Lura. fassara: Marubucin ainihin kayan shine Henning Jacobs daga Zalando. Ya ƙirƙiri sabon haɗin yanar gizo don aiki tare da Kubernetes, wanda aka sanya shi azaman "kubectl don gidan yanar gizon." Me yasa wani sabon aikin Bude tushen ya bayyana da kuma waɗanne ka'idoji ba su cika ta hanyoyin da ake da su ba - karanta labarinsa.
A cikin wannan sakon, na sake nazarin hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo na Kubernetes, na tsara buƙatuna don UI na duniya, kuma na bayyana dalilin da yasa na haɓaka. - ƙa'idar da aka ƙera don sauƙaƙe don tallafawa da magance tari da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
Yi amfani da lokuta
A Zalando muna bauta wa ɗimbin masu amfani Kubernetes (900+) da gungu (100+). Akwai lokuta guda biyu na amfani gama gari waɗanda zasu amfana daga keɓaɓɓen kayan aikin gidan yanar gizo:
- sadarwa tare da abokan aiki don tallafi;
- amsa abubuwan da suka faru da kuma binciken musabbabin su.
goyon bayan
A cikin gwaninta na, sadarwar tallafi sau da yawa yayi kama da haka:
- Taimako, babu sabis ɗinmu XYZ!
- Me kuke gani lokacin da kuke yi kubectl describe ingress ...?
Ko wani abu makamancin haka na CRD:
- Ina da matsala tare da sabis na tantancewa...
- Menene umarnin ya haifar? kubectl describe platformcredentialsset ...?
Irin wannan sadarwar yawanci tana zuwa ƙasa don shigar da nau'ikan umarni daban-daban kubectl domin gano matsalar. A sakamakon haka, an tilasta wa ɓangarorin biyu da ke tattaunawar su canza tsakanin tasha da taɗi na yanar gizo, tare da lura da wani yanayi na daban.
Don haka, Ina son gaban gidan yanar gizo na Kubernetes ya ba da izinin mai zuwa:
- masu amfani iya musayar hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa kuma ku kiyaye abu guda;
- zai taimaka kauce wa kuskuren mutane a cikin goyan baya: misali, shiga cikin gungu mara kyau akan layin umarni, buga rubutu a cikin umarnin CLI, da sauransu;
- zai yarda samar da naku ra'ayoyin aika zuwa abokan aiki, wato, ƙara ginshiƙan tags, nuna nau'ikan albarkatun da yawa a shafi ɗaya;
- Da kyau, wannan kayan aikin yanar gizon yakamata ya ba ku damar saitawa "zurfafa" hanyoyin haɗin kai zuwa takamaiman sassan YAML (misali, nuna ma'aunin da ba daidai ba wanda ke haifar da gazawa).
Amsa da bincike na faruwa
Amsa ga abubuwan da suka faru na ababen more rayuwa na buƙatar sanin halin da ake ciki, da ikon tantance tasiri, da neman tsari a cikin gungu. Wasu misalan rayuwa na gaske:
- Sabis na samarwa mai mahimmanci yana samun matsaloli kuma kuna buƙatar nemo duk albarkatun Kubernetes da suna a cikin duk gungudon magance matsala;
- nodes fara faɗuwa lokacin da ake yin ƙima kuma kuna buƙata nemo duk kwas ɗin da ke da matsayi "Pending" a cikin duk gungudon tantance iyakar matsalar;
- masu amfani guda ɗaya suna ba da rahoton matsala tare da DaemonSet da aka tura a cikin duk gungu kuma suna buƙatar ganowa Matsalar duka ce?.
Maganina daidai yake a irin waɗannan lokuta wani abu ne kamar for i in $clusters; do kubectl ...; done. Babu shakka, ana iya ƙirƙirar kayan aiki wanda ke ba da irin wannan damar.
Abubuwan mu'amalar yanar gizo na Kubernetes
Duniyar buɗe tushen hanyoyin mu'amalar yanar gizo zuwa Kubernetes ba ta da girma sosai*, don haka na yi ƙoƙarin tattara ƙarin bayani ta amfani da :
* Bayani na don iyakance adadin musaya na yanar gizo don Kubernetes: sabis na girgije da masu siyar da Kubernetes yawanci suna ba da nasu gaba, don haka kasuwa don "kyakkyawan" Kubernetes UI kyauta yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.
Ta hanyar tweet na koya game da shi , и . Bari mu duba su da sauran abubuwan da ke akwai na Open Source, bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimci menene.
K8 dash
"K8Dash ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi don sarrafa tarin Kubernetes."
Yana da kyau kuma yana jin sauri, amma yana da ɗimbin rashin amfani ga shari'o'in amfani da aka jera a sama:
- Yana aiki kawai a cikin iyakokin tari ɗaya.
- Ana iya rarrabewa da tacewa, amma ba su da madaidaitan ma'amala.
- Babu wani tallafi don Ma'anar Ma'anar Albarkatun Al'ada (CRDs).
Kubernator
"Kubernator madadin UI ne na Kubernetes. Ba kamar babban matakin Kubernetes Dashboard ba, yana ba da ƙarancin kulawa da kyakkyawan gani a cikin duk abubuwan da ke cikin gungu tare da ikon ƙirƙirar sababbi, gyara su, da warware rikice-rikice. Kasancewa gabaɗayan aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki gaba ɗaya (kamar kubectl), baya buƙatar kowane abin baya baya ga uwar garken API ɗin Kubernetes kanta, kuma yana mutunta ka'idodin samun damar tari."
Wannan kyakkyawan kwatanci ne . Abin takaici, ba shi da wasu fasali:
- Yana hidima tari ɗaya kawai.
- Babu yanayin duba jeri (watau, ba za ka iya nuna duk kwasfan fayiloli tare da matsayin "Pending") ba.
Kubernetes Dashboard
"Kubernetes Dashboard babban haɗin yanar gizo ne na duniya don gungu na Kubernetes. Yana ba masu amfani damar sarrafawa da magance aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a cikin gungu, da kuma sarrafa tarin kanta. "
Abin takaici, baya taimaka da gaske tare da tallafi na da ayyukan mayar da martani saboda hakan:
- babu hanyoyin haɗin kai na dindindin, misali lokacin da na tace albarkatun ko canza tsari;
- babu wata hanya mai sauƙi don tace ta matsayi - alal misali, duba duk kwas ɗin da ke da matsayi "A jiran";
- gungu ɗaya ne kawai ake tallafawa;
- Ba a tallafawa CRDs (wannan fasalin yana ƙarƙashin haɓakawa);
- babu ginshiƙai na al'ada (kamar ginshiƙan da aka yiwa lakabi da nau'in
kubectl -L).
Kubernetes View Operational View (kube-ops-view)
"Mai duba Dashboard System don K8s Cluster Space."
У Hannun hanya daban-daban: wannan kayan aikin yana nuna nodes ɗin tari da kwas ɗin ta amfani da WebGL, ba tare da cikakkun bayanai na rubutu ba. Yana da kyau ga saurin bayyani game da lafiyar tari (suna faɗuwa?)*, amma bai dace da lamunin amfani da martani da tallafi da abin ya faru da aka kwatanta a sama ba.
* Lura. fassara: A wannan ma'anar, kuna iya sha'awar plugin ɗin mu , wanda muka yi magana dalla-dalla a ciki .
Rahoton Albarkatun Kubernetes (rahoton kube-resource-report)
"Kaddamar da buƙatun albarkatu na gungu na Kubernetes, kwatanta su da amfani da albarkatu, da samar da tsayayyen HTML."
yana haifar da madaidaitan rahotannin HTML akan amfani da albarkatu da rarraba farashi a cikin ƙungiyoyi/ aikace-aikace a cikin gungu. Rahoton yana da ɗan fa'ida don goyan baya da martani saboda yana ba ku damar gano gungu da sauri inda aka tura aikace-aikacen.
Lura. fassara: Sabis da kayan aiki na iya zama da amfani wajen duba bayanai game da rabon albarkatun da farashin su a tsakanin masu samar da girgije , wanda muke bitar .
Octant
"Tsarin dandali na gidan yanar gizon masu haɓakawa da aka tsara don samar da ƙarin fahimta game da rikitattun gungu na Kubernetes."
, wanda VMware ya ƙirƙira, sabon samfur ne wanda na koya game da shi kwanan nan. Tare da taimakonsa, yana dacewa don bincika gungu akan na'ura na gida (akwai ma abubuwan gani), amma yana magance batutuwan tallafi da amsawar lamarin kawai zuwa iyakacin iyaka. Rashin amfani na Octant:
- Babu binciken tari.
- Yana aiki kawai akan na'ura na gida (ba ya tura zuwa gungu).
- Ba za a iya ware/tace abubuwa (mai zaɓin lakabi kawai yana da goyan baya).
- Ba za ku iya ƙayyade ginshiƙai na al'ada ba.
- Ba za ku iya lissafin abubuwa ta sararin suna ba.
Na kuma sami matsaloli tare da kwanciyar hankali na Octant tare da gungu na Zalando: akan wasu CRDs .
Gabatar da Kubernetes View Web View
"kubectl don yanar gizo".
Bayan nazarin zaɓuɓɓukan mu'amala da ke akwai don Kubernetes, na yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar sabo: . Bayan haka, a gaskiya, ina buƙatar duk iko kawai kubectl a yanar gizo, wato:
- kasancewar duk ayyukan (karanta-kawai) waɗanda masu amfani suka fi son amfani da kubectl;
- duk URLs dole ne su kasance na dindindin kuma su wakilci shafin a cikin asalin sa don abokan aiki su iya raba su da amfani da su a wasu kayan aikin;
- goyon baya ga duk abubuwan Kubernetes, wanda zai ba ku damar magance kowace irin matsala;
- Ya kamata a zazzage jerin abubuwan albarkatu don ƙarin aiki (a cikin falle, kayan aikin CLI kamar
grep) da kuma ajiya (misali, don mutuwar bayan mutuwa); - goyan baya don zaɓar albarkatu ta lakabin (kama da
kubectl get .. -l); - ikon ƙirƙirar jerin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na nau'ikan albarkatu daban-daban (kamar
kubectl get all) don samun hoto na gama gari tsakanin abokan aiki (misali, yayin amsawar wani lamari); - da ikon ƙara al'ada mai zurfi zurfin hanyoyin zuwa wasu kayan aikin kamar dashboards, loggers, aikace-aikace rajistar, da dai sauransu. don sauƙaƙe matsala / warware kurakurai da amsa abubuwan da suka faru;
- Gaban gaba ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu (tsaftataccen HTML) don guje wa matsalolin bazuwar, kamar JavaScript daskararre;
- tallafi ga gungu da yawa don sauƙaƙe hulɗa yayin tuntuɓar nesa (misali, don tunawa URL ɗaya kawai);
- Idan za ta yiwu, ya kamata a sauƙaƙe nazarin yanayi (misali, tare da hanyoyin haɗi don zazzage albarkatu don duk gungu / wuraren suna);
- ƙarin damar don ƙirƙirar hanyoyin haɗin kai masu sassauƙa da nuna bayanan rubutu, alal misali, don ku iya nuna abokan aiki zuwa takamaiman sashe a cikin bayanin albarkatun (layi a cikin YAML);
- ikon keɓancewa ga bukatun takamaiman abokin ciniki, alal misali, ba ku damar ƙirƙirar samfuran nuni na musamman don CRDs, ra'ayoyin teburin ku, da canza salon CSS;
- kayan aikin don ƙarin bincike akan layin umarni (misali, nuna cikakkun umarni
kubectl, shirye don kwafi);
Bayan ayyukan da aka warware a Kubernetes Web View (ba manufa) ya rage:
- abstraction na abubuwan Kubernetes;
- sarrafa aikace-aikacen (misali, sarrafa turawa, jadawalin Helm, da sauransu);
- rubuta ayyukan (dole ne a yi ta hanyar amintattun CI / CD da / ko kayan aikin GitOps);
- kyakkyawar dubawa (JavaScript, jigogi, da sauransu);
- gani (duba );
- nazarin farashi (duba ).
Ta yaya Duba Yanar Gizon Kubernetes ke taimakawa tare da goyan baya da amsawa?
goyon bayan
- Duk hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na dindindin ne, wanda ke sauƙaƙa musayar bayanai tare da abokan aiki.
- Kuna iya ƙirƙirar ra'ayoyin ku, alal misali, nuna duk Ƙaddamarwa da Pods tare da takamaiman tambari a cikin takamaiman gungu guda biyu (ana iya ƙayyade sunayen gungu da nau'ikan kayan aiki a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwa, rabu da waƙafi).
- Kuna iya komawa zuwa takamaiman layi a cikin fayil ɗin YAML abu, yana nuna yuwuwar matsaloli a cikin ƙayyadaddun abu.
Bincika ta gungu a cikin Kubernetes View Web View
Martanin Lamarin
- Binciken duniya (binciken duniya) yana ba ku damar bincika abubuwa a cikin duk gungu.
- Jerin Ra'ayoyin zai iya nuna duk abubuwa tare da takamaiman jiha/shafi a cikin duk gungu (misali, muna buƙatar nemo duk kwas ɗin da ke da matsayi "Pending").
- Ana iya sauke jerin abubuwa a cikin ma'aunin ƙimar tab (TSV) don bincike na gaba.
- Yana ba ku damar canzawa zuwa dashboards masu alaƙa da sauran kayan aikin.
Duban Yanar Gizo na Kubernetes: jerin kwasfan fayiloli tare da matsayi "Pending" a cikin duk gungu
Idan kuna son gwada Kubernetes Web View, Ina ba da shawarar dubawa ko duba .
Tabbas, haɗin yanar gizon zai iya zama mafi kyau, amma a yanzu Kubernetes Web View kayan aiki ne don "masu amfani da ci gaba" waɗanda ba sa jin kunya daga sarrafa hanyoyin URL da hannu idan ya cancanta. Idan kuna da wasu sharhi/ƙari/shawarwari, tuntuɓi !
Wannan labarin shine taƙaitaccen tarihin baya wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Kubernetes View Web View. Ƙari zai biyo baya! (Lura. fassara: Ya kamata a sa ran su a ciki .)
PS daga mai fassara
Karanta kuma a kan shafinmu:
- «";
- «";
- «";
- «".
source: www.habr.com