Mun sami cikakken bita daga ɗaya daga cikin masu amfani da OS ɗinmu, wanda muke so mu raba tare da ku.
Astra Linux asalin Debian ne wanda aka ƙirƙira a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin sauya software na kyauta na Rasha. Akwai nau'ikan Astra Linux da yawa, ɗayan waɗanda aka yi niyya don gama-gari, amfanin yau da kullun - Astra Linux “Eagle” Common Edition. OS na Rasha don kowa yana da ban sha'awa ta ma'anar, kuma ina so in yi magana game da Orel daga hangen mutumin da ke amfani da tsarin aiki guda uku a kowace rana (Windows 10, Mac OS High Sierra da Fedora) kuma ya kasance da aminci ga Ubuntu na ƙarshe. shekaru 13. Dangane da wannan ƙwarewar, zan sake nazarin tsarin daga ra'ayi na shigarwa, musaya, software, fasali na asali don masu haɓakawa da kuma dacewa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Ta yaya Astra Linux zai yi idan aka kwatanta da mafi yawan tsarin gama gari? Kuma zai iya maye gurbin Windows a gida?
Shigar Astra Linux
Mai sakawa Astra Linux yayi kama da mai sakawa Debian. Wataƙila na farko ya fi sauƙi, tun da yawancin sigogi an gyara su ta hanyar tsoho. Dukkanin yana farawa da yarjejeniyar lasisi gabaɗaya a kan bangon gine-ginen da ba su da tsayi sosai. Wataƙila har ma a Orel.
Wani muhimmin batu a cikin shigarwa shine zaɓin software wanda ya zo tare da tsarin ta tsohuwa. Zaɓuɓɓukan da ke akwai sun ƙunshi daidaitaccen ofishi da buƙatun aiki (na "masu haɓakawa").
Har ila yau, taga na ƙarshe shine ƙarin saitin saiti: toshe masu fassara, consoles, ganowa, saita bit ɗin kisa, da sauransu. Idan waɗannan kalmomin ba su gaya muku komai ba, yana da kyau kada ku yi alama a ko'ina. Bugu da ƙari, duk wannan, idan ya cancanta, za a iya daidaita su daga baya.
An sanya tsarin a cikin yanayi mai kama-da-wane tare da ƙananan albarkatu (dangane da tsarin zamani). Babu korafe-korafe game da sauri da aiki. An kwatanta tsarin da aka yi gwajin a ƙasa.
Hanyar shigarwa yana da sauƙi: hawa , shigar ta hanyar daidaitaccen tsarin shigarwa na tsarin kuma ƙone GRUB bootloader.
Tsarin ba ya buƙatar albarkatu a taya - kusan 250-300 MB na RAM a farawa don yanayin tebur.
Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙaddamar da madadin: kwamfutar hannu da yanayin waya
Lokacin da ka shiga, za ka iya zaɓar daga zaɓuɓɓukan ƙaddamarwa da yawa: amintacce, tebur, wayar hannu, ko kwamfutar hannu.
Kuna iya kunna madannai na kan allo don na'urorin taɓawa.
Bari mu ga abin da ke da ban sha'awa a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Desktop yanayin al'ada ne inda tsarin yayi kama da Windows.
Yanayin kwamfutar hannu ya dace da manyan allon taɓawa. Bugu da ƙari ga bambance-bambance na waje na fili waɗanda za a iya gani a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, akwai wasu fasalulluka. Siginan kwamfuta a cikin yanayin kwamfutar hannu ba a iya gani, maɓallin don rufe aikace-aikace ana sanya shi a kan ma'aunin aiki. Aikace-aikacen cikakken allo suna aiki ɗan bambanta, fayiloli a cikin mai sarrafa fayil kuma ana zaɓar daban.
Yana da daraja ambaton yanayin wayar hannu - duk abin da ke nan kusan iri ɗaya ne da na Android. Ana amfani da yanayin hoto na tashi. A cikin yanayin taɓawa, taɓawa mai tsayi yana aiki, ta inda zaku iya kiran menu na mahallin. Yanayin wayar hannu yana cinye ɗan albarkatu kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da tebur da kwamfutar hannu.
Kasancewar hanyoyi daban-daban na aiki ya dace. Misali, idan kana amfani da kwamfutar hannu tare da madannai mai toshewa kuma, bisa ga haka, yanayin taɓawa da rashin amfani.
Sabunta tsarin
Kafin ka fara amfani da tsarin, kana buƙatar sabunta shi. Galibi Fakitin Astra Linux 14 dubu, и reshe). Ba da daɗewa ba reshe na gwaji zai sami sabuntawa maras tabbas, don haka za mu gwada reshen gwaji. Canja wurin ajiya zuwa gwaji.
Muna fara sabuntawar ma'ajiya kuma muna sabunta tsarin. Don yin wannan, danna maɓallin "Update" a saman hagu, sannan "Markus all updates", sannan "Aiwatar". Mun sake yi.
Manufar mai amfani
Sabbin masu amfani an ƙirƙira su a cikin tsarin ta hanyar amfani da tsarin sarrafa manufofin tsaro.
Ta hanyar tsoho, ana samar da aikin shiga mai nisa (Control Panel - System - Login).
Baya ga zama daban da na nesa da aka saba, zaku iya fara zaman gida (Farawa - Rufewa - Zama).
Biyu na farko a sarari suke. Zaman gida shine zaman da ke farawa a tagar zaman na yanzu.
Za a iya ƙare, ta hanya, bayan jinkirin lokaci: kar a jira ƙarshen ayyuka masu tsawo, amma kawai saita kashewa ta atomatik.
Interface da daidaitaccen software na Astra Linux
Astra Linux Common Edition yana tunawa da Debian kamar yadda yake a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Abin lura ne cewa a zahiri Astra Linux Common Edition yana ƙoƙarin kusanci da Windows.
Kewayawa da aiki tare da tsarin fayil ya fi kusa da Windows fiye da Linux. Hoton tsarin ya zo tare da daidaitaccen saitin software: ofis, sadarwar, zane-zane, kiɗa, bidiyo. Ana kuma haɗa saitunan tsarin a cikin babban menu. Ta hanyar tsoho, allon fuska huɗu suna samuwa.
Kamar yadda kake gani, an shigar da LibreOffice azaman ɗakin ofis a cikin tsarin.
Ƙungiyar sarrafawa tana kama da Windows/Mac/etc da ƙungiyoyin manyan saitunan a wuri ɗaya.
Mai sarrafa fayil yana da mu'amala mai ɗabi'a biyu kuma yana da ikon hawan rumbun adana bayanai azaman manyan fayiloli.
Mai sarrafa fayil na iya ƙididdige ƙididdiga, gami da .
An shigar da Mozilla Firefox azaman tsoho mai bincike. Yana kama da ascetic, amma ya isa sosai. Misali, na bude na duba ta sabo Habr. Ana yin shafuka, tsarin baya faɗuwa ko rataye.
Gwaji na gaba shine gyaran hoto. Mun zazzage hoton daga taken labarin Habr, mun nemi tsarin don buɗe shi a cikin GIMP. Babu wani sabon abu a nan kuma.
Kuma tare da ɗan motsi na hannu, muna ƙara gwaji don KPDV a cikin ɗayan labarin. A ka'ida, babu bambance-bambance daga daidaitattun tsarin Linux anan.
Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu wuce rubutun sauƙi kuma mu shigar da daidaitattun fakiti ta hanyar apt-samun.
Bayan sabunta fihirisa:
sudo apt-get updateDon gwajin, mun shigar da python3-pip, zsh kuma mun shiga shigarwa na oh-my-zsh (tare da ƙarin dogaro na git). Tsarin yayi aiki akai-akai.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, tsarin yana aiki da kyau a cikin tsarin daidaitattun al'amuran yau da kullun ga mai amfani na yau da kullun. Idan kuna tsammanin ganin shirye-shiryen da suka saba da Debian/Ubuntu anan, to dole ne ku sanya su ƙari, da hannu (misali, idan kuna buƙatar fakiti kamar ack-grep, ana shigar dasu ta hanyar curl/sh). Kuna iya ƙara ma'ajiyar bayanai zuwa Sources.list kuma kuyi amfani da dacewa-samun saba.
Astra Linux kayan aikin mallakar mallaka
Kayan aikin da aka bayyana a sama wani bangare ne na abin da ke samuwa ga masu amfani da Astra Linux. Bugu da kari, masu haɓakawa sun ƙirƙiri ƙarin ƙarin kayan aiki kusan ɗari waɗanda za a iya shigar da su ta wurin ma'ajin da aka yi amfani da su don sabunta tsarin.
Don nemo kayan aiki, ya isa ya bincika kalmar "tashi" - duk abubuwan da ake buƙata suna da irin wannan prefix.
Yana da wuya a faɗi game da duk aikace-aikacen da ke cikin tsarin bita guda ɗaya, don haka za mu zaɓi 'yan kaɗan masu amfani daga mahangar mai amfani mai sauƙi. Aikace-aikacen yanayi yana nuna hasashen hasashen biranen da aka zaɓa a Rasha, an inganta shi don yankin Rasha.
Hakanan akwai kayan aikin hoto mai sauƙi tare da tacewa da yawa da zaɓuɓɓuka don bincika ta fayiloli.
Akwai kayan aikin sa ido na baturi da nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban, wanda aka saita shi ta hanyar mai ƙidayar lokaci - kashe mai saka idanu, bacci, hibernation.
Zaɓin fayilolin aiwatarwa don umarni kuma an naɗe shi cikin harsashi mai hoto. Misali, zaku iya tantance wane “vi” tsarin zai zaba yayin gudanar da umarni.
Tare da keɓantaccen mai amfani mai gudanarwa, zaku iya saita waɗanne aikace-aikacen za su fara a farkon tsarin.
Hakanan akwai saka idanu na GPS / GLONASS, yana da amfani a cikin waya / kwamfutar hannu (wanda galibin tsarin da ya dace ya kasance).
Hakanan yana da nasa mai karanta PDF mai sauƙi, don gwaje-gwaje an ƙaddamar da shi akan littafin Al'adu Kyauta na Lawrence Lessig.
Kuna iya karanta game da duk kayan aikin Fly a ciki don Astra Linux, a cikin sashin "Taimako" na tebur mai kama-da-wane.
Bambanci da manyan tsarin
Daga ra'ayi na dubawa da dabaru na sarrafawa, tsarin ya fi kama da Windows XP na yau da kullum, kuma a wasu lokuta - abubuwa daban-daban na Mac OS.
Dangane da abubuwan amfani, na'ura mai kwakwalwa da kayan aiki, tsarin yana kama da na Debian na gargajiya, wanda yake da kyau sosai kuma ya saba da masu amfani iri ɗaya na Ubuntu da Minted, kodayake mafi haɓaka ba zai rasa fakitin da aka saba da su daga duk wuraren ajiya ba.
Idan na fifita kwarewata akan hoton masu amfani, ina da kyakkyawan fata ga sabon tsarin. Dangane da gogewar su tare da Windows/Mac, masu amfani na yau da kullun za su iya samun kwanciyar hankali tare da Astra Linux Common Edition ba tare da wata matsala ba. Kuma ƙarin masu amfani da Linux masu ci gaba, ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin unix, za su saita komai yadda suka ga dama.
Sigar Astra Linux na yanzu yana dogara ne akan Debian 9.4 kuma yana da sabon kwaya daga Debian 10 (4.19).
Tabbas, akwai sabbin nau'ikan Ubuntu, amma akwai ƙaramin ƙarami amma mahimmanci - ba LTS bane (Taimakon Dogon Lokaci). Sifofin LTS na Ubuntu suna kan daidai da Astra Linux dangane da nau'ikan fakitin. Na ɗauki bayanai don Astra Linux (ƙwararren Astra Linux Special Edition don sauƙaƙa bin kwanakin sakin OS) daga W, idan aka kwatanta da lokacin fitowar nau'ikan LTS na Ubuntu, kuma abin da ya faru ke nan:
Sabuntawar LTS na Ubuntu
Sakin Astra Linux Edition na Musamman
Kwanan wata
Shafi
Kwanan wata
Shafi
17.04.2014
14.04 LTS
19.12.2014
1.4
21.04.2016
16.04 LTS
08.04.2016
1.5
26.04.2018
18.04 LTS
26.09.2018
1.6
Tabbatarwa
Babban fa'idodin Astra Linux "Eagle" Common Edition:
- Ba ya faɗuwa, baya daskarewa, ba a lura da glitches mai mahimmanci ba.
- Nasarar kwaikwayi mu'amalar Windows NT/XP.
- Sauƙi da sauƙi na shigarwa.
- Ƙananan buƙatun albarkatu.
- An riga an shigar da babbar manhajar: babban ofishin LibreOffice, editan zane na GIMP, da sauransu.
- Babban saitin ƙarin abubuwan amfani.
- Sifofin fakitin sun girmi sabbin nau'ikan Ubuntu.
- Ma'ajiyar ta ya yi ƙasa da na Ubuntu da Debian.
Ƙarshe: Sabbin nau'ikan Ubuntu waɗanda ba LTS ba sun fi dacewa da mai amfani da gida fiye da Astra.
A lokaci guda, bazai dace da masu amfani da gida su zauna akan rarraba LTS ba, amma ga ƙungiyoyi zaɓi ne na al'ada. Don haka, zaɓi na masu haɓaka Astra Linux waɗanda ke da nufin sashin kamfani abu ne mai fahimta da ma'ana.
Dangane da gazawar, sun fi zama gaskiya ga waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don yin aiki da Linux, tunda a zahiri Astra Linux “Eagle” ya fi kusa da Windows fiye da Linux.
Astra Linux “Eagle” Common Edition yana kama da kyakkyawan maye gurbin sigar Windows na ofis a matsayin wani ɓangare na canjin gwamnati zuwa software na kyauta, amma don amfanin gida yana iya zama ɗan ra'ayin mazan jiya.
Daga kamfanin Astra Linux: kullum muna sadarwa tare da masu amfani da tsarin mu. Ana rubuta mu akai-akai game da ra'ayoyinsu - ba kawai ta waɗanda kwanan nan suka canza zuwa OS ɗinmu ba, har ma da masu amfani waɗanda suka daɗe suna amfani da software. Idan kuna da fahimtar cewa kuna shirye don raba da bayyana kwarewar mai amfani da Astra, rubuta a cikin sharhi da kuma kan hanyoyin sadarwar mu.
source: www.habr.com