Muna ci gaba da magana game da kayan aikin don tantance aikin CPU akan injunan Linux. Yau a cikin kayan: temci, uarch-bench, likwid, perf-tools da lvm-mca.
Ƙarin alamomi:
Ото - - Unsplash
Wannan kayan aiki ne don kimanta lokacin aiwatar da shirye-shirye guda biyu. Mahimmanci, yana ba ku damar kwatanta lokacin aiwatar da aikace-aikacen biyu. Marubucin mai amfani ɗalibi ne daga Jamus, Johannes Bechberger, wanda ya haɓaka ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na karatun digirinsa a cikin 2016. Kayan aiki na yau mai lasisi a ƙarƙashin GNU General Public License.
Johannes yana so ya ƙirƙira kayan aiki wanda zai ba shi damar auna aikin tsarin kwamfuta a cikin yanayi mai sarrafawa. Don haka, ɗayan manyan abubuwan temci shine ikon saita yanayin gwaji. Misali, : canza saitunan sarrafa mitar CPU, kashe da caches na L1 da L2, kashe yanayin turbo akan na'urori masu sarrafa Intel, da sauransu. Don benchmarking temci yana amfani da kayan aiki. , и .
Wannan shine abin da mai amfani yayi kama a yanayin farko:
# compare the run times of two programs, running them each 20 times
> temci short exec "sleep 0.1" "sleep 0.2" --runs 20
Benchmark 20 times [####################################] 100%
Report for single runs
sleep 0.1 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 100.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1800k, deviation = 3.86455%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
sleep 0.2 ( 20 single benchmarks)
avg_mem_usage mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
avg_res_set mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
etime mean = 200.00000m, deviation = 0.00000%
max_res_set mean = 2.1968k, deviation = 3.82530%
stime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
utime mean = 0.000, deviation = 0.0
Dangane da sakamakon benchmarking, tsarin ya haifar tare da zane-zane, teburi da jadawalai, waɗanda ke bambanta temci daga mafita iri ɗaya.
Daga cikin gazawar temci, "matasa" ya fito fili. Saboda wannan ya hardware da software saituna. Misali, yana da wahala a yi aiki akan macOS, kuma ba a samun wasu fasalulluka akan tsarin tushen ARM. A nan gaba, halin da ake ciki na iya canzawa, yayin da marubucin ke haɓaka aikin, kuma yawan taurari a GitHub yana karuwa a hankali - ba da daɗewa ba temci ko da a kan Labaran Hacker.
Mai amfani don kimanta aikin ƙananan ayyuka na CPU, wanda injiniyan Travis Downs ya haɓaka (). Kwanan nan yana yin rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo akan Shafukan GitHub, wanda yayi magana game da kayan aikin benchmarking da sauran abubuwa masu alaƙa. Gabaɗaya, uarch-bench yana fara samun shahara, amma ya riga ya zama gama gari mazauna Hacker News a cikin zaren jigo a matsayin abin tafi-da-gidanka don tantancewa.
Uarch-bench yana ba ku damar kimanta aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, saurin ɗora bayanai na layi ɗaya da aikin tsaftacewa . Yadda za a iya samun sakamakon benchmarking da shirin ya samar a kasan shafin.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa uarch-bench, kamar temci, Intel Turbo Boost (yana ƙara saurin agogon sarrafawa ta atomatik a ƙarƙashin kaya) don sakamakon gwajin ya yi daidai.
A yanzu, aikin yana cikin farkon matakan ci gaba, don haka uarch-bench ba shi da cikakkun bayanai, kuma aikinsa na iya ƙunsar kwari - alal misali, tare da ƙaddamarwa akan Ryzen. Hakanan, ma'auni na gine-ginen x86 kawai ake tallafawa. Marubucin yayi alkawarin ƙara ƙarin ayyuka a nan gaba kuma yana gayyatar ku don shiga cikin ci gaba.
Wannan saitin kayan aiki ne don kimanta aikin injinan Linux tare da na'urori na Intel, AMD da ARMv8. An ƙirƙira shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Bincike ta Tarayyar Jamus a cikin 2017 kuma an fitar da shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen tushe.
Daga cikin kayan aikin likwid, zamu iya haskaka likwid-powermeter, wanda ke nuna bayanai daga rajistar RAPL game da ikon da tsarin ke cinyewa, da kuma likid-setFrequencies, wanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa mitar sarrafawa. Kuna iya ganin cikakken jerin .
Injiniyoyin da ke da hannu a cikin binciken HPC ke amfani da kayan aikin. Misali, tare da likwid ƙungiyar kwararru daga Cibiyar Ƙididdigar Yanki na Jami'ar Erlangen-Nuremberg (RRZE) a Jamus. Har ila yau, tana ba da gudummawa sosai wajen haɓaka wannan saitin kayan aikin.
Ото - - Unsplash
Wannan kayan aiki don nazarin ayyukan sabar Linux Brendan Gregg. Yana daya daga cikin masu haɓakawa - tsarin bin diddigi mai ƙarfi don gyara aikace-aikacen a ainihin lokacin.
perf-kayan aikin dogara ne akan perf_events da ftrace kernel subsystems. Abubuwan da suke amfani da su suna ba ku damar bincika latency I / O (iosnoop), waƙa tsarin kira muhawara (unccount, funcslower, funcgraph da functrace) da tattara kididdiga akan “hits” a cikin cache fayil (cachestat). A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, umarnin yayi kama da haka:
# ./cachestat -t
Counting cache functions... Output every 1 seconds.
TIME HITS MISSES DIRTIES RATIO BUFFERS_MB CACHE_MB
08:28:57 415 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:58 411 0 0 100.0% 1 191
08:28:59 362 97 0 78.9% 0 8
08:29:00 411 0 0 100.0% 0 9
An kafa wata babbar al'umma a kusa da kayan aikin (). Kuma akwai kamfanonin da ke amfani da kayan aikin perf, misali . Amma ana ƙara haɓaka kayan aikin kuma ana gyara shi (ko da yake an fitar da sabuntawa ba da daɗewa ba). Saboda haka, kurakurai na iya faruwa a cikin aikinsa - marubucin ya rubuta cewa wani lokacin kayan aikin perf yana haifar da firgita kernel.
Mai amfani wanda ke yin hasashen adadin injin albarkatun kwamfuta nawa zai buƙaci akan CPUs daban-daban. Ta Umarni A Kowane Zagaye () da kuma nauyin kayan aikin da takamaiman aikace-aikacen ke haifarwa.
An gabatar da llvm-mca a cikin 2018 a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin , wanda ke haɓaka tsarin duniya don bincike, canzawa da inganta shirye-shirye. An san cewa marubutan llvm-mca sun sami wahayi ta hanyar mafita don nazarin aikin software kuma ya nemi ƙirƙirar madadin. Kuma bisa ga masu amfani, fitowar kayan aikin (tsarin su da adadinsu) da gaske yayi kama da IACA - misali. . Koyaya, llvm-mca yana karɓa kawai , don haka da alama za ku yi amfani da masu juyawa don yin aiki da shi.
Abubuwan da muke rubutawa a kan shafukanmu da shafukan sada zumunta:
Mu a 1cloud.ru muna ba da sabis na kyauta "" Kuna iya sarrafa bayanan DNS a cikin asusun sirri guda ɗaya.
source: www.habr.com