVG.
Mu duba a hankali KAVG. Yayin aiki na al'ada, KAVG ya kamata ya zama sifili ko aƙalla ya zama ƙasa da DAVG. Abinda kawai na sani na inda ake tsammanin KAVG mai girma shine iyakar IOPS akan faifan VM. A wannan yanayin, lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin wuce iyaka, KAVG zai ƙaru.
Mafi mahimmancin bangaren KAVG shine QAVG - lokacin aiki a cikin hypervisor. Ragowar abubuwan KAVG ba su da komai.
Lissafin da ke cikin direban adaftar faifai da jerin gwano zuwa wata yana da ƙayyadaddun girman girman. Don mahalli masu yawa, yana iya zama da amfani don ƙara wannan girman. ya bayyana yadda ake ƙara layukan a cikin direban adaftar (a lokaci guda layin zuwa wata zai ƙaru). Wannan saitin yana aiki lokacin da VM ɗaya kawai ke aiki tare da wata, wanda ba kasafai ba ne. Idan akwai VM da yawa akan wata, dole ne ku ƙara ma'aunin Disk.SchedNumReqMai Girma (umarni ). Ta hanyar haɓaka jerin gwano, kuna rage QAVG da KAVG bi da bi.
Amma kuma, fara karanta takaddun daga mai siyar da HBA kuma gwada canje-canjen akan benci na lab.
Girman jerin gwano zuwa wata na iya tasiri ta hanyar haɗa tsarin SIOC (Storage I/O Control). Yana ba da damar isa ga wata daga duk sabar da ke cikin gungu ta hanyar canza layin zuwa wata akan sabar. Wato, idan ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin yana gudanar da VM wanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin aiki (VM maƙwabcin surutu), SIOC yana rage tsayin layin zuwa wata akan wannan rundunar (DQLEN). Karin bayani .
Mun warware KAVG, yanzu kadan game da DAVG. Komai yana da sauƙi a nan: DAVG shine jinkirin da yanayin waje ya gabatar (cibiyar sadarwar bayanai da tsarin ajiya). Kowane tsarin ajiya na zamani kuma ba na zamani ba yana da nasa kididdigar ayyuka. Don bincika matsaloli tare da DAVG, yana da ma'ana don duba su. Idan komai yana da kyau akan ESXi da gefen ajiya, duba hanyar sadarwar bayanai.
Don guje wa matsalolin aiki, zaɓi madaidaicin Hanyar Zaɓin Hanya (PSP) don tsarin ajiyar ku. Kusan duk tsarin ajiya na zamani suna tallafawa PSP Round-Robin (tare da ko ba tare da ALUA, Asymmetric Logical Unit Access). Wannan manufar tana ba ku damar amfani da duk hanyoyin da ake da su zuwa tsarin ajiya. A wajen ALUA, hanyoyin da za a bi wajen mai kula da wata ne kawai ake amfani da su. Ba duk tsarin ajiya akan ESXi ba ne ke da tsoffin ƙa'idodin da suka saita manufofin Round-Robin. Idan babu ka'ida don tsarin ajiyar ku, yi amfani da plugin daga masana'anta tsarin ajiya, wanda zai haifar da madaidaicin doka akan duk runduna a cikin gungu, ko ƙirƙirar doka da kanku. Cikakkun bayanai .
Har ila yau, wasu masana'antun tsarin ajiya suna ba da shawarar canza adadin IOPS a kowace hanya daga daidaitattun ƙimar 1000 zuwa 1. A cikin aikinmu, wannan ya sa ya yiwu a "matsi" ƙarin aiki daga tsarin ajiya kuma yana rage lokacin da ake buƙata don gazawar. a yayin gazawar mai sarrafawa ko sabuntawa. Bincika shawarwarin mai siyarwa, kuma idan babu contraindications, gwada canza wannan siga. Cikakkun bayanai .
Basic inji mai kama-da-wane tsarin faifan tsarin aiki
Ana tattara ƙididdiga na ƙananan tsarin diski a cikin vCenter a cikin Datastore, Disk, ɓangarorin Disk:
sashe Ma'ajiyar bayanai akwai ma'auni na ma'ajiyar faifai vSphere (datastores) waɗanda VM disks ɗin suke. Anan zaku sami daidaitattun ƙididdiga don:
- IOPS (Matsakaicin buƙatun karantawa/rubutu a sakan daya),
- kayan aiki (Karanta/Rubuta ƙimar),
- jinkiri (Karanta/Rubuta/Mafi girman jinkiri).
A ka'ida, duk abin da ya bayyana a fili daga sunayen ƙididdiga. Bari in sake ja hankalin ku zuwa ga gaskiyar cewa ƙididdiga a nan ba don takamaiman VM ba ne (ko VM disk), amma ƙididdiga na gabaɗaya ga ma'ajiyar bayanai. A ganina, ya fi dacewa don duba waɗannan ƙididdiga a cikin ESXTOP, aƙalla dangane da gaskiyar cewa mafi ƙarancin lokacin ma'auni yana da 2 seconds.
sashe faifai akwai ma'auni akan toshe na'urorin da VM ke amfani da su. Akwai ƙididdiga don IOPS na nau'in taƙaitawa (yawan ayyukan shigarwa/fitarwa yayin lokacin awo) da ƙididdiga da yawa masu alaƙa da toshe damar shiga (An soke umarnin, sake saitin bas). A ganina, ya fi dacewa don duba wannan bayanin a cikin ESXTOP.
Sashe Virtual Disk - mafi amfani daga ra'ayi na gano matsalolin aiki na tsarin faifan VM. Anan zaka iya ganin aikin kowane faifai na kama-da-wane. Wannan bayanin ne ake buƙata don fahimtar ko takamaiman na'ura mai mahimmanci yana da matsala. Baya ga daidaitattun ƙididdiga don adadin ayyukan I / O, karantawa / rubuta ƙarar da jinkiri, wannan sashe ya ƙunshi ƙididdiga masu amfani waɗanda ke nuna girman toshe: Karanta/Rubuta girman buƙatun.
A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa akwai jadawali na aikin diski na VM, inda zaku iya ganin adadin IOPS, latency da girman toshe.
Hakanan zaka iya duba ma'aunin aiki don duk ma'ajiyar bayanai idan SIOC ta kunna. Anan akwai mahimman bayanai akan matsakaicin Latency da IOPS. Ta hanyar tsoho, ana iya ganin wannan bayanin a ainihin lokacin.
ESXTOP
ESXTOP yana da allon fuska da yawa waɗanda ke ba da bayanai akan tsarin faifan mai watsa shiri gabaɗaya, injunan kama-da-wane da faifan su.
Bari mu fara da bayanai kan injunan kama-da-wane. Ana kiran allon "Disk VM" tare da maɓallin "v":
NVDISK shine adadin faifan VM. Don duba bayani ga kowane faifai, danna "e" kuma shigar da GID na VM na sha'awa.
Ma'anar ragowar sigogi akan wannan allon a bayyane yake daga sunayensu.
Wani allo mai amfani lokacin gyara matsala shine Adaftar Disk. Ana kiranta da maɓallin “d” (an zaɓi filayen A,B,C,D,E,G a hoton da ke ƙasa):
Farashin NPTH – adadin hanyoyin zuwa wata da ake iya gani daga wannan adaftan. Don samun bayani ga kowace hanya akan adaftar, danna “e” kuma shigar da sunan adaftar:
AQLEN – matsakaicin girman jerin gwano akan adaftar.
Hakanan akan wannan allon akwai ƙididdigar jinkiri waɗanda na yi magana a sama: KAVG/cmd, GAVG/cmd, DAVG/cmd, QAVG/cmd.
Allon na'urar Disk, wanda ake kira ta danna maɓallin "u", yana ba da bayanai akan na'urorin toshe kowane mutum - watanni (filaye A, B, F, G, an zaɓi ni a hoton da ke ƙasa). Anan za ku iya ganin matsayin jerin gwano na wata.
DQLEN – Girman layi don na'urar toshe.
ACTV - adadin umarnin I/O a cikin kwayayen ESXi.
QUED – adadin umarnin I/O a cikin jerin gwano.
% USD - ACTV / DQLEN × 100%.
HADDA - (ACTV + QUED) / DQLEN.
Idan % USD yayi girma, yakamata kuyi la'akari da haɓaka jerin gwano. Yawancin umarni a cikin layi, mafi girman QAVG kuma, bisa ga haka, KAVG.
Hakanan zaka iya gani akan allon na'urar Disk ko VAAI (vStorage API don Array Integration) yana gudana akan tsarin ajiya. Don yin wannan, zaɓi filayen A da O.
Tsarin VAAI yana ba ku damar canja wurin wani ɓangare na aikin daga hypervisor kai tsaye zuwa tsarin ajiya, misali, zeroing, kwafin tubalan ko toshewa.
Kamar yadda kuke gani a hoton da ke sama, VAAI tana aiki akan wannan tsarin ajiya: Zero da ATS primitives ana amfani da su sosai.
Nasihu don inganta aiki tare da tsarin faifai akan ESXi
- Kula da girman toshe.
- Saita mafi kyawun girman layin layi akan HBA.
- Kar a manta kunna SIOC akan ma'ajin bayanai.
- Zaɓi PSP daidai da shawarwarin masana'antun tsarin ajiya.
- Tabbatar cewa VAAI yana aiki.
Labarai masu fa'ida akan batun:
source: www.habr.com