A baya post game da Mun ce wasu racks an shigar da ATS - canja wurin ajiyar atomatik. Amma a gaskiya ma, a cikin cibiyar bayanai, ana sanya ATS ba kawai a cikin tara ba, amma tare da dukan hanyar lantarki. A wurare daban-daban suna magance matsaloli daban-daban:
- a cikin manyan allunan rarrabawa (MSB), AVR yana canza kaya tsakanin shigarwa daga birni da kuma madadin wutar lantarki daga na'urorin janareta na diesel (DGS);
- a cikin samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa (UPS), ATS yana canza kaya daga babban shigarwar zuwa kewayawa (ƙari akan wannan a ƙasa);
- A cikin racks, ATS yana canza kaya daga shigarwa ɗaya zuwa wani idan akwai matsala tare da ɗayan abubuwan shigarwa.
ATS a cikin daidaitaccen tsarin samar da wutar lantarki don cibiyoyin bayanan DataLine.
Za mu yi magana game da waɗanne AVRs ake amfani da su kuma a ina a yau.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan ATS guda biyu: ATS (canja wurin atomatik) da STS (canja wurin canja wuri). Sun bambanta a cikin ƙa'idodin aiki da tushe kuma ana amfani da su don ayyuka daban-daban. A takaice, STS shine mafi wayo ATS. Yana jujjuya lodi da sauri kuma ana amfani dashi akai-akai don manyan lodi/currents. Yana da sauƙin sassauƙa a cikin tsari, amma yana ƙarƙashin ɓarna na hanyar sadarwa: yana iya ƙi yin aiki idan abubuwan shigarwa 2 suna aiki daga tushe daban-daban, alal misali: daga na'ura mai canzawa da saitin janareta na diesel.
AVR a cikin babban allo
Babban ATS na cibiyar bayanai shekaru ashirin da suka gabata ya yi kama da tsarin hadadden tsarin tuntuɓar masu tuntuɓar juna da relays.
Samfurin AVR daga farkon 2000s.
Yanzu AVR ƙaramin na'ura ce mai aiki da yawa.
Tsarin ATS da ke cikin babban allo yana sarrafa na'urori masu rarraba bayanai kuma suna ba da umarni don farawa da dakatar da saitin janareta na diesel. Lokacin da nauyin ya fi 2 MW a babban matakin maɓalli, ba shi da kyau a bi gudun. Ko da ya sauya da sauri, zai ɗauki lokaci har saitin janareta na diesel ya fara. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da ATS masu hankali kuma yana saita jinkiri (setpoints). Yana aiki kamar haka: lokacin da wutar lantarki zuwa cibiyar bayanai daga masu taswira ta ɓace, ATS yana ba da umarnin na'urorin: “Transformer, kashe. Yanzu muna jira daƙiƙa 10 (saitin madaidaicin), saitin janareta na diesel, kunna, jira wani sakan 10.
ATS a cikin UPS
Yin amfani da UPS a matsayin misali, bari mu ga yadda nau'in ATS na biyu ke aiki - STS ko canja wurin canja wuri.
A cikin UPS, alternating current ana canza shi zuwa kai tsaye ta mai gyarawa. Sa'an nan a inverter ya juya baya zuwa alternating current, amma tare da tabbatattun sigogi. Wannan yana kawar da tsangwama kuma yana inganta ingancin makamashi. Lokacin da aka kashe babban wutar lantarki akan batura kuma yana kunna cibiyar bayanai yayin da injin janareta na diesel ke aiki.
Amma idan daya daga cikin abubuwan ya kasa: mai gyara, inverter ko batura? A wannan yanayin, kowane UPS yana da hanyar wucewa, ko wucewa. Tare da shi, na'urar tana ci gaba da aiki, ta ƙetare manyan abubuwa, kai tsaye daga ƙarfin shigarwa. Hakanan ana amfani da hanyar wucewa lokacin da kake buƙatar kashe UPS da fitar dashi don gyarawa.
Ana buƙatar STS a cikin UPS don canjawa wuri lafiya zuwa shigarwar wucewa. A takaice, STS yana lura da sigogin shigarwa da fitarwa na cibiyar sadarwa, yana jira su daidaita, kuma suna canzawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin aminci.
AVR a cikin kwandon shara
Don haka, ana haɗa abubuwan shigar wutar lantarki guda biyu zuwa taragon. Idan kayan aikin ku suna da kayan wuta guda biyu, zaku iya haɗa shi cikin sauƙi zuwa PDU daban-daban, kuma ba ku jin tsoron asarar shigarwa ɗaya. Idan uwar garken naka yana da wutar lantarki daya fa?
A cikin rakiyar, ana amfani da ATS don kada ribar da aka samu daga abubuwa biyu ta lalace. Idan akwai matsaloli tare da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka shigar, ATS yana canza kaya zuwa wani shigarwar.
Disclaimer: Idan za ku iya, guje wa kayan aiki tare da samar da wutar lantarki guda ɗaya don guje wa ƙirƙirar batu na gazawa a cikin tsarin. Na gaba za mu nuna mene ne rashin amfanin wannan tsarin haɗin gwiwa.
Ayyukan ATS a cikin kwandon shine canza kayan aiki zuwa shigarwar aiki da sauri don haka babu katsewa a cikin aikinsa. An samo gudun da ake buƙata don wannan ta gwaji: bai wuce 20 ms ba. Bari mu ga yadda aka gano wannan.
Rashin gazawa a cikin aikin kayan aikin uwar garken yana faruwa ne saboda dips na lantarki (saboda aiki a tashoshin, haɗin kaya mai ƙarfi ko haɗari). Don kwatanta yadda kayan aiki za su iya jure wa girman girma daban-daban da tsawon lokacin hawan wutar lantarki, CBEMA (Ƙungiyar Masu Kera Kayan Kayan Kwamfuta da Kasuwanci) an ƙirƙira maƙallan aminci na kayan lantarki. Yanzu an san su da ITIC (Information Technology Industry Council) masu lankwasa, bambance-bambancen su an haɗa su cikin ka'idodin IEEE 446 ANSI (wannan shine analog na GOSTs ɗin mu).
Bari mu duba jadawalin. Ayyukanmu shine tabbatar da cewa na'urori suna aiki a cikin "yankin kore". A kan madaidaicin ITIC mun ga cewa kayan aiki suna shirye don "jurewa" tsoma iyakar 20 ms. Sabili da haka, muna nufin ATS a cikin tarawa suyi aiki a cikin 20 ms, ko mafi kyau tukuna, har ma da sauri.
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na'urar ATS. Wani nau'in ATS na yau da kullun a cikin akwatin cibiyar bayanan mu yana ɗaukar raka'a 1 kuma yana iya jure nauyin 16 A.
A kan nunin mun ga daga wane shigar da ATS ke aiki, nawa na'urorin da aka haɗa ke cinyewa a cikin amperes. Yi amfani da maɓalli daban don zaɓar ko don ba da fifiko ga shigarwar farko ko ta biyu. A hannun dama akwai tashoshin jiragen ruwa don haɗawa da ATS:
- Ethernet tashar jiragen ruwa - haɗa saka idanu;
- Serial port - shiga ta kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka kuma duba abin da ke faruwa a cikin rajistan ayyukan;
- USB - saka filasha filasha kuma sabunta firmware.
Tashar jiragen ruwa suna musaya: za ka iya yin duk waɗannan ayyuka idan kana da damar zuwa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikinsu.
A gefen baya akwai matosai don haɗa manyan bayanai da bayanan ajiya da rukunin soket don haɗa kayan IT.
Muna duba cikakkun halaye na AVR ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo. A can za ku iya daidaita tunanin canzawa kuma ku ga rajistan ayyukan.
AVR yanar gizo dubawa.
Shigarwa da haɗin ATS. Yana da kyau a shigar da AVR a tsayi a tsakiyar taragon. Idan ba mu san daidaitawar tarawa a gaba ba, to ana iya isa ga kayan aiki tare da wutar lantarki ɗaya tare da wayoyi daga ƙasa da sama.
Amma akwai nuances: zurfin ma'aunin ma'auni yana da girma fiye da zurfin AVR. Muna ba da shawarar shigar da shi a matsayin kusa da hanyar sanyi kamar yadda zai yiwu saboda dalilai biyu:
- Shiga gaban panel. Idan muka shigar da ATS kusa da ramin zafi, za mu ga alamar, amma ba za mu iya haɗa shi ta hanyar tashoshin jiragen ruwa ba. Wannan yana nufin ba za mu iya duba rajistan ayyukan ko sake kunna na'urar ba.
Wani wuri a cikin zurfin, AVR yana lumshewa - tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ba ta iya isa. - Firiji. Ana ba da shawarar amfani da AVR a yanayin zafi da bai wuce 45°C ba. Duk da haka, ba ta da magoya bayanta don sanyaya; na'urar ƙarfe ce kawai mai cike da lantarki. Kula da zafin da ake so ta hanyoyi biyu:
- magudanan iskar da ke buso masa daga waje;
- fasteners cewa cire wuce haddi zafi.
Idan muka shigar da ATS a gefen hanya mai zafi kuma, a Bugu da kari, sandwich shi tare da kek na sabobin, to, za mu sami murhu. A cikin mafi kyawun yanayin, AVR zai ƙone kwakwalwarsa kuma ya rasa hulɗa da duniyar waje, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, zai fara canza kaya ko watsi da shi.
AVR yana tururi yana fuskantar koridor mai zafi.
Akwai shari'a. Wani injiniya da ke zagaye da shi ya ji danna dannawa mara kyau.
A cikin zurfin koridor mai zafi, a ƙarƙashin tarin sabobin, an gano wani ATS wanda koyaushe yana canzawa daga babban shigarwar zuwa madadin.An maye gurbin AVR. Lokutan ya nuna cewa tsawon mako guda yana canzawa kowane daƙiƙa - jimlar sama da rabin miliyan maɓalli. Haka abin yake
Waɗanne wasu AVRs suke samuwa a cikin rak?
Gabatarwa Rack ATS. A cikin cibiyar bayanan mu, irin wannan ATS yana aiki azaman tushen rarraba wutar lantarki a cikin rack: yana aiki azaman ATS + PDU. Ya mamaye raka'a da yawa, yana iya jure wa nauyin 32 A, an haɗa shi da masu haɗin masana'antu kuma yana iya yin wuta har zuwa 6 kW na kayan aiki. Ana iya amfani da shi lokacin da ba zai yiwu a ɗaura daidaitattun PDUs ba, kuma kayan aikin raka'a guda ɗaya a cikin rakiyar ba ya ɗaukar nauyi mai mahimmanci.
Farashin STS. Ana amfani da STS da aka ɗora da Rack don kayan aikin tiyata. Wannan ATS yana canzawa da sauri fiye da ATS.
Wannan musamman STS yana ɗaukar raka'a 6 kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin “vintage” dubawa.
Mini-AVR. Akwai irin wadannan jarirai, amma a cibiyar bayanan mu ba haka lamarin yake ba. Wannan karamin-ATS ne na uwar garken guda ɗaya.
Ana haɗa wannan ATS kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki ta uwar garken.
Yadda muke nemo madaidaicin AVR
Muna gwada ATS daban-daban kuma mu duba yadda suke aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma.
Ga yadda muke izgili da AVR don duba shi:
- muna haɗa shi da mai rikodin ingancin cibiyar sadarwa, uwar garken da ƙarin na'urori da yawa don kaya;
- muna rufe kwandon tare da matosai ko fim don cimma babban yanayin zafi;
- zafi zuwa 50 ° C;
- a madadin kashe abubuwan shigar sau 20;
- muna duban ko akwai wasu gazawar wutar lantarki da kuma yadda uwar garken ke ji;
- Idan AVR ya wuce gwajin, zafi shi zuwa 70°C.
Hoto tare da hoto mai zafi daga ɗayan gwaje-gwajen.
Mai nazarin hanyar sadarwa yana rikodin ƙarfin lantarki akan lokaci. A cikin rikodin mun ga tsawon lokacin da sauyawar ya kasance: a wannan lokacin an katse kalaman sine
Af, za mu ɗauki AVR don gwaji: za mu bincika ƙarfin na'urar ku kuma mu gaya muku abin da ya faru 😉
AVR a cikin rak: barazanar ɓoye
Babban matsala tare da ATS mai ɗorewa shine cewa yana iya canza nauyin kawai daga babba zuwa shigarwar madadin, amma ba ya kare shi daga gajerun kewayawa ko kayan aiki. Idan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci ya faru a kan wutar lantarki, to, mai haɗawa a matsayi mafi girma zai yi aiki don kariya: a kan PDU ko a cikin kwamitin rarrabawa. A sakamakon haka, shigarwa ɗaya yana kashe, ATS ya fahimci wannan kuma ya canza zuwa shigarwa na biyu. Idan har yanzu gajeriyar da'irar ta kasance, na'ura mai karyawa ta biyu za ta yi rauni. A sakamakon haka, matsala a kan kayan aiki guda ɗaya na iya haifar da duka rak ɗin ya rasa iko.
Don haka na sake maimaitawa: yi tunani sau dubu kafin shigar da ATS a cikin rakiyar da amfani da kayan aiki tare da wutar lantarki guda ɗaya.
source: www.habr.com