Taken wannan labarin shine haɗa na'urorin waje zuwa Mac ta hanyar SAS, Fiber Channel (FC), musaya na eSATA. Bari mu ce nan da nan don magance matsalar shiga irin waɗannan na'urori, akwai hanya ga mutum mai lafiya: gina PC mai arha, toshe katin HBA SAS ko FC mai kula da katin (misali, adaftar LSI mai sauƙi), haɗa na'urorin ku zuwa. wannan mai sarrafa, shigar da kowane Linux akan PC kuma yayi aiki daga Mac ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa. Amma wannan banal ne kuma mara sha'awa. Za mu bi hanyar hardcore kuma mu haɗa na'urorin mu kai tsaye ku Mac.
Abin da muke bukata don wannan:
- adadin kuɗi mai kyau don siyan sabbin kayan aiki, ko sa'a a cikin gwanjon kan eBay (inda, tare da ɗan ƙoƙari, zaku iya siyan kayan aikin da ake buƙata na al'ummomin da suka gabata sau 10 mai rahusa fiye da farashin jerin);
- Wannan labarin.
Don yin aiki da tef ɗin maganadisu (yanzu kusan ana wakilta a duniya a cikin tsarin LTO), dole ne ku sami faifan tef ɗin LTO (streamer) ko ɗakin karatu na tef. Wannan na'urar mai tsada ce don siyan farko (daga ɗaruruwan dubunnan rubles), amma ƙimar kuɗi mai ma'ana lokacin siyan amfani. Tunda tsararrun LTO suna canzawa kusan kowace shekara biyu, kuma dacewa yana iyakance ga tsararraki biyu, kasuwar sakandare ta cika da kayan aikin da za'a iya aiki shekaru hudu ko sama da haka, watau. tsara kafin karshe da kuma bayan. Idan kun sayi sabuwar na'ura don dalilai na kasuwanci, to ku da kanku kun fahimci dalilin da yasa kuke buƙatar ta. Idan kana so ka saya don gidanka da iyalinka, zaka iya la'akari da wannan zaɓi a matsayin hanya don adana bayanai (tun da kafofin watsa labaru da kansu suna da arha a kowace gigabyte 1).
An fara daga ƙarni na LTO-5 (kuma wani ɓangare na LTO-4), na'urorin da ke aiki tare da tef ɗin maganadisu ana haɗa su a cikin hardware zuwa kwamfuta ta hanyar haɗin SAS ko FC (yawanci akwai nau'ikan kowace na'ura biyu)
A gefe guda, Apple da kirki yana ba mu kebul na USB-C a cikin Mac ɗinmu (aiki ta amfani da kebul, Thunderbolt 3 ko ka'idojin DisplayPort), wani lokacin madaidaicin Ethernet, da Thunderbolt 3 - Thunderbolt 2 da Thunderbolt - FireWire 800. adaftan.
Tashin hankali? Ba da gaske ba. Abin farin ciki, Thunderbolt na iya aiki a yanayin PCIe kuma ya ba da damar haɗa katunan PCIe kamar yadda idan an shigar da su kai tsaye a cikin akwati na kwamfuta. Saboda wannan, duk wani fadada na Mac hardware sanyi zai yiwu, muddin akwai dace adaftan da direbobi.
A zahiri, hanya mafi sauƙi don magance matsalar ita ce akwatin waje don adaftar PCIe tare da ƙirar Thunderbolt (tsarin fadada katin PCIe), wanda zaku iya shigar da adaftar bas na SAS ko FC Mai watsa shiri (HBA). Misali, irin wadannan akwatunan kamfanin ne ke samar da su da wasu. Akwai gargaɗi a nan: ba kowane mai sarrafawa zai yi mana aiki ba, sai waɗanda ke da direba don macOSAkwai ƙalilan irin waɗannan allon, kuma waɗanda suka fi arha kuma mafi shahara (misali, LSI iri ɗaya) ba sa cikin su. Abin farin ciki, Sonnet ya ɗauki matsala wajen tattarawa. Katin PCIe tare da OS daban-daban ta hanyar Thunderbolt interface.
Wani bayani shine siyan shirye-shiryen Thunderbolt - SAS ko Thunderbolt - FC mai canzawa, wanda, a gaskiya, taron da aka shirya na akwati da mai sarrafawa. Kamfanin da ya fi shahara a wannan yanki , amma akwai kuma samfurori daga wasu kamfanoni.
Lura cewa ba duk masu kula da SAS da FC ba ne ke da takardar shedar yin aiki da ƙa'idar LTO, tunda wannan a kansa yana kashe kuɗi. Wasu masana'antun suna rubuta kai tsaye cewa ba a tsara masu sarrafa su don yin aiki da faifan tef ba.
Don kammala hoton, mun lura cewa mLogic yana samarwa , wanda shine IBM LTO-8 drive a cikin akwati na waje, wanda aka haɗa SAS zuwa Thunderbolt 3 Converter nan da nan. Ina shakka cewa wannan na'urar za a iya shigo da ita ta hanyar doka ta hanyar doka (Tsarin LTO ya ƙunshi fasalulluka na sirri, kuma masana'antun irin su IBM da HP suna karɓar izinin shigo da FSB don kowane samfurin saboda wannan dalili).
Na gaba, za mu yi la'akari, a matsayin misali, wani takamaiman kayan aiki, wanda marubucin wanda marubucin ya zama sakamakon sakamakon da aka samu da dama, amma ya kamata a kiyaye ka'idar gaba ɗaya don duk zaɓuɓɓuka.
Don haka muna da kayan aiki masu zuwa don aiki tare da tef:
– Kwamfutar Apple Mac mini 2018 tare da macOS 10.15 Catalina, wanda ke da tashoshin USB-C tare da tallafin Thunderbolt 3;
- Apple Thunderbolt 3 / Thunderbolt 2 adaftar;
- Apple Thunderbolt 2 na USB;
- ATTO ThunderLink SH 1068 mai canzawa (2 * Thunderbolt / 2 * SAS-2);
SAS na USB SFF-8088 - SFF-8088;
Tef drive LTO-5 IBM TS2350;
– LTO-5 harsashi, tsaftacewa harsashi.
Yanzu, kamar yadda suke faɗa, tare da duk waɗannan abubuwan za mu yi ƙoƙarin cirewa.
Muna zazzage daga gidan yanar gizon ATTO sabon sigar direban ThunderLink SH 1068 (a fili, don dacewarmu, an haɗa shi tare da direban SH 2068 kuma yana cikin sashe na 2068, wanda aka rubuta kawai a cikin tarihin tare da direba) da ATTO daidaitawar mai amfani.
Direba, ba shakka, yana buƙatar shigarwa. Kafin irin waɗannan ayyukan, marubucin ya ba da shawarar ɗaukar hoto koyaushe na tsarin fayil ɗin APFS na faifan taya tare da umarnin.
tmutil localsnapshotko kwafin faifan taya, idan yana da HFS+. Ba ku taɓa sani ba. Sa'an nan zai zama da sauƙi a mirgina baya daga hoton.
Na gaba, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma’aikata ta haƙaƙa, ba shakka za ta kasance da sha’awar karanta umarnin shigarwar direban ATTO a hankali kuma ya bi su. A sakamakon haka - tadam! - muna samun tsarin aiki wanda ke rataye a matakin lodawa. Anan muna iya buƙatar hoton hoto wanda za mu iya murmurewa ta hanyar kiran injin Time daga sashin dawo da, ko kuma daga sashin dawo da wannan da hannu za mu iya goge kext mara lafiya da hannu daga kundin bayanan kari na kwaya (marubuci gabaɗaya baya bada shawarar yin wannan).
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Domin Apple ya kula da mu. A cikin sabbin sigar macOS Ba za ka iya kawai saka lambar waje a cikin tsarin boot ɗin ba. Masu kirki na Apple sun toshe wannan ɗabi'ar da ke lalata tsarin. Mafi daidai, sun toshe shi a tsakiyar hanya: lokacin da aka yi wa direban allurar riga, amma direban da kansa bai yi ba, komai yana rataye.
Me ya kamata mai kwarjini ya yi kafin ya sanya direba? Da farko, ba da umarni:
csrutil statusIdan a mayar da martani ga shi muna samun:
Matsayin Kariyar Mutuncin Tsari: kunna.
to wannan yana nufin cewa masu shirye-shiryen Apple masu kyau sun damu da mu, don haka babu abin da zai yi mana aiki har sai mun kashe kariya mai ban mamaki. Don yin wannan, sake kunnawa zuwa ɓangaren dawowa (⌘R), kira tashar kuma ba da umarni:
csrutil disableBayan haka, muna sake kunnawa a cikin tsarin aiki, sannan kawai shigar da direba, kuma a lokaci guda ATTO daidaitawar mai amfani (a ƙa'idar, ana buƙatar mai amfani da sanyi kawai don bincikar cutar kuma ba a buƙata a lokacin aiki na yau da kullun). Tare da hanya, lokacin da aka tambaye mu, muna tabbatar da izinin ATTO a cikin saitunan tsarin. Bayan shigarwa, za ka iya sake yin aiki a cikin ɓangaren farfadowa kuma ba da umarni
csrutil enableApple yana kula da mu kuma.
Yanzu muna da abin dubawa mai goyan bayan direba zuwa na'urorin SAS na waje (ko FC, idan an yi amfani da mai sauya FC). Amma yadda za a yi aiki tare da tef a matakin ma'ana?
Kamar yadda mai hankali amma mai hankali ya sani, duk wani tsarin da ya dace da Unix yana goyan bayan faifan tef a matakin kernel da kayan masarufi, waɗanda da farko sun haɗa da mt ( sarrafa tef) da tar (archiver wanda ke goyan bayan aiki tare da rumbun adana bayanai akan tef). Duk da haka, me mai nagartaccen tunani zai iya cewa game da wannan? Duk wani tsarin da ya dace da Unix, Bayan haka macOS. Apple ya kula da mu ta hanyar cire tallafi don na'urorin tef daga lambar sa.
Amma shin da gaske ba zai yiwu a dawo da wannan lambar ta hanyar jigilar kayan aikin Unix na yau da kullun zuwa ga macOSLabari mai daɗi shine Tolis (wanda ba zan haɗa shi ba) ya riga ya yi wannan a cikin samfurin Tolis Tape Tools. Labari mara daɗi shine kamfanin yana cajin $399 don amfani da aikinsa. Kiyasin wannan na iya bambanta, amma marubucin da kansa bai shirya biyan wani $400 don lambar da wasu mutane suka rubuta ba kuma an fara amfani da ita tun shekarun 1970, don haka marubucin yana ganin wannan batun ya ƙare. (Af, akwai wani aikin buɗe tushen da aka yi watsi da shi kuma ba a san shi ba a GitHub.) akan wannan batu).
Abin farin ciki, akwai IBM, wani kamfani wanda sha'awarsa ta kasuwanci ta bambanta sosai, don haka ba ya bayyana a cikin ƙananan al'amura. Musamman ma, ya ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil ɗin LTFS mai buɗewa, wanda ake rarrabawa, da sauransu, don macOS.
Abin lura anan shine masana'antun na'urar tef daban-daban suna fitar da nau'ikan nasu na LTFS don tallafawa na'urorinsu. Tunda marubucin yana amfani da faifan kaset na IBM, ya sanya LTFS daga IBM. Motoci na ɓangare na uku na iya buƙatar tashoshin LTFS nasu. Kuma akwai aiwatar da buɗe LTFS na duniya akan Github da Homebrew.
Yana da mahimmanci a gare mu cewa LTFS yana amfani da aikin rarrabawar watsa labaru, sabili da haka zai iya aiki tare da na'urori da harsashi da suka fara daga tsarar LTO-5.
Don haka, a yanayinmu, muna sauke samfurin IBM Spectrum Archive Single Drive Edition daga gidan yanar gizon IBM macOS, wanda ya haɗa da aiwatar da LTFS. Muna shigar da samfurin ba tare da wata matsala ba ta amfani da mai saka nasa. A kan hanya, yana shigar da fakitin FUSE, kodayake za ku tabbatar da izinin wani mai shirye-shirye mai wayo mai suna Anatol Pomozov a cikin saitunan tsarin, wanda, a wannan yanayin, tsarin IBM gaba ɗaya ya dogara da shi. Girmamawa da sha'awa ga wannan mutumin.
Yana da kyau a rubuta layin nan da nan a cikin fayil /Library/Frameworks/LTFS.framework/versions/Current/etc/ltfs.conf.local:
zaɓi guda-drive sync_type=time@1
wanda ke fayyace cewa an saka tef ɗin ta tsohuwa kuma an sake saita buffer ɗin rikodi bayan minti 1 na rashin aiki (tsohon mintuna 5 ne).
A ƙarshe, komai yana shirye don haɗi. Mun haɗa da sarkar: Mac - T3 / T2 adaftan - Thunderbolt USB - ATTO Converter - SAS USB - tef drive (zabin da dama mashigai a kan Mac, Converter da drive ba shi da muhimmanci). Kunna ikon mai canzawa. Kunna wuta zuwa tef ɗin. Muna jira tuƙi don kammala farawa bisa ga nuni.
Muna ba da umarni:
ltfs -o device_listHooray! Muna samun (a cikin tsarin bincike na IBM na yau da kullun):
307 LTFS14000I LTFS farawa, LTFS version 2.4.2.0 (10418), log level 2.
307 LTFS14058I LTFS Tsare-tsare Tsare-tsare 2.4.0.
307 LTFS14104I An ƙaddamar da shi ta "ltfs -o device_list".
307 LTFS14105I Wannan binary an gina shi don Mac OS X.
307 LTFS14106I GCC version ne 4.2.1 Mai jituwa Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66)).
307 LTFS17087I Sigar Kernel: Darwin Kernel Shafin 19.4.0: Laraba Maris 4 22:28:40 PST 2020; tushen: xnu-6153.101.6 ~ 15/RELEASE_X86_64.
307 LTFS17085I Plugin: Load "iokit" tef baya.
Jerin Na'urar Tef:.
Sunan na'ura = 0, ID mai siyarwa = IBM, ID na samfur = ULT3580-TD5, Serial Number = **********, Sunan samfur = [ULT3580-TD5].
Saka kaset ɗin, jira ya yi lodi kuma ya tsara shi:
mkltfs -d 0 -nTest -r "size=10M/name=.DS_Store"Anan ma'aunin -d yana ƙayyadadden lambar tuƙi (koyaushe sifili idan ita kaɗai ce, amma ba za a iya cire shi a cikin wannan umarni ba), -n shine sunan tef (za ku iya tsallake shi), kuma ma'aunin -r yana buƙatar sanya abubuwan da ke ciki. na .DS_Store ba su wuce girman megabyte 10 ba, a cikin index (wato, da aka yi nufin kundayen adireshi) na tef maimakon sashin bayanai.
Rayuwa mai ban mamaki ta fara a cikin tef ɗin. Muna jiran mintuna biyu kuma mu sami amsa mai zuwa:
LTFS15000I Fara mkltfs, LTFS version 2.4.2.0 (10418), log level 2.
An ƙaddamar da LTFS15041I ta "mkltfs -d 0 -nTest -r size=10M/name=.DS_Store".
LTFS15042I Wannan binary an gina shi don Mac OS X.
LTFS15043I GCC version ne 4.2.1 Mai jituwa Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66)).
LTFS17087I Sigar Kernel: Darwin Kernel Shafin 19.4.0: Laraba Maris 4 22:28:40 PST 2020; tushen: xnu-6153.101.6 ~ 15/RELEASE_X86_64.
LTFS15003I Tsarin Na'urar '0'.
LTFS15004I LTFS girma toshe: 524288.
LTFS15005I Manufofin saka hannun jari na Index: girman=10M/suna=.DS_Store.LTFS11337I Sabunta tuta mai datti (1) - NO_BARCODE (0x0x1021081e0).
LTFS17085I Plugin: Load "iokit" tef baya.
LTFS30810I Buɗe na'ura ta direban iokit (0).
LTFS30814I ID mai siyarwa shine IBM.
LTFS30815I Samfurin ID shine 'ULT3580-TD5'.
LTFS30816I Firmware bita shine H976.
LTFS30817I Drive serial shine **********.
LTFS17160I Matsakaicin girman toshe na'urar shine 1048576.
Saukewa: LTFS11330I.
LTFS30854I Kariyar toshe ma'ana an kashe.
LTFS11332I Load yayi nasara.
LTFS17157I Canza saitin tuƙi zuwa yanayin rubutu-ko'ina.
LTFS15049I Duba matsakaici ( Dutsen).
LTFS30854I Kariyar toshe ma'ana an kashe.
LTFS15010I Ƙirƙirar ɓangaren bayanai b akan ɓangaren SCSI 1.
LTFS15011I Ƙirƙirar ɓangaren fihirisar a kan ɓangaren SCSI 0.
LTFS17165I Sake saita matsakaicin iya aiki.
LTFS11097I Rarraba matsakaici.
LTFS11100I Rubutun lakabin zuwa bangare b.
LTFS11278I Rubutun fihirisar zuwa bangare b.
LTFS30808I READ_ATTR (0x8c) ya dawo -20501.
LTFS30865I READ_ATTR ya dawo da filin mara inganci a cikin CDB (-20501) 0.
LTFS30836I Ba a iya karanta sifa (-20501).
LTFS11336I Siffar ba ta wanzu. Yi watsi da kuskuren da ake tsammani.
LTFS17235I Rubutun NO_BARCODE zuwa b (Dalilin: Tsarin, fayilolin 0) **********.
LTFS17236I Rubutun NO_BARCODE (b, **********).
LTFS11337I Sabunta tuta mai datti (0) - NO_BARCODE (0x0x1021081e0).
LTFS11100I Rubutun lakabin zuwa bangare a.
LTFS11278I Rubuce-rubucen fihirisar zuwa bangare a.
LTFS30808I READ_ATTR (0x8c) ya dawo -20501.
LTFS30865I READ_ATTR ya dawo da filin mara inganci a cikin CDB (-20501) 0.
LTFS30836I Ba a iya karanta sifa (-20501).
LTFS11336I Siffar ba ta wanzu. Yi watsi da kuskuren da ake tsammani.
LTFS17235I Rubutun NO_BARCODE zuwa (Dalilin: Tsarin, fayilolin 0) 9068025555.
LTFS17236I ya rubuta fihirisar NO_BARCODE (a, **********).
LTFS15013I Volume UUID is: 3802a70d-bd9f-47a6-a999-eb74ffa67fc1.LTFS15019I Volume iya aiki ne 1425 GB.
LTFS30854I Kariyar toshe ma'ana an kashe.
Matsakaicin LTFS15024I an tsara shi cikin nasara.
Haɗa kaset ɗin da aka tsara:
sudo mkdir /Volumes/LTFS
sudo chmod 777 /Volumes/LTFS/
sudo ltfs /Volumes/LTFSMuna samun ƙarin mintuna biyu na aikin tuƙi da bincike:
307 LTFS14000I LTFS farawa, LTFS version 2.4.2.0 (10418), log level 2.
307 LTFS14058I LTFS Tsare-tsare Tsare-tsare 2.4.0.
307 LTFS14104I An ƙaddamar da shi ta "ltfs / Volumes/LTFS/".
307 LTFS14105I Wannan binary an gina shi don Mac OS X.
307 LTFS14106I GCC version ne 4.2.1 Mai jituwa Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66)).
307 LTFS17087I Sigar Kernel: Darwin Kernel Shafin 19.4.0: Laraba Maris 4 22:28:40 PST 2020; tushen: xnu-6153.101.6 ~ 15/RELEASE_X86_64.
307 LTFS14063I nau'in Sync shine "lokaci", lokacin daidaitawa shine 60 seconds.
307 LTFS17085I Plugin: Load "iokit" tef baya.
307 LTFS17085I Plugin: Load "haɗin kai" iosched backend.
307 LTFS14095I Saita na'urar rubuta-ko'ina yanayin don guje wa fitar da harsashi.
307 LTFS30810I Buɗe na'ura ta direban iokit (0).
307 LTFS30814I ID mai siyarwa shine IBM.
307 LTFS30815I Samfurin ID shine 'ULT3580-TD5'.
307 LTFS30816I Firmware bita shine H976.
307 LTFS30817I Drive serial shine **********.
307 LTFS17160I Matsakaicin girman toshe na'urar shine 1048576.
307 LTFS11330I Loading harsashi.
307 LTFS30854I Kariyar toshe ma'ana an kashe.
307 LTFS11332I Load yayi nasara.
307 LTFS17157I Canza saitin tuƙi zuwa yanayin rubutu-ko'ina.
307 LTFS11005I Haɗa ƙarar.
307 LTFS30854I Kariyar toshe ma'ana an kashe.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Mai siyarwa = IBM.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Sunan Aikace-aikacen = LTFS.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Siffar Aikace-aikacen = 2.4.2.0.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Matsakaici Label =.
307 LTFS17228I Siffar Tef: Rubutun Ƙirar Ƙaƙwalwa = 0x81.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Barcode =.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Tsarin Tsarin Aikace-aikacen = 2.4.0.
307 LTFS17228I Tape sifa: Matsayin Kulle ƙarar = 0x00.
307 LTFS17227I Tape sifa: Media Pool sunan =.
307 LTFS14111I Saitin farko ya kammala cikin nasara.
307 LTFS14112I Kira umarnin 'Mount' don bincika sakamakon saitin ƙarshe.
307 LTFS14113I An jera takamaiman wurin dutse idan an yi nasara.
Kuma a nan shi ne, ribbon mu a kan tebur, mai suna Test(ltfs)! Tef ɗin da ba a bayyana sunansa ba za a kira shi OSXFUSE Volume 0 (ltfs).
Yanzu zaku iya aiki da shi.
Gabaɗaya, kuna buƙatar ku tuna cewa yana da kyau kada ku wuce gona da iri don kallon abubuwan da ke cikin kundayen adireshi a cikin windows masu nema, tunda wannan aiki ne mai tsada mai tsada ga LTFS, amma yana da kyau a yi aiki tare da umarnin tashar, ko kuma sake saitawa kawai. da madadin directory a girma zuwa tef, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin taga a sama.
Af, akwai na musamman da aka rubuta IBM utility ltfs_copy da clones, wanda aka tsara don mafi inganci kwafi tsakanin tef da faifai, amma har yanzu marubucin ya kasa samun su a cikin jama'a tare da bincike na sama.
Kuna iya cire tef ɗin tare da umarni:
umount /Volumes/LTFSko kuma jefa shi cikin shara.
A zahiri, akwai wasu siffofi masu ban sha'awa don zane-zane macOS domin sauƙaƙa waɗannan ayyuka, amma bayan irin waɗannan ɓarna, ya kamata mu ji tsoron rubuta wasu layuka a cikin tashar?
A matsayin sakamako na gefe, muna samun damar haɗa abubuwan tafiyar eSATA na waje ta hanyar kebul na SAS/4 * eSATA.
source: www.habr.com
